1、BRITISH STANDARD BS853-2: 1996 Specification for Vessels for use in heating systems Part 2: Tubular heat exchangers and storage vessels for building and industrial services UDC697.328-714BS853-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was p
2、ublished underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 March 1996 BSI 03-1999 BS853 first published October1939 Second edition November 1960 Third edition December 1981 Fourth edition September 1990 BS853-2 first published March1996 The following BSI references relate to the w
3、ork on this standard: Committee reference RHE/12 Draft for comment93/712009 DC ISBN 0 580 24752 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/12, Calorifiers, upon which the following bodies were represented: Brit
4、ish Non-Ferrous Metals Federation Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Copper Development Association Health and Safety Executive Hevac Association Institution of Mechanical Engineers Marine Safety Agency Waterheater Manufacturers Association Co-opted members Amendments issued since
5、publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS853-2:1996 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Information and requirements to be agreed and to be documented 1 5 Materials 2 6 Welding procedure and welder approval tests 2 7
6、 Design pressure and design temperature 9 8 Scantling design 10 9 Tubes 28 10 Construction 29 11 Pressure relief devices 34 12 Inspection and testing 37 13 Marking 37 14 Test certificates 38 Annex A (informative) Typical heat exchanger data sheet 39 Annex B (informative) Typical fouling resistance v
7、alues 40 Annex C (informative) Typical flange design procedure: work sheet 41 Figure 1 Welders history sheet 9 Figure 2 Double full fillet lap joint 12 Figure 3 Single full fillet lap joint with plug weld 13 Figure 4 Typical blind flange with gasket within the bolt circle reference 13 Figure 5 Welds
8、 for unflanged endplates 14 Figure 6 Location of gasket load reaction 18 Figure 7 Values of Y 20 Figure 8 Maximum external pressure of tubes for different ratios of t c /d 30 Figure 9 Typical weld construction of tube to tubeplate 31 Figure 10 Typical section through tubeplate showing arrangement of
9、 grooved tube holes 32 Figure 11 Impingement baffles 35 Table 1 Materials for the construction of heat exchangers (with design stress values f) 3 Table 2 Bolting materials 7 Table 3 Filler and brazing materials 7 Table 4 Forgings and hot pressing stock 8 Table 5 Number of test specimens required for
10、 procedure approval for copper 8 Table 6 Number of test specimens required for welder approval for copper 8 Table 7 Effective gasket width 17 Table 8 Gasket materials and contact facings: gasket factor (s) for operating conditions and minimum design seating stress (y) 19 Table 9 Reliability factor (
11、F r ) for joint types 25 Table 10 Preferred tube sizes and thicknesses for branch pipes 27 Table 11 Minimum length of thread 28BS853-2:1996 ii BSI 03-1999 Page Table 12 Preferred tube diameter and nominal thicknesses for heat exchange tubes 29 Table 13 Maximum unsupported length of straight tubes 33
12、 Table 14 Minimum transverse baffle or support plate thickness 33 Table 15 Minimum number and diameter of tie rods 36 List of references 42BS853-2:1996 BSI 03-1999 iii Foreword This Part of BS853has been prepared by Technical Committee RHE/12. It covers the requirements of vessels with higher duty r
13、equirements than BS853-1, but for which the requirements of BS5500are unnecessarily stringent. BS853was first published in1939and revised in two Parts covering carbon steel and copper in1960. A second revision was carried out in1981, when the two Parts were again combined, and this was updated in199
14、0to take account of current practice. With the introduction of this Part of BS853, BS853:1990 becomes BS853-1:1996 without any technical changes. No provision has been included for thermal performance tests. NOTEInformation concerning SI units is given in BS5555 and BS5775. WARNING.The use of asbest
15、os is subject to the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations,1987 (SI2115 as amended)1, and the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act19742. Attention is drawn to the health hazards arising from asbestos dust. Further information is available in Health and Safety Executive Guidance Note EH/10, Environme
16、ntal Hygiene, Asbestos3. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any st
17、age. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document compr
18、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 44, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS853-2:1996 BSI
19、03-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS853 specifies requirements for the design, methods of construction and testing of tubular heat exchangers and storage vessels for heating, cooling and heat recovery associated with building and industrial services with limiting conditions of2N/mm 2design pressure,300
20、C maximum and0C minimum temperature using such media as water, steam, thermal oils, glycol mixtures and oil. In addition to the definitive requirements, this standard also requires the items detailed in clause4 to be documented. For compliance with this standard, both the definitive requirements and
21、 the documented items have to be satisfied. NOTEAttention is drawn to the dangers associated with heating flammable fluids above their flash points. Three types of heat exchangers are covered by this standard: a) fixed tubeplate at each end; b) U-tubes (removable tube bundle); c) straight tubes with
22、 floating head at rear end (removable tube bundle). 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS853incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed
23、 on page42. For dated references, only the edition cited applies: any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication ap
24、plies, together with any amendments. 2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to t
25、he latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 design pressure the value of pressure to be employed for calculation 3.2 design temperature the value of temperature to be employed for calculation 3.3 design stress the maximum allowable
26、 stress for the materials of construction at the design temperature 3.4 purchaser the organization or individual who buys the heat exchanger for its own use or as an agent for the owner 3.5 inspecting authority the body or association which checks that the design, materials and construction are in a
27、ccordance with this standard 3.6 maximum working pressure the pressure at which the safety relief devices are set to commence operation 3.7 set pressure the pressure at which the safety relief devices commence to operate 4 Information and requirements to be agreed and to be documented 4.1 Informatio
28、n to be supplied by the purchaser The following information to be supplied by the purchaser shall be fully documented. Both the definitive requirements specified throughout the standard and the following documented items shall be satisfied before a claim of compliance with the standard can be made a
29、nd verified. a) Sufficient details from the data sheet Annex A to enable the manufacturer to offer a heat exchanger suitable for the installation and duty. b) Details of any independent inspection requirements. NOTEThe manufacturer is seldom in a position to determine the optimum fouling resistance
30、when calculating the heating surface. The purchaser should therefore, where possible, specify the design fouling resistances for the particular service. When such information is not available the manufacturer should specify the fouling resistances that have been allowed for in the calculations. Typi
31、cal fouling resistance data are given in Annex B.BS853-2:1996 2 BSI 03-1999 4.2 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer The manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with full information of the heat exchanger or storage vessel offered along with leading dimensions and details of tube bundle w
32、ithdrawal space where applicable. NOTEA typical data sheet for a heat exchanger is given in Annex A. 5 Materials 5.1 Selection Table 1 gives a range of materials which conform to this standard and shall be used for the fabrication of heat exchangers and storage vessels and gives design stress values
33、 that shall be used for the scantling design (see clause8). Where other materials are used the manufacturer shall show that they are comparable with those given in Table 1 and that they have been submitted to equivalent tests and approvals. Materials for use in the fabrication of heat exchangers and
34、 storage vessels specified in this standard shall be either: a) selected from Table 1; or b) other materials for which the manufacturer shall show that they are comparable with those given in Table 1 and that they have been submitted to equivalent tests and approvals. Table 1 also gives design stres
35、s values that shall be used for the scantling design. 5.2 Bolting materials Bolting materials shall be as given in Table 2. 5.3 Filler materials Filler materials shall be as given in Table 3. 5.4 Forging and fittings Forging materials and fittings shall be as given in Table 4. 6 Welding procedure an
36、d welder approval tests 6.1 General The welding shall conform to approved welding procedures in accordance with6.2 and welder approval tests shall be in accordance with6.3. The preparation of welding procedures, the approval of welders, testing and the maintenance of records shall be the responsibil
37、ity of the manufacturer. 6.2 Approval of procedure Approval testing of welding procedures for steel shall be conducted, recorded and reported in accordance with BS EN288-3:1992. Approval testing of welding procedures for copper shall use the methods of testing welds given in BS4206. The copper test
38、piece shall be subject to visual examination, penetrant testing and destructive tests. The number of test specimens shall be as given inTable 5. The welding procedures shall be certified to BS853-1using relevant documentation and records conforming to BSEN288. Each welding procedure test and the acc
39、ompanying test results shall be recorded as “Welding Procedure Approval Records” in accordance with Annex A of BS EN288-3:1992. Each welding procedure test shall be documented to include all items in accordance with clause4 of BSEN288-2:1992. An approved welding procedure test shall only require rea
40、pproval when any changes are made which conform to BS EN288-3:1992. 6.3 Welder approval Approval testing of welders for steel shall be conducted, recorded and reported in accordance with Annex B of BS EN287-1:1992. Approval testing of welders for copper shall use the methods of testing welds in acco
41、rdance with BS4206. The copper test piece shall be subject to visual examination and destructive tests, augmented by penetrant testing if necessary. The number of test specimens shall be as given in Table 6. Welder approval shall be certified to BS853-1 using relevant documentation and records in ac
42、cordance with BS EN287-1:1992. A welders approval to weld to a particular procedure shall remain valid unless there are changes in the procedure in accordance with clause8 of BS EN288-3:1992.BS 853-2:1996 BSI 03-1999 3 Table 1 Materials for the construction of heat exchangers (with design stress val
43、ues f) Material British Standard designation Relevant note(s) Design stress values (f) for metal (see note1) Design temperature not exceeding: 50C 100C 150C 175C 200C 225C 250C 275C 300C N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 Shells and branches: carbon steel plate BS1501 151
44、 or161 grade430A or B 108 108 108 108 108 104 100 93 91 carbon steel tube BS3601 320.ERW 360.ERW.S 80 80 80 80 78 73 69 65 62 (A106B) 11 90 90 90 90 89 83 77 73 69 430.ERW.S 108 108 108 108 106 99 92 87 82 BS3602 360.ERW.S 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 83 78 430.ERW.S 108 108 108 108 108 102 96 91 87 stainle
45、ss steel plate, sheet and strip BS1501 Part3.304S11 (A240.304L) 304S31 11 114 102 89 85 81 78 76 74 72 (A240.304) 316S11.S13 11 122 109 95 91 87 84 82 80 78 (A240.316L) 316S31.S33 11 120 107 95 91 88 85 82 80 79 (A240.316) 11 128 114 102 98 94 91 89 87 85 stainless steel tube BS3605 304S11 (A312.TP3
46、04L) 304S31 11 114 102 89 85 81 78 76 74 72 (A312 TP304) 316S11.S13 11 122 109 95 91 87 84 82 80 78 (A312 TP316L) 316 S31.S33 11 120 107 95 91 88 85 82 80 79 (A312 TP316) 11 128 114 102 98 94 91 89 87 85BS 853-2:1996 4 BSI 03-1999 Table 1 Materials for the construction of heat exchangers (with desig
47、n stress values f) Material British Standard designation Relevant note(s) Design stress values (f) for metal (see note 1) Design temperature not exceeding: 50C 100C 150C 175C 200C 225C 250C 275C 300C N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 copper plate BS2875 C106-0 48 46 34 2
48、6 18 copper sheet BS2870 C106-0 48 46 34 26 18 copper tubes BS2871 Part2. C106-0 41 40 34 26 18 90/10 CuNi plate BS2875 CN102-0 97 92 89 63 60 58 54 49 44 90/10 CuNi sheet BS2870 CN102-0 97 92 89 63 60 58 54 49 44 90/10 CuNi tube BS2871 Part2. CN102-0 75 73 71 63 60 58 54 49 44 70/30 CuNi plate BS28
49、75 CN107-0 117 109 105 76 75 73 72 71 70 70/30 CuNi sheet BS2870 CN107-0 117 109 105 76 75 73 72 71 70 70/30 CuNi tube BS2871 Part2. CN107-0 93 87 84 76 75 73 72 71 70 Bars and sections (for welding): carbon steel BS1502 151or161 108 108 108 108 108 104 100 93 91 stainless steel BS1502 304S11 114 102 89 85 81 78 76 74 72 304S31 122 109 95 91 87 84 82 80 78 316S11.S13 120 107 95 91 88 85 82 80 79 316S31.S33 128 114 102 98 94 91 89 87 85 copper BS2874 C
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