1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7175:1989 Methods of test for The ignitability of bedcovers and pillows by smouldering and flaming ignition sources UDC 645.481:687.268.1:677.014.27:614.841.411:536.468:543.874BS 7175:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothin
2、g Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 July 1989 BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/30 Draft for comment 88/37426 DC ISBN 0 580 17310 0 Committees responsible f
3、or this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/30, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Heavy Textile Proofers of Great Britain Bolton Institute of
4、Higher Education British Burn Association British Carpet Manufacturers Association Ltd. British Clothing Industry Association British Plastics Federation British Steel Corporation British Textile Employers Association Chemical Industries Association Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Associatio
5、n City of Bradford Conditioning House Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, C A Division) Design Council Home and Contract Furni
6、shing Textiles Association Home Office International Wool Secretariat Lambeg Industrial Research Association London Scientific Services Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Ministry of Defence Soap and Detergent Industry Association Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Textile Institute Te
7、xtile Research Council Warrington Fire Research Centre Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS7175:1989 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Criteria of ignition 2 4 General pri
8、nciple 2 5 Health and safety of operators 2 6 Apparatus 2 7 Conditioning and testing 4 Section 2. Pillows and continental quilts tested with smouldering and flaming ignition sources 8 General 5 9 Test specimens 5 10 Ignition sources 5 11 Test procedures 5 Section 3. Individual bedcovers (including m
9、attress cases and covers, sheets, pillowslips, blankets, bedspreads and continental quilt covers) tested with smouldering and flaming ignition sources 12 General 8 13 Test specimens 8 14 Ignition sources 8 15 Test procedures 8 Section 4. Composite of known bedcovers and pillows tested with smoulderi
10、ng and flaming ignition sources 16 General 11 17 Test specimens 11 18 Ignition sources 11 19 Test procedures 11 Section 5. Final examination of test specimens and test report 20 Final examination 14 21 Test report 14 Appendix A Preferred test report layout 15 Figure 1 Test rig 3 Figure 2 Test rig an
11、d mineral wool fibre pad 4 Figure 3 Position of ignition sources for pillows and continental quilts 7 Figure 4 Position of ignition sources for bedcovers 10 Figure 5 Position of ignition sources for composite of known bedcovers and pillows 13 Table 1 Tests with smouldering and flaming ignition sourc
12、es for pillows and continental quilts 5 Table 2 Distance of ignition source below test specimen for pillows and continental quilts 5 Table 3 Tests with smouldering and flaming ignition sources for individual bedcovers 8 Table 4 Distance of ignition source below test specimen for individual bedcovers
13、 8BS7175:1989 ii BSI 03-1999 Page Table 5 Tests with smouldering and flaming ignition sources for composite of known bedcovers and pillows 11 Table 6 Distance of ignition source below test specimen for composite of known bedcovers and pillows 11 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS7175:1989
14、BSI 03-1999 iii Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee and is based on procedures developed by The Crown Suppliers. It is used for the assessment of resistance to ignition of individual items of bedcovers and compo
15、site arrangements of bedcovers in the orientations that would be used in real-life situations, i.e. in both horizontal and vertical planes. The ignition sources used in this standard are described in BS 5852-1 and BS5852-2 and are the same as those used in BS 6807, which this standard complements. T
16、he two standards can be used in conjunction with each other to establish higher safety levels for bedding. It can not be assumed that protection against flaming ignition sources will automatically give protection against smouldering ignition. Users of the standard should therefore recognize the need
17、 to submit test specimens to both smouldering cigarette and flaming ignition sources. The frequency of testing will usually appear in associated performance specifications. WARNING. The tests only relate to the ignitability of the materials described in the test report (see clause 21) and are not in
18、tended to reproduce the full fire hazards that may be encountered. Particular attention is drawn to the possibility of ignition of lower layers of a bed assembly when using bedcovers which are not themselves ignited but which form a hole on exposure to an ignition source. A British Standard does not
19、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
20、ont cover, pages i to iv, pages1to16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS7175:1989 BSI 03-1999 1 Section 1. General 1 Sco
21、pe This British Standard describes methods of test for the ignitability of bedcovers and pillows when subjected to smouldering and flaming types of ignition sources of differing severities. It is divided into five sections as follows. Section 1: General; Section 2: Pillows and continental quilts tes
22、ted with smouldering and flaming ignition sources; Section 3: Individual bedcovers (including mattress cases and covers, sheets, pillowslips, blankets, bedspreads and continental quilt covers) tested with smouldering and flaming ignition sources; Section 4: Composites of known bedcovers and pillows
23、tested with smouldering and flaming ignition sources; Section 5: Final examination of test specimens and test report. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions
24、 apply. 2.1 ignition source a source of energy that is used to ignite combustible materials or products 2.2 primary source the initial heat supply in a test 2.3 progressive smouldering an exothermic oxidation not accompanied by flaming which is self-propagating, i.e. independent of the ignition sour
25、ce, and may be accompanied by incandescence 2.4 flaming combustion in the gaseous phase with the emission of light 2.5 flammability the ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified test conditions 2.6 ignitability a measure of the ease with which a material, product or compo
26、nent can be ignited (see 3.1) 2.7 bed a mattress placed on top of a bed base with no other bedding items present 2.8 bedcovers a general term for all items placed on the bed by a user to provide comfort and warmth. It includes sheets, blankets, bedspreads, continental quilts, continental quilt cover
27、s and mattress covers 2.9 made-up bed a bed prepared for use by covering with bedcovers, tucking these between the mattress and bed base, positioning pillows with pillowslips and turning down sheets and blankets at the head end of the bed NOTEIndividual styles vary in detail depending on the user. 2
28、.10 bed assembly a stack of successive layers of mattress and various bed covers, with or without pillow and pillowslip, representing a section through the centre of a made-up bed 2.11 bed base a structure that supports the mattress 2.12 hole a break in the fabric at least2mm 2mm in size caused by m
29、elting, glowing or flaming. If the hole is crossed by any material it is to be described as discontinuous. 2.13 mattress a product in the form of a resilient material, or padding material in combination with steel springs, enveloped by a mattress case 2.14 mattress case (ticking) a primary covering
30、material that is not intended to be removed from the mattress 2.15 mattress cover a secondary covering material that can be removed for laundering purposes, etc.BS7175:1989 2 BSI 03-1999 3 Criteria of ignition 3.1 General For the purposes of this British Standard, ignition is considered to be initia
31、tion of combustion of the test specimen followed by sustained combustion as indicated by one of the following types of behaviour. a) Extensive combustion. The test specimen is essentially consumed within the specified time (see 3.2), i.e. the length of specimen consumed is greater than400mm in any t
32、wo orthogonal directions. b) Flaming combustion. Any flaming of the test specimen initiated by the smouldering cigarette (ignition source0), or any flaming of the test specimen at the specified time (see 3.2) when using flaming ignition sources (1to7). c) Progressive smouldering. Any smouldering of
33、the test specimen producing detectable amounts of glow, heat or smoke at the specified time (see3.2). d) Concealed smouldering. Any smouldering which can not be detected externally because of the thickness or structure of the test specimen but which is detected on dismantling the test specimen60min
34、after placement of the ignition source (see clause 20). 3.2 Specified times The specified times for assessment of sustained combustion shall be as follows: a) for smouldering cigarette ignition source0,60min after placement of the cigarette; b) for butane flame ignition sources1to3, 120s after remov
35、al of the ignition flame; c) for crib ignition sources4and5, 10min after ignition of the crib; d) for crib ignition sources6and7, 13min after ignition of the crib; e) for composite test specimens, e.g. pillows, quilts and bedcover assemblies, and for multilayer test specimens, e.g. smouldering cigar
36、ette placed between folded layers, if combustion has not been detected the test specimen shall be dismantled and examined for concealed smouldering60min after placement of the ignition source (see clause 20). 4 General principle A test specimen is placed on a mineral wool fibre pad (MWFP) and subjec
37、ted to smouldering and flaming ignition sources placed on top of and/or below the test specimen. NOTEThe range of intensity of the sources has been selected to imitate that of actual sources that might be encountered in various end use environments. 5 Health and safety of operators NOTEThere is cons
38、iderable risk with these tests and it is essential that suitable precautions be taken, which may include the provision of breathing apparatus and protective clothing. 5.1 Enclosure For safety, the tests shall be conducted in a suitable fume cupboard or purpose-built room so that individuals are not
39、exposed to any fumes (see 6.4). 5.2 Extinguishers Readily accessible means of extinguishing the test specimens shall be provided. NOTE 1For preference, water should be provided for smouldering fires and a fire extinguisher should be provided for flaming fires. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are not su
40、itable for extinguishing test specimens. NOTE 2Extinction of specimens may be difficult and care should be taken that they are only disposed of when completely inert. It may be necessary to immerse smouldering specimens in water, or place them in a sealed non-combustible enclosure. To ensure complet
41、e safety other suitable steps may have to be taken. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Test rig (see Figure 1) consisting of a platform of expanded steel or open mesh supported at least75mm above a solid base. When testing with ignition sources below the test specimen the platform shall be380 50mm above the solid base
42、. NOTEWhen testing a full size bedcover assembly it may be necessary to use an actual bed base for ignition from below. The rig is sited within the enclosure (see 6.4) and the testing is performed in a draught-free environment permitting an adequate supply of air. 6.2 Stop clock, reading to the near
43、est second. 6.3 Ignition sources, as described in sections 2 to 4. 6.4 Test enclosure, consisting of either a room with a volume greater than20m 3 , which contains adequate oxygen for testing, or a smaller enclosure with a through flow of air equipped with inlet and extraction systems. Air flow rate
44、s shall be between0.02m/s and0.2m/s in the locality of the test specimen position. These limits provide adequate oxygen without disturbing the burning behaviour. 6.5 Mineral wool fibre pad, complying with BS 5803-1, of nominal dimensions450mm 450mm 25mm thickness (see Figure 2). 6.6 Adjustable suppo
45、rt, for locating crib ignition sources4to7at the specified distances below the test specimen (see 10.2, 14.2 and clause 18)BS7175:1989 BSI 03-1999 3 Figure 1 Test rigBS7175:1989 4 BSI 03-1999 7 Conditioning and testing 7.1 Conditioning The materials to be tested and the ignition sources shall be con
46、ditioned immediately before the test for72h in indoor ambient conditions and then for at least16h in an atmosphere having a temperature of20 5 C and a relative humidity of65 5 %. 7.2 Testing For testing, a draught-free environment having a temperature of15C to30C and a relative humidity of55 20 shal
47、l be used. If the test is not carried out immediately after conditioning, place the conditioned specimens in a sealed container until the start of the test. Begin testing each specimen within10min of removing it from either the conditioning atmosphere or the sealed container. Figure 2 Test rig and m
48、ineral wool fibre padBS7175:1989 BSI 03-1999 5 Section 2. Pillows and continental quilts tested with smouldering and flaming ignition sources 8 General In this section of this standard a pillow or continental quilt or smaller specimen of a quilt is tested. The ignition sources used are the smoulderi
49、ng and/or flaming ignition sources described in BS 5852-1 and BS 5852-2 (see Table 1). The source may be positioned either above or below the test specimen. NOTEThe minimum source required for ignition may be different in the two arrangements. Table 1 Tests with smouldering and flaming ignition sources for pillows and continental quilts 9 Test specimens 9.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the components and make-up of the finished item. 9.2 For pillows, the test specimen shall be a full sized item. 9.3 For co
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