BS 7611-1992 Specification for potato storage boxes for mechanical handling《机械运输用土豆储藏箱规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7611:1992 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Potato storage boxes for mechanical handlingBS7611:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was publishedunder the authority oft

2、he Standards Board and comesinto effect on 15November1992 BSI 04-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/14 Draft for comment 91/43940 DC ISBN 0 580 21253 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standar

3、d was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Fibreboard Packaging Association Forestry Commission Health and Safety Executive Institute of Trading Standards Administ

4、ration Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Potato Marketing Board Road Haulage Association Ltd. Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation Timber Research and Development Association The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through sub

5、committees and panels; British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd. North of Scotland College of Agriculture UK Softwood Sawmillers Association United Kingdom Wood Processors Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 7763 June 1993 Indicated by a sideline i

6、n the marginBS7611:1992 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Informative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Dimensions 2 5 Strength classes 3 6 Design 3 7 Performance 3 8 Test report 6 9 Marking 6 Annex A (normative) Bowing resistan

7、ce test 7 Annex B (normative) Deck stiffness test 8 Annex C (normative) Diagonal racking test 9 Annex D (normative) Compression test 10 Annex E (informative) Design recommendations for potato storage boxes manufactured from wood and wood-based sheet materials 11 Annex F (informative) Guidance to use

8、rs on the selection and safe use of potato storage boxes 12 Annex G (informative) Positive ventilation of potato storage boxes 14 Figure 1 Convention for potato storage box component and box dimensions 2 Figure A.1 An example of suitable test apparatus: bowing resistance test 7 Figure B.1 Deck stiff

9、ness test apparatus 8 Figure C.1 Examples of suitable diagonal racking test apparatus 9 Figure D.1 An example of suitable test apparatus, full box compression test 10 Figure D.2 Schematic diagram, corner post compression test 11 Figure D.3 Corner post compression test, load centre position with sing

10、le and double corner posts 11 Table 1 Bowing resistance end test, maximum deflections 4 Table 2 Deck stiffness test, maximum deflections 5 Table 3 Diagonal rocking end test, maximum horizontal deflections 5 Table 4 Diagonal racking side test, maximum horizontal deflections 5 Table D.1 Load applicati

11、on rates and duration of load for boxes under test 12 List of references Inside back coverBS7611:1992 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This British Standard was prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, at the request of the Potato Marketing Board. It is

12、 based on the findings of a research project sponsored jointly by the Department of Trade and Industry, materials suppliers, manufacturers and users. BS7611 is primarily concerned with ensuring that potato storage boxes, containing a nominal one tonne of potatoes, are sufficiently strong to withstan

13、d the loads and forces encountered when handled or when stacked. The height of block stacks in stores has risen over the years and potato storage boxes are currently stacked up to eight high. Since the actual handling and stacking requirements may vary between users, three strength classes have been

14、 introduced, each related to a specific maximum safe stack height. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunit

15、y from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amend

16、ment table on theinside front cover.BS7611:1992 BSI 04-1999 1 Introduction Although this standard specifies general requirements for potato storage boxes and does not specify the materials of construction, it reflects the current position in that the tests have largely been developed using the most

17、widely used type of box, that constructed from sawn wood. Certain of the test procedures reflect this, but in principle the test methods are applicable to all potato storage boxes, whatever the material and method of construction. The tests specified in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C and Annex D are prot

18、otype tests, conducted to determine whether the potato storage box design meets the appropriate requirements of the standard. It is essential therefore that test prototypes are manufactured using the same methods of construction as those to be used in normal production. Materials used for test proto

19、types should be of the lowest quality likely to be used in production. The research project established that certain designs of sawn wood boxes in use at present may have difficulty achieving the performance requirements for the higher strength classes. Annex E therefore gives basic design guidance

20、for boxes made from wood and wood-based sheet materials. Annex F contains guidance for users on the selection and use of potato storage boxes and Annex G provides information on the specific requirements for boxes to be used in positive ventilation systems. 1 Scope This British Standard specifies di

21、mensions and design requirements together with prototype tests and related performance requirements, for potato storage boxes having a tare weight of up to150kg, intended to contain a maximum of1150kg 1)of potatoes for short and long term storage and designed for handling by conventional fork lift t

22、ruck handling systems, with or without box emptying mechanisms. NOTEPotato storage boxes supplied in kit form are not within the scope of this standard. 2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications cu

23、rrent at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 baseboard a board fastened directly below the bearers (see3.3) to distribute the

24、load more evenly into the box below when stacked. NOTEA baseboard may sometimes be referred to as a “bottom deckboard”, the term used in the context of pallets. 3.2 batten horizontal member fixed inside or outside the sides (see3.17) or ends (see3.9) of the potato storage box 3.3 bearer horizontal b

25、ase component, to which the deckboards (see3.8) are fixed, which serves to permit fork entry NOTETypically the bearers are bolted to the corner posts (see3.7). 3.4 block stacking the vertical stacking (see3.20) of potato storage boxes without recourse to intermediate shelves or rack beams, but with

26、the stacked boxes restrained on at least one side and one end by adjacent stacks 3.5 bracing diagonal members intended to give resistance to racking forces. These may be fixed singly (), or in pairs (/), or double (X) 3.6 closeboarded boards fastened in edge contact during box assembly allowing mini

27、mum air passage and light transmission 3.7 corner post corner member placed in a vertical position intended to resist vertical load and act as a connecting member between side and end 3.8 deck the base of the potato storage box which supports the contents. Typically in wooden boxes it consists of a

28、number of deckboards fastened directly above the bearers, usually spaced to allow ventilation, but it may be of sheet material 1) The potato storage boxes covered by the standard are normally referred to as “1 tonne” boxes but variations in the density of potatoes and the presence of soil may increa

29、se the mass of the contents above the nominal1tfigure.BS7611:1992 2 BSI 04-1999 3.9 end one of the two smaller vertical panels in a potato storage box. End width and height are given as overall external sizes including the base members. When assembled, the end length is known as the box width (see F

30、igure 1) 3.10 height the external vertical overall size, including the base 3.11 intermediate post member placed in an intermediate vertical position usually mid-way in the side (see3.17) of a box 3.12 nail bending strength the bending moment measured in Nm at the ultimate load sustained by the nail

31、 when tested in either3or4point bending configuration NOTENail bending strength should not be confused with nail withdrawal resistance (see3.13). 3.13 nail withdrawal resistance the resistance of the shank to withdrawal from timber when load is applied axially to the nail. Measured in N/mm of penetr

32、ation into timber 3.14 nail nominal diameter for profiled or unprofiled section nails, the nominal diameter is the shank diameter of the unprofiled part of the nail (nail stock wire diameter) 3.15 oriented strand board (OSB) three layered flakeboard in which the grain of the flakes in each of the la

33、yers is aligned, the orientation in the centre layer being across the board while the grain of the flakes in the surface layer lies parallel to the long axis of the board 3.16 racking the forcing out of square of box sides or ends 3.17 side one of the two longer vertical panels in a potato storage b

34、ox. Side length and height are given as overall sizes including the base. When assembled the side length is known as the box length (seeFigure 1). For square plan boxes, the side is the panel with the intermediate post (see3.11), if fitted; if no intermediate post is fitted, then the side is defined

35、 as the panel below which fork lift entry is made 3.18 slatted box a style of construction in which vertical or horizontal boards have distinct gaps between them, usually for ventilation purposes NOTEAlso known as open boarded or gapped. 3.19 tightboarded boards wedged together during box assembly w

36、here relative board movement induced by racking (see3.16) is restrained due to friction between the edges 3.20 vertical stacking boxes of equal size superimposed upon each other with no interlocking between the boxes of adjacent stacks 4 Dimensions 4.1 Plan dimensions The overall plan dimensions sha

37、ll be one of the following. Figure 1 Convention for potato storage boxcomponent and box dimensions Length of side Width of end Size code 1 830 mm 1 220 mm A 1 830 mm 1 195 mm B 1 805 mm 1 195 mm C 1 525 mm 1 195 mm D 1 290 mm 1 280 mm E 1 270 mm 1 270 mm FBS7611:1992 BSI 04-1999 3 The tolerances on

38、the above sizes shall be5mm. The difference between diagonals measured in plan shall be no greater than15mm. 4.2 Height The maximum and minimum heights shall be stated as follows. The tolerance on the stated nominal height shall be5mm. 4.3 Vertical dimensions related to handling by fork trucks The b

39、ase of the potato storage box shall be designed to allow the entry of forks on the two opposite sides only (two-way entry). The distance between the ground and the under surface of the deck shall not be less than92mm and not more than155mm. 5 Strength classes Potato storage boxes shall be separated

40、into three classes based upon performance as follows. 6 Design 6.1 General Potato storage boxes shall be designed to meet the contact requirements given in6.2 and the performance requirements given in clause7. 6.2 Contact between superimposed boxes 6.2.1 For classes8and6there shall be a minimum hori

41、zontal contact plan area between superimposed boxes of0.91% of the nominal plan area. NOTE 1The contact area requirement can be achieved by using four50mm100mm section rectangular corner posts on the1830mm1195mm plan size. For Class 4, there shall be a minimum horizontal contact plan area of0.68% of

42、 the nominal plan area. NOTE 2The contact area requirement can be achieved by using four50mm75mm section rectangular corner posts on the1830mm1195mm plan size. In calculating the contact area the following shall apply: a) intermediate posts designed to form fully supported columns throughout a stack

43、 shall have50% of their plan area taken into account; b) boards or sheet materials in sides or ends designed to make contact with the base of superimposed boxes, shall have1% of their area of contact taken into account. 6.2.2 The design shall ensure that, if a superimposed box is malpositioned in th

44、e horizontal plane by20mm in either the box length or width direction (not both), no more than one-third of the contact area specified in6.2.1 is lost. 6.2.3 Any design incorporating special interlocking features shall still comply with the requirements of6.2.1 and6.2.2. 7 Performance 7.1 General Pr

45、ototype potato storage boxes shall be submitted to the tests described in Annex A to Annex C, in the following sequence: a) bowing resistance test (see Annex A); b) deck stiffness test (see Annex B); c) diagonal end racking test (see Annex C); d) diagonal side racking test (see Annex C). NOTEThe tes

46、ts listed in a) to d) may be carried out on the same prototype. A further prototype shall be subjected to either the full box compression test described inD.2.1 or the corner post compression test described in D.2.2, except that where the potato storage box has four or six continuous vertical posts

47、and the manufacturer can produce documentary evidence of successful results from a compression test on boxes having the same number of vertical posts, of similar material and of the same or a smaller cross section, the test requirement is waived. Size codes A, B and C 1 070 mm max.; 885 mm min. Size

48、 code D 1 220 mm max.; 885 mm min. Size codes E andF 1 270 mm max.; 885 mm min. a) Class 8. Suitable for up to8high stacking when filled. Class8boxes are also suitable for constant use in mechanical handling operations. b) Class 6. Suitable for up to6high stacking when filled. Class6boxes are not su

49、itable for frequent use in mechanical handling operations, which involve tipping full boxes of potatoes, unless the box is clamped and racking movement limited. c) Class 4. Suitable for up to4high stacking. Class4boxes are not suitable for use in mechanical handling operations which involve tipping full boxes of potatoes, unless the box is clamped and racking movement eliminated.BS7611:1992 4 BSI 04-1999 7.2 Requirements 7.2.1 Bowing resistance test 7.2.1.1 Side When the prototype potato storage box is tested in accordance with An