1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 7827:2011Code of practice fordesigning, specifying,maintaining and operatingemergency sound systemsat sports venuesPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice
2、 displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 61726 3ICS 13.320; 33.160.30; 97.220.01The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference EPL/100Draft for comment 11/30176548 DCPublication historyFirst published July 19
3、96Second (current) edition published September 2011Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7827:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiSection 1: General 10 Introduction 11 Scope 22 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 24 Standards and guidance with performance requirement
4、s 6Section 2: Planning and assessment 85 Procurement 86 Need for emergency sound systems at sports venues 87 Exchange of information and responsibilities 108 Planning considerations 109 When a system is PA but not PAVA 1110 Variations from the recommendations of this standard 1211 The importance of
5、a performance specification 13Section 3: Engineering 1412 Location and environment of emergency microphones 1413 Electro-acoustic modelling 1414 Audio source priorities 1515 Loudspeaker zones 1616 Loudspeakers 1717 Power amplifiers 1718 Headroom 1719 Sound pressure levels, frequency response and int
6、elligibility 1820 Networked systems 1921 Electricity supplies 2222 Cabling Integrity of circuits 2423 Structural integrity of mounting hardware 2424 Integrity and fault monitoring 2425 Maintainability 2626 Engineering for a sustainable environment 26Section 4: Commissioning and handover 3027 Noise i
7、mpact during alignment and testing 3028 Test and alignment signals 3129 Commissioning 3230 Acceptance 3231 Measurements for verification of compliance 3332 Documentation 34Section 5: User responsibilities 3833 Restriction of access to system controls 3834 Personnel 3935 Pre-event checks 4036 Announc
8、ements and announcer training 41AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Design target matrices 42Annex B (informative) Testing and commissioning method statement 47Annex C (informative) Assessments for acceptability and verification 49Annex D (informative) Electro-acoustics Concepts and clarification of scope
9、52Annex E (informative) Speech intelligibility 55Annex F (informative) Intelligibility The integrity of the signal beingmeasured 57Annex G (normative) Speech intelligibility objective measurement 59Annex H (informative) Listening tests 59Annex I (informative) Measurement definitions associated with
10、sound 60BRITISH STANDARD BS 7827:2011 BSI 2011 iAnnex J (informative) Speech-spectrum shaped noise signal 61Bibliography 62List of figuresFigure 1 Hierarchy of sound systems 12Figure 2 Intelligibility categories by STI 19Figure3Anexample of a networked system 20Figure F.1 Typical steady-state output
11、/input characteristics 58Figure J.1 Speech spectrum shaped noise 61List of tablesTable 1 Intelligibility categories 19Table 2 Access levels 38Table A.1 Example form of generic design target matrix for a sports venue44Table A.2 Example of a specific design target matrix for a sports venue 45Table A.3
12、 Typical characteristics for a given frequency response 46Table J.1 Speech-spectrum shaped noise signal 61Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 62, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7827:2011ii BSI 2011ForewordPu
13、blishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effecton 30 September 2011. It was prepared by Technical Committee EPL/100, Audio,video and multimedia systems and equipment. A list of organizationsrepresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.S
14、upersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 7827:1996, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThis British Standard has been drafted to complement and avoid conflict withother standards with similar scope, but not specifically for sports venues,notably: BS 5839 (part 8 in particul
15、ar); BS EN 54 (all parts); and ISO 7240 (parts 16 and 19 in particular).See the introduction for further information.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges. Cross references to other standards have been updated. These are
16、 mostly inrelation to voice alarm systems used in conjunction with fire detection andalarm systems. References to speech intelligibility have been updated to reflect advances intechnology and practical experience. More guidance has been given on design criteria. Information has been provided to help
17、 the purchaser understand the needto allow sufficient funding to enable a properly functioning system to beengineered. Environmental issues have been taken into account.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be qu
18、oted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsT
19、he provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative e
20、lement.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7827:2011 BSI 2011 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligatio
21、ns.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7827:2011iv BSI 2011Section 1: General0 IntroductionThis standard specifically applies to sports venues. Sports venues include avariety of building types and typically consist of enclosed, covered and openspaces all within the same venue. Design standards apply to all sports ve
22、nuebuildings as they do to any other public facility. More specifically, fire standardssuch as BS 5839 (and Part 8 on voice alarm systems in particular) as well asBS EN 54 and ISO 7240-19 on sound systems for emergency purposes apply inthe normal wayContained within many, but not all, sports venues
23、are buildings and spaces thatwarrant special attention with regard to the most effective way to inform andmanage spectators and other members of the public through the safe and clearuse of the emergency sound system. Important factors and characteristics includethe following. Sports venues often con
24、tain spaces designed to hold members of the publicwho do not know any pre-planned evacuation procedures. Sports venues often contain spaces designed to hold spectators in highnumbers and densities, which introduces the requirement for effectivegeneral crowd control as well as during dangerous situat
25、ions, such as bombthreat, civil commotion and fire. Sports venues often contain large open-air areas, such as the pitch of acricket ground or the track-side of a racetrack. The fact that these spaces donot pose a risk in terms of fire, does not preclude them from crowd-relatedrisks such as that of p
26、eople returning to a building which is in an evacuationstatus; a reliable and effective means to communicate with occupants is stillparamount for such areas. Effective and intelligible emergency sound systems can be used, not only toprovide clear and useful commentary to spectators, but also to prov
27、ideentertainment quality music, audio for video replay, advertising, etc. It isthese non-emergency enhancements which can be usefully integrated withthe emergency requirements and thus give added value to the system. Sports venues may be put to a range of uses beyond the primary use, insome cases ou
28、tnumbering the occasions of primary usage in the annualevent schedule; the emergency sound system may therefore have multiplemodes of operation, including that of a voice alarm.It is therefore important that this standard not only interfaces with otherstandards in a non-conflicting manner, but also
29、introduces parameters andrequirements which are not usually found in built spaces for which the genericstandards (e.g. BS 5839-8:2008) are intended. An example of the latter would bethat in large venues, the sound pressure level needed to produce intelligiblecommunication at the listener can probabl
30、y only be achieved using products notdesigned for the usual voice alarm market and therefore not type approved. Therisk assessment process can therefore be used to demonstrate that the proposedsolution achieves the same level of integrity specifically in situ as well asachieving the required perform
31、ance.Useful guidance can also be found in The Guide to Safety at Sports Groundspublished by The Football Licensing Authority on behalf of the Department forCulture, Media and Sport (commonly referred to as the “Green Guide” 1), and,for pop concerts, The Event Safety Guide 2.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7827:
32、2011 BSI 2011 11 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations and guidance for the design,specification, maintenance and operation of permanently installed soundsystems used for emergency purposes at sports venues.It aims to ensure that, in an emergency, voiced messages are intelligible in allpa
33、rts of the sports venue to which the public have access, no matter what typeof event is taking place, as well as those areas outside the sports venue that thesystem is intended to serve.This standard applies irrespective of whether or not a special sound system isinstalled for an event.2 Normative r
34、eferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 5839-8:2008, Fire detection and fire alar
35、m systems for buildings Part 8: Codeof practice for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of voicealarm systemsBS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IEE Wiring RegulationsBS EN 60268-16, Sound system equipment Part 16: Objective rating of speechintelligibility by speec
36、h transmission index BS 6840-16, IEC 60268-163 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 area of circulationarea where the public can move freely from one compartment to another, suchas concourses, stairways and pathways3.2 area of congregat
37、ionarea of a venue which causes a restriction to the natural flow of people such asa turnstile, gate or, to a lesser extent, a merchandizing or catering booth withinthe confines of a compartment3.3 area of coveragearea, inside and/or outside a building, adequately covered by the voice alarmsystem3.4
38、 area of dispersalarea outside the main structure of the venue which has a minimum ofrestrictions to the flow of people; such as car parks, grassed areas, roadwayswhich are not public highways, etc.3.5 audibilityproperty of a sound which allows it to be heard among other sounds3.6 automatic modemode
39、 of operation of a voice alarm system which does not require manualintervention3.7 certificate holderperson or legal entity to whom a current safety certificate has been grantedBRITISH STANDARDBS 7827:20112 BSI 20113.8 clarityproperty of a sound which allows its information-bearing components to bed
40、istinguished by the listener, related to the freedom of the sound fromdistortion of all kindsNOTE There are three kinds of distortion involved in the reduction of clarity of aspeech signal in an electro acoustic system:a) time domain distortion, due to reflection and reverberation in the acousticdom
41、ain;b) frequency distortion, due to non-uniform frequency response of transducers andselective absorption of high frequencies in acoustic transmission;c) amplitude distortion, due to non-linearity in electronic equipment andtransducers.3.9 clippingshort term inability of an amplifier to provide the
42、voltage required3.10 compartmentpart of a structure separated from all other parts of the same structure by walls,ceilings or floors3.11 control pointarea which contains an announcement microphone (with or without a zonecontrol panel) or an area which contains a control panel for any part of a sound
43、system3.12 critical signal pathcomponents and interconnections between every emergency microphone andthe input terminals on, or within, each loudspeaker enclosure used for voicealarm3.13 emergency loudspeaker zonepart of the area of coverage to which emergency information can be givenseparately3.14
44、emergency microphonemicrophone dedicated for use by the emergency services or other responsiblepersons as part of the sound system3.15 emergency modestatus of a system whereby emergency messages (either live or pre-recorded) arebroadcast; in manual mode, all emergency messages are preceded by apre-a
45、nnouncement tone; in automatic mode, all messages have interveningtones between the messagesNOTE If the system is used for broadcasting sounds other than live messages, thesesounds have to be disabled for some or all of the period of the state of emergency,in controlled zones or across the whole ven
46、ue.3.16 emergency sound systemsound system for all types of emergencies3.17 equalizationprocess of adjusting the gain or attenuation of certain frequencies within asignal3.18 equipment roomarea which contains equipment associated with the fundamental processes ofthe sound systemBRITISH STANDARD BS 7
47、827:2011 BSI 2011 33.19 headroomratio (usually expressed in decibels) of the maximum signal amplitude that adevice can accept or produce, without unacceptable non-linearity or damage, toa specified reference amplitude3.20 intelligibilitymeasure of the proportion of the content of a speech message th
48、at can becorrectly understoodNOTE Satisfactory intelligibility requires adequate audibility and adequate clarity.3.21 listenerperson of normal hearing who is within the area of coverage and is able tounderstand the speech message broadcast3.22 loudspeaker circuittransmission path to an assembly of l
49、oudspeakers supplied from the samecontrol equipment and protected against over-current by the same protectivedevice(s) or current limitation arrangements3.23 loudspeaker zonepart of the area of coverage to which information and/or music can beseparately routedNOTE A loudspeaker zone may be the same as an emergency loudspeaker zone,may be a sub-division of an emergency loudspeaker zones, or may be unrelated.3.24 manual modemode of operation where an operator is directly in control of the broadcast oflive or pre-record
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