BS 8403-2002 Specification for aquatic spineboards for recovering casualties in controlled aquatic conditions《在受控水上运动条件下救援伤亡人员用的水上脊柱固定板规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8403:2002 Specification for aquatic spineboards for recovering casualties in controlled aquatic conditions ICS 11.120.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS 8403:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Healt

2、h and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committee was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 May 2002 BSI 20 May 2002 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference CH/116 Draft for comment 99/565086 DC I

3、SBN 0 580 39655 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CH/116, Rescue systems, upon which the following bodies were represented: Ambulance Service Association Ambulance Service Institute Ambulance Transport Adv

4、isory Group Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Association of British Health-Care Industries British Association of Perinatal Medicine British Healthcare Trades Association Department of Health (Health Care Division) Department of Health (Medical Devices Agency) Health and Saf

5、ety Executive Royal Life Saving Society UK Scottish Office Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited St John Ambulance Vehicle Certification Agency Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Dates CommentsBS 8403:2002 BSI 20 May 2002 i Contents Page Committees responsible

6、Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 1 4 Requirements 1 5 Marking and information 3 Annex A (normative) Procedures for conditioning of the board and casualty restraint system prior to testing 4 Annex B (normative) Test for loadin

7、g capacity and dimensional stability 4 Bibliography 5BS 8403:2002 ii BSI 20 May 2002 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CH/116. This standard specifies the requirements for an aquatic spineboard, which is a rigid stretcher intended for use in the recovery and tra

8、nsport of a casualty suspected of having sustained an injury to the spine whilst in controlled aquatic conditions. The increase in the incidence of this type of injury in the aquatic environment, particularly in swimming pools, has necessitated the development of a means of immobilising the casualty

9、 on a board in a manner appropriate to that particular environment. The atmosphere inside a swimming pool is relatively hostile and it is necessary to ensure that the materials used in the aquatic spineboard are resistant to that environment. It has also been recognized that correct use, servicing,

10、cleaning, care and storage are necessary for aquatic spineboards to retain their performance characteristics and appropriate requirements for marking of the board and provision of an instruction manual are included. The standard provides the technical specifications for an aquatic spineboard. The st

11、andard does not address the manner in which the board should be integrated into an aquatic rescue. The Royal Life Saving Society UK and the Institute of Sport and Recreation Management have published documents (1, 2 and 3) which provide detailed guidance on the staffing and other rescue requirements

12、 for the rescue of a casualty where an aquatic spineboard is provided. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligati

13、ons. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 8403:2002 BSI 20 May 2002 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies th

14、e construction and performance of aquatic spineboards for use in the rescue, from water, of casualties with suspected spinal injuries. It is applicable only to aquatic spineboards for use in controlled aquatic conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable fo

15、r the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS EN 1021-1:1994, Furniture Assessment of ignitability of upholstered furniture Part 1: Ignition source

16、: smoldering cigarette. BS EN 1021-2:1994, Furniture Assessment of ignitability of upholstered furniture Part 2: Ignition source: match flame equivalent. BS EN 1865:2000, Specifications for stretchers and other patient handling equipment used in road ambulances. BS EN 20105-A02, Textiles Tests for c

17、olour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour. BS EN ISO 105-E03, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part E03: Colour fastness to chlorinated water (swimming-pool water). BS EN ISO 105-X12, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing. BS EN ISO 3696:1

18、995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aquatic spineboard rigid stretcher to immobilize and lift a casualty with a suspected spinal injury, which provide

19、s support to the whole body and has positive buoyancy 3.2 body restraints straps for securing the casualtys arms, torso and legs to the board 3.3 head restraint device which is permanently attached to the head end of the board to effectively restrain movement of the casualtys head 3.4 lying part par

20、t of the aquatic spineboard on which the casualty is placed prior to immobilization and recovery from the water 3.5 controlled aquatic conditions static water, either indoors or outdoors, where standing depth is available and that is supervised by trained staff 4 Requirements 4.1 General The aquatic

21、 spineboard shall comprise a rigid board and a casualty restraint system. The casualty restraint system shall comprise body restraints and a head restraint, fitted with buckles or other fixings to attach the straps to each other and to the board.BS 8403:2002 2 BSI 20 May 2002 4.2 Dimensions The dime

22、nsions of the aquatic spineboard shall conform to BS EN 1865:2000, 4.7.1. 4.3 Mass The mass of the aquatic spineboard shall be not more than 10 kg. 4.4 Loading capacity, dimensional stability and buoyancy characteristics 4.4.1 After conditioning in accordance with Annex A, the board shall be tested

23、in accordance with Annex B. With the load in place, the deflection of each side of the board shall not exceed 25 mm. After unloading, the board shall show no visible signs of permanent deformation, cracking or fractures. 4.4.2 After conditioning in accordance with Annex A, when the board is tested i

24、n accordance with BS EN 1865:2000, 5.1.3, the deflection of the centre of the board shall be not greater than 50 mm. After unloading, the board shall show no signs of residual deformation or visible damage e.g. cracking. 4.4.3 After conditioning in accordance with Annex A, when the board is placed i

25、n the container of chlorinated salt water specified in Annex A and loaded in accordance with Annex B, it shall remain afloat. 4.5 Construction of the board 4.5.1 The board shall be equipped with a minimum of three handholds on each longitudinal side and with a minimum of two handholds at each of the

26、 foot and the head ends of the board. Handholds shall be a minimum of 120 mm in length and shall have a grip diameter not greater than 40 mm. 4.5.2 The board shall be constructed in such a way that, when it is placed on a flat, level floor, the base of the handholds along both sides, and at the head

27、 end and the foot end is not less than 25 mm from the ground, to allow for easy gripping when lifting from the ground. 4.5.3 The board shall be equipped with fixing points for the casualty restraint system which allow the restraints to be moved to accommodate casualties between 1.25 m and 2 m in hei

28、ght. The fixing points shall be positioned such that they do not interfere with the handling of the board when it is being lifted, or transported in an ambulance. 4.5.4 The lying part of the board shall be self-draining to prevent pooling of water. NOTE The surface of the lying part of the board sho

29、uld be of a material that minimizes the potential for the casualty to develop pressure sores. 4.6 Construction of the casualty restraint system 4.6.1 Body restraints The body restraints shall comprise a minimum of five straps or pairs of straps, 50 mm wide, of non-stretch construction. The body rest

30、raints shall be adjustable and shall be fitted with quick release buckles or fixings. The straps, or the buckles or fixings, shall be colour coded to indicate their correct positioning. 4.6.2 Head restraint The head restraint shall be adjustable and shall be permanently secured to the board to preve

31、nt it floating away during application. 4.7 Materials The aquatic spineboard, including the casualty restraint system, shall be made from materials which have been shown to have the following characteristics: resistance to bacterial and fungal growth; resistance to the absorption of fluids; resistan

32、ce to disinfectants; resistance to petrol and oil; radiotranslucence; NOTE It is essential that attenuation of all diagnostic radiation beams be kept to an absolute minimum. does not affect, and is not affected by, the magnetic field of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners.BS 8403:2002 BSI 20 May 2002 3

33、 The manufacturer of the aquatic spineboard shall obtain documentation from the manufacturers of the materials demonstrating conformity to these requirements. This documentation shall be included with the test report. NOTE The materials used should also be easy to clean. 4.8 Resistance to chlorinate

34、d salt water After conditioning of the aquatic spineboard in accordance with Annex A, the body restraints and the head restraint shall show no visible signs of failure of the material or stitching, and the board shall show no visible signs of surface damage e.g. cracking, pitting, softening or delam

35、ination. 4.9 Flammability When the board, and one sample each of the body restraint straps and the head restraint, which have been conditioned in accordance with Annex A, are tested in accordance with BS EN 1021-1:1994 and BS EN 1021-2:1994, there shall be no progressive smouldering or flaming ignit

36、ion. 4.10 Stability of markings 4.10.1 Resistance to chlorinated salt water After the board has been conditioned in accordance with Annex A, all markings shall remain legible. The change in colour of the markings shall be assessed in accordance with BS EN 20105-A02 and shall be 3 or better on the gr

37、ey scale. 4.10.2 Adhesion of the markings After the test in 4.10.1 the markings shall be tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 105-X12 (wet and dry) for 100 cycles. The markings shall remain legible. The change in colour of the markings shall be assessed in accordance with BS EN 20105-A02 and shall be

38、 3 or better on the grey scale. 5 Marking and information 5.1 The lying part of the board shall have printed on it, the following information: a) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 8403:2002 1) ; b) the name, trademark or other means of identification of the manufacturer of the bo

39、ard and the casualty restraint system; c) the casualty head position; d) the product name of the aquatic spineboard; e) a pictorial guide to using the casualty restraint system; f) the order in which the body and head restraints should be applied; g) the words “TO BE USED ONLY BY TRAINED PERSONNEL”;

40、 h) the words “ROUTINE CARE, MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING TO BE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTION MANUAL”. 5.2 The aquatic spineboard shall be supplied with an illustrated instruction manual giving the following information: the method of assembly of the board and casualty restraint system; th

41、e method for positioning the board under the casualty; the application of the casualty restraint system to the casualty; the routine care, maintenance and servicing instructions; the frequency with which any components should be routinely replaced. 1) Marking BS 8403:2002 on or in relation to a prod

42、uct represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration should not be confused with third-party certificati

43、on of conformity. BS 8403:2002 4 BSI 20 May 2002 Annex A (normative) Procedures for conditioning of the board and casualty restraint system prior to testing A.1 Principal The aquatic spineboard including the casualty restraint system are stored in cold and then hot conditions and then immersed in ch

44、lorinated salt water (to imitate swimming pool water). A.2 Materials A.2.1 Sodium hypochlorite solution, containing 50 mg/l of active chlorine at a pH of 7.5 0.05, prepared in accordance with BS EN ISO 105:E03:1996, 4.4. The solution shall be prepared immediately prior to use, in water conforming to

45、 grade 3 as specified in BS EN ISO 3696:1995. A.2.2 Chlorinated salt water, prepared by dissolving 30 g/l of sodium chloride (NaCl) in sodium hypochlorite solution (A.2.1). The solution shall be prepared immediately prior to use. A.3 Apparatus A.3.1 Container, made of glass or stainless steel, with

46、a sufficient volume that the item under test can be immersed in the chlorinated salt water at a ratio of 100:1 chlorinated salt water volume to test item volume. The container shall be fitted with a motor driven stirrer rotating at a rate of 40 revolutions/min. The container shall be maintained in a

47、 temperature controlled room at (20 2) C in darkness. A.4 Procedure A.4.1 Place the aquatic spineboard in a freezer at (10 1) C for 24 h then place it in an oven at (60 2) C for a further 24 h and then place it in a temperature controlled room at (20 2) C for 24 h. A.4.2 After conditioning in accord

48、ance with A.4.1 submerge the aquatic spineboard in the container (A.3.1) filled with chlorinated salt water (A.2.2) at a ratio of 100:1 chlorinated salt water volume to aquatic spineboard volume. Ensure that the aquatic spineboard is thoroughly wetted. Start the stirrer and leave the aquatic spinebo

49、ard in the container for 12 h. At the end of this time, remove the aquatic spineboard, rinse it in distilled water and dry by hanging it up in air at (20 2) C. Annex B (normative) Test for loading capacity and dimensional stability B.1 Attach the ends of the board to rigid supports so that the board is held horizontally above a firm horizontal surface. Ensure that all four corners of the board are the same distance above the surface. B.2 Measure the vertical distance between the centre of each side edge