1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58conversion and technical data presentationICS 23.120Fans for general purposes Part 9: Tolerances, m
2、ethods of BRITISH STANDARDBS 848-9:2007 ISO 13348:2007BS 848-9:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50282 8Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCompliance with a Briti
3、sh Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 13348:2007. It supersedes BS 848-9:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/17, Fa
4、ns for general purposes.A list of organizations represented on MCE/17 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Reference numberISO 13348:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL
5、STANDARD ISO13348Second edition2007-01-15Industrial fans Tolerances, methods of conversion and technical data presentation Ventilateurs industriels Tolrances, mthodes de conversion et prsentation des donnes techniques BS 848-9:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normativ
6、e references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Symbols and units 6 5 Performance tolerances for purpose-designed fans and series-produced non-certified fans. 8 5.1 Information to be provided by the purchaser 8 5.2 Information to be provided by the supplier . 9 5.3 Tolerances . 10 5.4 Purchasing arran
7、gements . 12 5.5 Contractual testing . 12 6 Performance tolerances for series-produced fans in certified ratings programmes 21 6.1 General. 21 6.2 Fan laws. 22 6.3 Check-tests 22 6.4 Air performance tolerances . 22 6.5 Sound tolerances 26 7 Methods of conversion. 27 7.1 Conversion of air performance
8、 test data 27 7.2 Conversion of sound power test data 34 8 Technical data presentation 42 8.1 General. 42 8.2 Essential information . 42 8.3 Fan performance chart. 42 8.4 Additional information 44 Annex A (normative) Documentation. 47 Annex B (normative) Marking .48 Annex C (informative) System resi
9、stance as a function of flowrate. 49 Bibliography . 52 BS 848-9:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techn
10、ical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
11、with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft In
12、ternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
13、may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13348 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 117, Industrial fans. This second edition of ISO 13348 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13348:2006), which has been te
14、chnically revised and now makes reference to series-produced non-certified fans. BS 848-9:2007vIntroduction This International Standard endeavours to clarify those technical aspects of contracts where fan performance is concerned, and the accuracy and consistency of performance details published in
15、technical catalogues. In this International Standard a distinction is drawn between specially designed fans to suit a specific purpose, to meet a contract specification, and series-produced fans where the performance data is contained in a catalogue. For purpose-designed fans the methods of calculat
16、ing performance data under contract conditions, from performance data obtained under test conditions, are described in Clause 5 for both air and sound data. Four tolerance grades are given, each appropriate to a particular type of fan and/or its application. These procedures have been found satisfac
17、tory; however, the supplier and user could agree to adopt alternative methods. For the series-produced non-certified fans, the associated technical data will be contained in a catalogue (electronic and/or printed form). In this case the recommended method of applying tolerances is as described in Cl
18、ause 5. For the series-produced fans in certified ratings programmes, the associated technical data will be contained in a catalogue (electronic and/or printed form). In this case the recommended method of applying tolerances is as described in Clause 6, based on the rules of AMCA (Air Movement and
19、Control Association) International, Inc. for the certified ratings programme11, 12, 13. An independent accredited body, under a certified ratings programme, can be called in to verify this data. BS 848-9:2007blank1Industrial fans Tolerances, methods of conversion and technical data presentation 1 Sc
20、ope This International Standard specifies performance tolerances and the technical data presentation of industrial fans of all types. It does not apply for fans designed solely for low-volume air circulation, such as those used for household or similar purposes (ceiling and table fans, extractor fan
21、s, etc.). For jet fans refer to ISO 13350. The upper limit of fan work per unit mass is normally 25 kJ kg1, corresponding to an increase of fan pressure of approximately 30 kPa for a mean density in the fan of 1,2 kg m3. For higher values, agreement is to be reached between the supplier and the user
22、. This International Standard embraces the four installation categories defined in ISO 5801: A free inlet, free outlet; B free inlet, ducted outlet; C ducted inlet, free outlet; D ducted inlet, ducted outlet. The performance of a fan can vary considerably with the installation category it is operati
23、ng within. Therefore, these categories form an important part of the definition of the fans technical data presentation. NOTE International acceptance of the four installation categories provides the opportunity to base a contract on the most appropriate fan category for the end user and the system
24、designer. Correspondingly, the likelihood of the fan providing the agreed performance, without compromise or concession, is enhanced. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
25、. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5801:1997, Industrial fans Performance testing using standardized airways ISO 5802, Industrial fans Performance testing in situ ISO 13347-1, Industrial fans Determination of fan sound powe
26、r levels under standardized laboratory conditions Part 1: General overview ISO 14694, Industrial fans Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels ISO 14695, Industrial fans Method of measurement of fan vibration BS 848-9:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, th
27、e following terms and definitions apply. NOTE In some cases, more complete definitions are to be found in ISO 5801, ISO 5802 and ISO 13349. 3.1 industrial fan fan other than that used for household or similar purposes such as air circulation, climatization NOTE For the purpose of this International
28、Standard and other industrial fan standards, a household fan is defined as having a single-phase motor operating at a maximum of 250 V and 16 A. With a sufficiently soft start, this equates to an input power of not more than 3 kW. 3.2 series-produced fan catalogue fan fan whose detailed performances
29、 is widely available in a catalogue (electronic and or printed), and which is frequently manufactured in significant quantities and available on short delivery 3.3 average stagnation pressure at a section x psgxsum of the conventional dynamic pressure, pdx, corrected by the Mach factor coefficient,
30、FMx, at the section, and the average absolute pressure, pxsgx x dx Mxp ppF=+ NOTE 1 The average stagnation pressure can be calculated by 12sgx x x112pp Ma =+NOTE 2 It is expressed in pascals (Pa). 3.4 average total pressure at a section x ptxsum of the conventional dynamic pressure, pdx, corrected b
31、y the Mach factor coefficient, FMx, at the section, and the average gauge pressure, pex tx ex dx Mx sgx ap ppF p p=+ = NOTE 1 When the Mach number, Ma, is less than 0,122, the Mach factor, FMx, can be neglected NOTE 2 See ISO 5801, ISO 5802 and 13349 for definitions. 3.5 characteristic error flow ra
32、te change produced along the actual system characteristic by the maximum fan performance deviation allowed by the tolerance grade selected NOTE 1 Characteristic error is a function of the tolerance grade, the measurement uncertainty allowed, and the shape (local slope) of the fan and actual system c
33、haracteristics NOTE 2 For the actual system characteristics, see ISO 5801. BS 848-9:200733.6 fan aerodynamic characteristic curves fan pressure, power, efficiency, etc., against flow rate under specified ambient conditions and at a constant speed, or when fitted with a specified motor 3.7 fan dynami
34、c pressure at outlet pd2conventional dynamic pressure at the fan outlet calculated from the mass flow rate, the average gas density at the outlet and the fan outlet area 22m2 md2 222122vqpA=NOTE It is expressed in pascals (Pa). 3.8 fan flow coefficient non-dimensional quantity equal to the mass flow
35、 rate divided by the product of the mean density, the peripheral speed of the impeller and the square of the diameter of the impeller m2mrquD= if Ma W 0,122 2rVquD = if Ma 500 AN2 Mining, power stations, wind tunnels, tunnels, process engineering, air conditioning Sheet or plastic material, partly m
36、achined, cast (medium accuracy) 50 AN3 Process engineering, air conditioning, industrial fans, tunnels, power station fans and industrial fans for harsh (abrasive or corrosive) conditions Sheet material, cast (medium to low accuracy), special surface protection (e.g. hot-dip galvanizing, moulded pla
37、stics 10 AN4 Process engineering, ships fans, agriculture, small fans, power station fans and industrial fans for harsh (abrasive or corrosive) conditions Sheet material, special surface protection (e.g. rubber coating), moulded or extruded plastics aFor each class, a recommendation has been given o
38、nly for the lower power limit; an upper limit is not essential. For example, even if the power is greater than 500 kW, any one of the grades may be assigned. The information given in Table 1 may be used as a guide only. It shall be considered with which degree of accuracy the expected performance da
39、ta has been established, often requiring agreement between purchaser and supplier when selecting a suitable grade. Uncommon installation conditions for example, distorted inlet flow or a system with components situated in the inflow, such as protective screens or structural supports, shall be allowe
40、d for. Special agreements shall be made for fans whose drive causes marked fluctuations in rotational speed. Motors used for direct-driven axial flow fans may be in the airstream without an aerodynamic fairing. This could produce an additional aerodynamic blockage. In such cases an allowance for mot
41、or effect should be agreed between the supplier and purchaser. BS 848-9:200712 It should be remembered that specifications which require zero and/or exclusively positive tolerances, with respect to fan pressure and flow, are not recommended. They can neither be supported in theory nor in practice, a
42、nd lead to substantial over-design and unnecessarily increased operating cost. 5.4 Purchasing arrangements Before a contract is signed it shall be agreed whether a performance test shall be included. This is not normally required, especially if the fan is subject to a certified ratings programme (se
43、e Clause 6) or if the supplier has an accredited laboratory. 5.5 Contractual testing 5.5.1 Tolerance magnitude near optimum efficiency Four tolerance grades are given in Table 2 for the fan volume flow, pressure, shaft power and sound power level (see also Figure 1). In the normal case these grades
44、are applicable to all contractual agreements between the purchaser and his supplier, and if not, a separate agreement should be obtained. The operating point is assumed to lie where the efficiency, as stated by the supplier, is at least 0,9 times the stated best efficiency opt. Outside this range, t
45、olerances are applied as detailed in clause 5.5.2 Table 2 Manufacturing tolerance grades Tolerance grade (air and noise) Parameter AN1 AN2 AN3 AN4 Additional information Volume flow rate, qV 1 % 2,5 % 5 % 10 % qV= tqVqVFan pressure pF 1 % 2,5 % 5 % 10 % pF= tpFpFPower, Pra, b+ 2 % + 3 % + 8 % + 16 %
46、 P= tPPr Negative deviations are permissible. For small fans, P, shall be the motor input power.Efficiency, 1 % 2 % 5 % 12 % = ti.e. the value of tis identical with the permissible tolerance of the efficiency. Positive deviations are permissible. A-weighted sound power level, LWAc+ 2 dB + 3 dB + 4 d
47、B + 6 dB LWA= tLWAThe value of tLWAis a permissible tolerance of the sound power level. Negative deviations are permissible. NOTE Sound pressure levels are dependant on the environment. Tolerances will be higher due to wave length effects, local resonances, directional factors, room effects, etc. In
48、 particular, sound pressure levels measured close to fan casings are heavily influenced by “near-field” effects and, as such, great care should be taken when using sound pressure measurements. As a guide the tolerances, given above for sound power may have to be doubled.aThe power should be clearly
49、defined: i.e. whether it is impeller power, shaft power (including bearing losses), overall fan power (including transmission losses, e.g. coupling or vee-belt drive losses), or motor input power (applicable especially to small fans). See also ISO 5801, ISO 13349 and IEC 60034-2. bThe power measurement of electric motors shall be carried out with a sinusoidal supply on nominal frequency and voltage. The voltage from frequency converters could give high
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