BS 753-1987 Schedule for density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid《硫酸水溶液密度-成份一览表》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED JANUARY1993 BS753:1987 Schedule for Density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid UDC 531.756(083.4/.6):546.226325BS753:1987 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committeewas published unde

2、rthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 23December1987 BSI 01-2000 First published September1937 First revision February1959 Second revision December1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LBC/5 Draft for comment 86/50537 DC ISBN 0 5

3、80 16220 6 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee (LBC/-) to Technical Committee LBC/5, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Laboratory Ware Association Department of T

4、rade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Department of Trade and Industry (National Weights and Measures Laboratory) Institute of Brewing Institute of Petroleum National Sulphuric Acid Association Royal Society of Chemistry Scientific Glassware Association Scotch Whisky Association S

5、ociety of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS753:1987 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Basis of Table 1 1 3 Application of Table 1 1 Appendix A Correction of readings taken on BS hydromete

6、rs 52 Appendix B BS hydrometers available for use in conjunction with the tables 55 Appendix C Examples of the use of Table 1 in conjunction with BS hydrometers 55 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid 2 Table 2 Corrections to be applied to obtain density at t 52

7、Table 3 Temperature corrections for BS hydrometers 53 Table 4 Surface tensions of aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid at20 C 53 Table 5 Maximum errors introduced by ignoring surface tensionwhenreadingBS hydrometers, adjusted for55mN/m, in aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid in an ordinary hydrometer

8、 jar 54 Table 6 Maximum errors due to omission of all corrections toBShydrometersadjusted for55mN/m 54 Table 7 BS hydrometers available for use in aqueous solutionsofsulphuricacid 56 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS753:1987 ii BSI 01-2000 Foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared u

9、nder the direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee. This BritishStandard was first published in1937 and was revised in1959. This revision supersedes the1959 edition which is withdrawn. The UnitedKingdom participated in the preparation by Technical Committee TC47, Chemistry, of the In

10、ternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) of the related ISO Recommendation ISO/R911:1968, but disapproved it on technical grounds. The UnitedKingdom maintained the disapproval when ISO/R911:1968 was converted to ISO911:1977. Together with hydrometers the tables provide a simple means of de

11、termining the strength of any given aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, or making up a solution of known strength. The tables may, or course, be used with other methods of determining density (for example, seeBS733). The previous edition of this BritishStandard made reference to density and specific

12、 gravity hydrometers complying with BS718:1953. When BS718 was revised in1979 it was aligned as far as possible with the intentions of Technical Committee48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The term “specific gravity” was repla

13、ced by “relative density”, scales of relative density were excluded, and scales marked in kilograms per cubic metre were introduced as an alternative to grams per millilitre. Users who had a continuing need for relative density hydrometres (d 60/60 F) were referred to ISO650. The readings of a60/60

14、F relative density hydrometer can readily be corrected (seeAppendix A) to yield density (inkg/m 3 ) of the liquid at the temperature at which the hydrometer is used. Within1 to2 parts in1000, readings at a temperature t (in C) of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer can be taken as the density (inkg

15、/m 3 ) at t. To an accuracy which is very frequently adequate (within1 part in1000), the reading at a temperature t between10 C and40 C on a20 C or15 C density hydrometer complying with BS718 may be accepted as the density (inkg/m 3 ) of the liquid at t. Density and relative density hydrometers ther

16、efore may often be used without correction. Appendix A gives information on how the highest accuracy can be obtained. Recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in connection with these tables are given in Appendix B. Appendix C gives examples of the use of density-composition

17、tables in conjunction with these hydrometers. The principal differences between BS753:1959 and this edition are: a) density, in Table 1, is given in kilograms per cubic metre instead of grams per millilitre; b) SI units have been used throughout and, where applicable, the tables have been recomputed

18、; c) recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with Table 1 have been revised to accord with BS718; d) the temperature calculations given in Table 3 have been computed using the value of the thermal cubical expansion coefficient quoted in ISO1768 for use in the

19、preparation of measurement tables for liquids.BS753:1987 BSI 01-2000 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer i

20、mmunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, pages1 to58, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the

21、amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS753:1987 BSI 01-2000 1 1 Scope This BritishStandard gives a table that enables the composition of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid to be determined from its density at temperatures between10 C and40 C. Appendix A gives information on the corre

22、ctions which are necessary when density is determined by a hydrometer complying with BS718 1) . Appendix B gives information on the choice of BS hydrometers that are suitable for the determination of density of sulphuric acid solutions. Appendix C gives examples of the use of a BS hydrometer in conj

23、unction with Table 1. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Basis of Table 1 Table 1 is based on data obtained from the International Critical Tables,1928, Vol.III, page56, which are still accepted as authoritative. It should be observ

24、ed that the table relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air. 3 Application of Table 1 3.1 Determination of D t Table 1 is arranged primarily for ease in determining the strength of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid of known density. The density of a solution of known strength can, however, be

25、 obtained quite readily from the table. Moreover, by the application of small allowances (seeAppendix A) Table 1 can be used to find the strength of solutions of known relative density or the relative density of solutions of known strength. Consider, for example, a solution containing10g of H 2 SO 4

26、in100g of solution, i.e.one for which g=10. By looking up the value of D tcorresponding to the valueg=10 under any particular temperature in Table 1, the density of the solution at that temperature can be obtained. Thus, for example, the density of the solution is1070kg/m 3at10 C,1066kg/m 3at20 C, e

27、tc.Due allowance, based on the density of water at the various temperatures concerned, can then be made to find the corresponding relative densities at the same temperature as the acid. It should be observed that the percentage composition g of a solution is independent of its temperature, butG, the

28、 number of grams of sulphuric acid in1L of solution, varies with the temperature of the solution owing to the change in volume of the solution with change in temperature. Hence, the concentration G should always be associated with a particular temperature. For a given value of G applicable at a part

29、icular temperature, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density of the solution at the specified temperature or at any other temperature within the range of the table. The value of G for the solution at temperatures other than the specified one can also be obtained. For example, consider a solution1L

30、of which, at20 C, contains200g of H 2 SO 4 . In Table 1 the value of D tcorresponding to G=200 under20 C is1123kg/m 3and the corresponding value of g is17.8g. By tracing the value g=17.8g through the table, and interpolating where necessary, the density D tat various temperatures of the solution con

31、taining200g of H 2 SO 4in1L of solution at20 C can be obtained and also the number of grams of H 2 SO 4in1L of the solution at various temperatures. The following are examples of values which may thus be obtained. 1) From hereon referred to as a BS hydrometer. t H 2 SO 4in100g of solution Density of

32、 solution at t H 2 SO 4in1L of solution at t C 10 20 30 40 g 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 kg/m 3 1128 1123 1117 1111 g 200 200 198 198BS753:1987 2 BSI 01-2000 3.2 Double entries Between D t =1811kg/m 3and D t =1846kg/m 3two values of g and two of G are given against certain values of D t . This is necessary

33、because the density of mixtures of sulphuric acid and water attains a maximum value at a concentration of approximately97g of sulphuric acid in100g of solution. Hence, over a small range on each side of the maximum, there are two possible concentrations for each particular density. Both values are g

34、iven in Table 1, the values for the less concentrated solution being given in light type and those for the more concentrated solution in bold type. Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid D tis the density (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a tempera

35、ture t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the density D t , and that the reading of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001greater than D t/1000(seeAppendix A). g is the mass (ing) of

36、H 2 SO 4in100g mass of solution. G is the mass (ing) of H 2 SO 4in a quantity of solution occupying1L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. t 10 C 12 C 14 C 16 C 18 C 20 C 22 C D t g G g G g G g G g G g G g G 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1

37、015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 0 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 36 37 39 40 42

38、 43 45 46 48 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 27 29 30 32 33 35 36 38 40 41 43 44 46 47 49 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3

39、 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 1 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 49 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 1 3 4

40、6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 32 33 35 36 38 39 41 42 44 46 47 49 50 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 45

41、46 48 49 51 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 35 36 38 39 41 43 44 46 47 49 51 52 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.

42、6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 37 39 40 42 44 45 47 48 50 52 53BS753:1987 BSI 01-2000 3Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid D tis the density (mass per unit volume

43、) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the density D t , and that the reading of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001greater than D t/1000(

44、seeAppendix A). g is the mass (ing) of H 2 SO 4in100g mass of solution. G is the mass (ing) of H 2 SO 4in a quantity of solution occupying1L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. 24 C 26 C 28 C 30 C 32 C 34 C 36 C 38 C 40 C t g G g G g G g G g G g G g G g G g G D t 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0

45、 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 29 30 32 33 35 37 38 40 41 43 45 46 48 49 51 53 54 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8

46、4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 22 23 25 26 28 30 31 33 34 36 38 39 41 43 44 46 47 49 51 52 54 56 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 20 21 23

47、24 26 27 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 44 45 47 48 50 52 53 55 56 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 21 22 24 25 27 29 30 32 33 35 37 38 40 41 43 45 46 48 50 51 53 54 56 58 0.8 0.9

48、1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 19 20 22 23 25 27 28 30 31 33 35 36 38 40 41 43 44 46 48 49 51 53 54 56 57 59 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8

49、 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.8 9 10 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 37 39 41 42 44 46 47 49 50 52 54 55 57 59 60 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 44 45 47 49 50 52 53 55 57 58 60 62 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.1 11 13 14