1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 7543:2015Guide to durability ofbuildings and buildingelements, products andcomponentsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI
2、Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85379 1ICS 91.040.01; 91.060.01The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference CB/101Draft for comment 14/30295128 DCPublication historyFirst published March 1992Second edition July 2003Third (current) edition April 2015Amendm
3、ents issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7543:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 34 Requirements for durability 55 Researching and calculating durability 86 Service life assessment 8AnnexesAnnex A (in
4、formative) Climatic agents affecting durability 18Annex B (informative) Guidance on materials and durability 24Annex C (informative) Examples of UK material or component failures 33Annex D (informative) Design life data sheet: Worked example for facadecomponents 35Annex E (informative) Further Readi
5、ng and sources of information ondurability 38Bibliography 40List of figuresFigure 1 Degradation of a component and its relation to service lifedistributions and physical modelling (Method 2) 9Figure 2 Approaches to service life planning (based on BS ISO 15686-2) 12Figure 3 Decision process in suppor
6、t of categorization of design life 13Figure 4 Phases of the life cycle 17List of tablesTable 1 Categories of design life 5Table 2 Categories of effects of failure 6Table 3 Examples of effects of failure in different categories 14Table 4 Expression of durability (summary of guidance) 15Table B.1 Untr
7、eated timber durability hazards 28Table C.1 Examples of UK material or component failures 33Material or component 0Table D.1 Design life data sheet 36Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITI
8、SH STANDARD BS 7543:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 April 2015. It wasprepared by Technical Committee CB/101, Servic
9、e Life Planning. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 7543:2003, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principa
10、lchanges. Terms and definitions have been updated to reflect the BS ISO 15686 series. The basis of risk assessment for estimating durability has been revised (seeClause 5). The data on climate have been revised to reflect current understanding, inparticular in respect of climate change (see Annex A)
11、. Annex A gives guidance on the way agents can affect service life. Annex B gives guidance on standards and good practice for major buildingmaterials. Annex C describes some common examples of construction failure that haveoccurred reasonably recently where expectations of durability have not beenme
12、t. Annex D is an example of a completed design life data sheet showingapplication of the principles of this guidance to a specific system (buildingfacades). Annex E is an annotated list of further reading giving information sourceson topics covered in this guide. There is also a bibliography updated
13、 to reflect the current guidance.This revision of BS 7543 updates and reinstates certain areas covered inthe 1992 version. A series of International Standards, BS ISO 15686, Buildingsand constructed assets Service life planning, have been published since 2000.The provisions of BS ISO 15686 have repl
14、aced many of the provisions of theprevious edition of this standard. However, there are a number of elements ofthis standard which are complementary to BS ISO 15686. This edition of thestandard incorporates the complementary elements.As a guide, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andre
15、commendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the princi
16、pal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7543:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not pu
17、rport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7543:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 7543:2015This page
18、deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 2015IntroductionIn order to predict the durability and the possible overall life of buildings, manyfactors need to be considered. These include practitioners experience ofcomponent or material durability in practice, results of assessments
19、and tests,and the possible effects of the actions of agents on different parts of thebuilding or civil engineering structures. It is also important that this informationis communicated clearly to the client and the project team so that the long-termperformance implications of proposed designs can be
20、 understood and agreed.For simplicity the term “parts” has been used throughout to cover both wholebuildings and building elements, products and components.Predicting durability is not an exact science, but a risk-based approach to theconsideration of failure and acceptable service life. Values calc
21、ulated for thepredicted service life of a building and its parts can sometimes be no more thanan informed estimation (for example, for novel materials or for unusualcombinations of specific project circumstances). It is usually helpful to state thefacts, assumptions and references on which the value
22、s are based.Predictions of the durability of buildings have to take into account thevariability of operating conditions, environment, workmanship, the quality andfrequency of maintenance and the practical problems surrounding the storage,handling, installing and inspection of materials or components
23、 on a constructionsite. Maintaining, repairing and replacing buildings and assets across many sitesor projects can provide a wealth of experience(s) on durability. However, there isa lack of systematically collated data that can form a basis from which durabilitycan be accurately predicted for futur
24、e projects.NOTE 1 Although BS 5760 dealt comprehensively with reliability, maintainabilityand availability, in all industries, it was considered necessary to provide a separatepublication specifically for the construction industry. Many of the parts ofBS 5760 (but not all) have been superseded by ap
25、plicable CEN standards, and one inparticular is relevant which is BS EN 60812 which describes failure mode effect andcriticality analysis (FMECA). Specific guidance on the durability of particular parts ofbuildings is given in many other British Standards, some of which are referred to inAnnex B and
26、 Annex C. The design life of parts of a building will often need to beless than the design life of the whole building and this can be perfectly compatiblewith the usage and refurbishment cycles of normal building occupancy. However,achieving adequate durability without excessive expenditure or consu
27、mption ofscarce resources is essential for achieving sustainability.NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the Construction Products Directive 1.NOTE 3 Further guidance on improving the collection of data from buildingsduring their in-use phase can be found in BS ISO 15686-7.1 ScopeThis British Standard gives
28、 guidance on durability, design life and predictedservice life of buildings, constructed assets and their parts. It applies to bothnew and existing buildings.This standard also gives guidance on communicating and recording informationon the service and design life of buildings, infrastructure and th
29、eir componentsand/or assets when a detailed brief is being developed.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7543:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 1The principles of this British Standard are applicable to civil engineering projectsand the guidance is written for all members of a construction project or faci
30、litiesmanagement team who provide or require information on durability, includingclients, designers, contractors, specialists, manufacturers and those responsiblefor maintenance. It might also be relevant to funders, insurers and thoseundertaking due diligence assessments for investment purposes. It
31、 also appliesto situations when new products offer better performance without acorresponding increase in cost.This British Standard does not cover aspects of obsolescence and fashion, i.e.when buildings, infrastructure or assets are replaced or altered either to suitdifferent needs and changing cond
32、itions including change of use and mandatoryrequirements.NOTE 1 A decision to replace or alter obsolete buildings or their assets might beinfluenced by a reassessment of their predicted service lives. BS ISO 15686-1:2011,Clause 8 gives further guidance on obsolescence.NOTE 2 More durability guidance
33、 specific to individual sectors is available frombodies such as the Highways Agency and engineering institutions.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edi
34、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS EN 15643-1, Sustainability of construction works Sustainability assessment ofbuildings Part 1: General frameworkBS EN 15643-2, Sustainability of construction works Assessmen
35、t of buildings Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performanceBS EN 15643-3, Sustainability of construction works Assessment of buildings Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performanceBS EN 15643-4, Sustainability of construction works Assessment of buildings Part 4: Fr
36、amework for the assessment of economic performanceBS ISO 6707-1, Buildings and civil engineering works Vocabulary Part 1:General termsBS ISO 6707-2, Buildings and civil engineering works Vocabulary Part 2:Contract termsBS ISO 15686-2:2012, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part
37、2: Service life prediction proceduresBS ISO 15686-5, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part 5:Life cycle costingBS ISO 15686-7, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part 7:Performance evaluation for feedback of service life data from practiceBS ISO 15686-9:2008
38、, Buildings and constructed assets Service-life planning Part 9: Guidance on assessment of service life dataBS ISO 15686-10:2010, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part 10: When to assess functional performanceBS ISO 15686-11:2014, Buildings and constructed assets Service life p
39、lanning Part 11: TerminologyBRITISH STANDARDBS 7543:20152 The British Standards Institution 20153 Terms, definitions and abbreviationsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given inBS ISO 15686-11, BS ISO 6707-1, BS ISO 6707-2, and the following apply.3.1 agentwhatever
40、acts on a building or its parts to adversely affect its performanceEXAMPLE Person, water, load, heat.SOURCE: BS ISO 15686-2:2012, 3.1.43.2 assetwhole building structure or unit of construction works, or a system orcomponent or part thereofNOTE Component has been used to include both materials (e.g.
41、sand or cement)and assemblies (e.g. cladding).SOURCE: BS ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.13.3 componentproduct manufactured as a distinct unit to serve a specific function or functionsSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-2:2012, 3.1.63.4 degradationprocess whereby an action on an item causes a deterioration of one or moreprop
42、ertiesSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-2:2012, 3.1.73.5 design life (DL)DEPRECATED: intended service life; expected service lifeservice life intended by the designerNOTE As stated by the designer to the client to support specification decisions.SOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.33.6 durabilityability of a building
43、 and its parts to perform its required function over a periodof time and under the influence of agents3.7 durability limitpoint at which loss of performance leads to the end of the service life3.8 environmentnatural, man-made or induced external and internal conditions that caninfluence performance
44、and use of a building and its partsSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.43.9 estimated service life (ESL)service life that a building or parts of a building would be expected to have in aset of specific in-use conditions, determined from the reference service life dataafter taking into account any differe
45、nces from the reference in-use conditionsSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.73.10 failureloss of the ability of a building or its parts to perform a specified functionSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.9BRITISH STANDARD BS 7543:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 33.11 life cycleconsecutive and inte
46、rlinked stages of the object under considerationNOTE 1 The life cycle comprises all stages from construction, operation andmaintenance to end of life, including decommissioning, deconstruction and disposal.NOTE 2 Adapted from the definition of life cycle contained in BS ENISO 14040, 7.1.SOURCE: BS I
47、SO 15686-5:2008, 3.3.43.12 maintenancecombination of all technical and associated administrative actions during theservice life to retain a building, or its parts, in a state in which it can perform itsrequired functionsSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.133.13 performanceDEPRECATED: performance in-useq
48、ualitative level of a critical property at any point in time consideredSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.153.14 performance requirementDEPRECATED: performance criterionminimum acceptable level of a critical propertySOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.193.15 predicted service lifeservice life predicted from
49、performance recorded over time in accordance withthe procedure described in BS ISO 15686-2SOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.203.16 reference service life (RSL)service life of a product, component, assembly or system which is known to beexpected under a particular set, i.e. a reference set, of in-use conditions andwhich can form the basis for estimating the service life under other in-useconditionsSOURCE: BS ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.223.17 service lifeperiod of time afte
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