BS 7121-5-2006 Code of practice for safe use of cranes - Tower cranes《起重机安全使用实施规则 塔式起重机》.pdf

1、BS 7121-5:2006NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDCode of practice for safe use of cranes Part 5: Tower cranesICS 53.020.20Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last is

2、sued. BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48129 8The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference MHE/3Draft for comment 05/30054437 DCPublication historyFirst published as BS 7121-5, July 1997First revision, April 2006Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affected

3、BS 7121-5:2006 BSI 2006 iBS 7121-5:2006ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Management of installation and lifting operations 55 Contract lift or crane hire 116 Planning of lifting operations when the crane is in use 137 Selection and duties of personnel 15

4、8 Minimum attributes of personnel 209 Selection of tower cranes 2710 Safety 3811 Siting of cranes 4512 Erecting, dismantling and alteration of height 5013 Tower crane climbing 5814 Procedures and precautions 7115 Operating conditions 7416 Slinging and handling of loads 7717 Maintenance 7918 Thorough

5、 examination 81AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Additional recommendations for the installation and use of self-erecting tower cranes 82Annex B (normative) Lifting of persons 83Annex C (normative) Training of crane operators and slingers 87Annex D (informative) Example of typical procedure for climbing fr

6、ame thorough examinations and checks 97Annex E (informative) Background to the BS 7121 series 99Bibliography 101List of figuresFigure 1 Contract options 12Figure 2 Flow of information between personnel involved in lifting operations 18Figure 3 Hand signals 22Figure 4 Types of tower 28Figure 5 Types

7、of jib 30Figure 6 Types of base 33Figure 7 Lorry mounted tower crane 37Figure 8 Typical external climbing sequence 59Figure 9 Typical internal climbing sequence 61Figure 10 Typical tie 63List of tablesTable 1 Minimum number of operators required for continuous single shift operation of tower cranes

8、45Table 2 Weight of materials 77Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 102, an inside back cover and a back cover.BS 7121-5:2006ii BSI 2006 This page deliberately left blank BSI 2006 iiiBS 7121-5:2006ForewordPublishing informationThis

9、part of BS 7121 was published by BSI and came into effect on 28 April 2006. It was prepared by Subcommittee MHE/3/11, Crane safety and testing, under the authority of Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to i

10、ts secretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 7121 supersedes BS 7121-5:1997, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThe Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1 and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 2 came into force on the 5 December 1998.

11、 Details of the Regulations, an Approved Code of Practice plus HSE guidance can be found in the HSE books Safe use of lifting equipment 3 and Safe use of work equipment 4.BS 7121-1 provides general recommendations for crane types not covered in an additional part of BS 7121. BS 7121-2 covers in-serv

12、ice inspection, thorough examination and, where appropriate, testing for the safe use of all types of crane. Subsequent parts of BS 7121 deal with the specific crane types as follows: Part 3: Mobile cranes; Part 4: Lorry loaders; Part 5: Tower cranes; Part 6: Derrick cranes; Part 7: Overhead/under-h

13、ung travelling and goliath cranes; Part 8: High pedestal and portal jib dockside cranes; Part 9: Container handling cranes; Part 10: Rail mounted cranes; Part 11: Offshore cranes; Part 12: Recovery vehicles and equipment; Part 13: Hydraulic gantry lifting systems; Part 14: Side boom pipelayers.When

14、all parts of BS 7121 have been published, CP 3010 will be withdrawn and BS 5744 will be revised to cover manually operated and light cranes only.Information on the background to the development and use of BS 7121 since the initial publication of BS 7121-1 in 1989 is given in Annex E.The BS 7121 seri

15、es has been accepted as representing the consensus of practical experience for safety on cranes.BS 7121-5:2006iv BSI 2006Information about this documentThis new edition represents a full revision of the standard. It is intended to be used in conjunction with other parts of BS 7121 to ensure, so far

16、as is reasonably practicable, that lifting operations are carried out safely.The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) commends the use of this British Standard to those who have duties under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 5. This standard was drawn up with the participation of HSE represen

17、tatives and will be referred to in relevant HSE publications.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance

18、are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropria

19、tely qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and

20、 general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance wit

21、h a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2006 1BS 7121-5:20061 ScopeThis part of BS 7121 gives recommendations for the safe installation and use of tower cranes, including self-erecting tower cranes.Subjects covered include selection of tower cranes, planning the insta

22、llation (including site specific design work, e.g. base and ties), erection, extension (including climbing), thorough examination (including testing), maintenance, operation, and dismantling, as well as safety measures to be taken during the execution of all the above functions. It also covers the a

23、ppropriate selection and training of personnel involved in the safe installation and use of tower cranes.NOTE Self-erecting tower cranes have been addressed briefly in this document. It is envisaged that a full treatment will be given in a future publication.2 Normative referencesThe following refer

24、enced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 7121 (all parts), Code of practice for the safe use of cranesBS 76

25、71:2001, Requirements for electrical installations IEE Wiring Regulations Sixteenth editionBS EN 13586, Cranes Access16 HSE Guidance Note GS 6, Avoidance of danger from overhead power lines. Sudbury: HSE Books, 199722 HSE Guidance Note HS G 118, Electrical safety in arc welding. Sudbury: HSE Books,

26、19943 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 7121, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 appointed personperson with the training, practical and theoretical knowledge and experience required to comply with 4.33.2 carrierdevice that supports persons during lifting and loweri

27、ngNOTE This may also be known as a “manrider”.3.3 climbingincreasing or decreasing the tower height of a crane using a means other than another crane3.4 competent engineerperson who has such theoretical knowledge and experience of the design of the lifting equipment as enables them to assess the des

28、ign of tower crane bases, ties and supporting structure connections, together with the adequacy of supporting structures to take the loads imposed by the craneBS 7121-5:20062 BSI 20063.5 competent person person who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of the crane and the equi

29、pment used in the lifting operation as is necessary to carry out the function to which the term relates in each particular context3.6 crane coordinatorperson who plans and directs the sequence of operations of cranes to ensure that they do not collide with other cranes, loads and other equipment (e.

30、g. concrete placing booms, telehandlers, piling rigs) 3.7 crane operatorperson who is operating the crane for the purpose of positioning loads or erection of the craneNOTE Sometimes referred to as “crane driver”.3.8 crane supervisorperson who controls the lifting operation, and ensures that it is ca

31、rried out in accordance with the appointed persons safe system of work 3.9 employing organizationperson or organization who requires a lifting operation to be carried out and is responsible for safe use of the crane NOTE In the case of a hired crane the degree of the employing organizations responsi

32、bility for the safe use of the crane depends on whether the crane is being supplied under a crane hire contract or a part of a contract lift. See Clause 5.3.10 erectorperson trained and assessed in tower crane erection, working under the supervision of an erection supervisor3.11 erection supervisorp

33、erson in control of a team of tower crane erectors on site, who is a senior erector with sufficient experience and additional skills to enable them to supervise, and take responsibility for, the team3.12 indicatordevice which provides warnings and/or data to facilitate the competent control of the c

34、rane within its design parameters3.13 installationgroup of activities associated with the erection, alteration and dismantling of a tower crane 3.14 lifting any movement of loads or persons that includes a change of height 3.14.1 basic liftlifting operation where the weight of the load(s) can be sim

35、ply established, and there are no hazards or obstructions within the area of the operation3.14.2 standard liftlifting operation where there are hazards, either within the working area of the crane or on the access route to the working area BSI 2006 3BS 7121-5:20063.14.3 complex liftlifting operation

36、 which includes cranes using load enhancement equipment, lifting of persons or when the lifting operation is at a location with exceptional hazards NOTE An example of a location with exceptional hazards is a chemical plant.3.15 lifting equipmentwork equipment (crane) for lifting or lowering loads, i

37、ncluding attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting the load3.16 loadweight which is lifted by the crane NOTE If cranes are used to lift loads from water, the load could also include forces due to water flow or suction.3.17 lifting accessory equipment from which the load can be suspendedNO

38、TE Also known as accessories for lifting.3.18 method statementdocument produced by the appointed person to describe how the crane installation or lifting operation is to be carried out3.19 radiushorizontal distance between the point at which the axis of rotation meets the ground and the vertical cen

39、treline passing through the hookNOTE For non-slewing cranes, the horizontal distance from the centreline of the hook to the centreline of the nearest bogie or axle, bogie or track, measured at ground level, can be assumed to be the radius.3.20 radius indicatordevice that shows the radius at which th

40、e crane is operating3.21 rated capacityload that the crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the load)NOTE The rated capacity was formerly known as “safe working load”.3.22 rated capacity indicator/limiterRCI/Ldevice that warns of the approach to ov

41、erload and prevents the crane from being overloaded as described in BS EN 12077-2NOTE This was previously known as an “automatic safe load indicator” (ASLI) and “overload protection”. For information on ASLIs see BS 7262.3.23 senior erectorerector with sufficient experience and additional skills to

42、enable them to work with and directly oversee a trainee erector3.24 service conditions3.24.1 in-service condition where the crane is handling loads not exceeding the rated capacities within permissible wind speeds and other conditions as specified by the manufacturerBS 7121-5:20064 BSI 20063.24.2 ou

43、t-of-service condition where the crane is either not required for use or is out of use, without a load on the hook and in conditions as specified by the manufacturerNOTE These conditions may include a higher wind speed than that permitted for the in-service conditions.3.25 signallerperson responsibl

44、e for directing the crane operator to ensure safe movement of the crane and load 3.26 slingerperson responsible for attaching and detaching the load to and from the crane, for correct selection and use of lifting accessories in accordance with the specifications of the appointed person and for initi

45、ating the movement of the load3.27 thorough examinationexamination by a competent person in such depth and detail as the competent person considers necessary to enable them to determine whether the equipment being examined is safe to continue in useNOTE The thorough examination is not part of the ma

46、intenance regime for the equipment but provides owners with information which could be used to determine the effectiveness of the regime. The competent person may require supplementary tests as part of thorough examination. See BS 7121-2.3.28 tower crane3.28.1 conventional tower craneslewing jib typ

47、e crane with jib located at the top of a vertical tower which is assembled on site from components3.28.2 self-erecting tower craneSETCjib type crane with jib located at the top of a vertical slewing tower which is a pre-assembled unit transported to site and deployed from its travelling configuratio

48、n for use3.29 trainee erectorperson undergoing training in the erection of cranes and working at all times under the direct supervision of a senior erector3.30 useactivity of any kind involving work equipment NOTE This includes starting, stopping, programming, setting, transporting, repairing, modif

49、ying, servicing and cleaning.3.31 userperson or organization that has control of the lifting operation and the crane operator, and has a responsibility to ensure that cranes are properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person3.32 weightvertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity3.33 zoning deviceelectromechanical/electronic device to control the area in which a tower crane works BSI 2006 5BS 7121-5:20064 Management of instal