1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8568:2013Cleanroom energy Code of practice forimproving energyefficiency in cleanroomsand clean air devicesPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice display
2、ed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74267 5ICS 13.040.35The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference LBI/30Draft for comment 12/30240811 DCP
3、ublication historyFirst published March 2013Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8568:2013 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 The energy evaluation and implementation process 3AnnexesAnnex A (informative) En
4、ergy saving opportunities checklist 8Annex B (normative) Energy reduction opportunities in cleanrooms 11Bibliography 29List of figuresFigure 1 Process flowchart 4List of tablesTable A.1 Energy reduction opportunities in cleanrooms 8Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside fro
5、nt cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8568:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came
6、into effect on 31 March 2013. It wasprepared by Technical Committee LBI/30, Cleanroom technology. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendat
7、ions. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Pr
8、esentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not
9、 constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDA
10、RDBS 8568:2013ii The British Standards Institution 2013IntroductionCleanroom cleanliness can be classified by the concentration of specificcontaminants in the air or on surfaces in the cleanroom. Cleanrooms use aconsiderable amount of energy to provide large amounts of filtered andconditioned air to
11、 achieve the specified levels of cleanliness. A considerableamount of energy is also used to achieve:a) the necessary temperature and relative humidity for the process in thecleanroom and for personnel comfort;b) the necessary pressurization of the space; andc) in some cases, the necessary airflow v
12、olume flow rate for unidirectionalairflow and to a reduced extent non-unidirectional airflow.Some firms using cleanrooms report that heating and ventilating systemsconsume up to 80% of the total energy used in their manufacturing facilitysimply to deliver clean, conditioned air to critical operation
13、s. This energy isconsumed by heating, cooling, humidification and fan power. Of this, fansrequired to move air can account for 35% to 50%, much of this being due tothe extra energy required to overcome the high pressure differential requiredfor the high efficiency filters and other ventilation compo
14、nents used incleanrooms. There is therefore a significant potential for energy saving bydiligent design in the installation of new cleanrooms, and by retrofitimprovements and upgrades to existing facilities.This British Standard lists and explains measures that can be taken to reduceenergy consumpti
15、on in cleanrooms and applies to the whole range of“cleanroom technology”, from cleanrooms to clean air devices, includingisolators, glove boxes and mini-environments as described in BS EN 14644-7.Cleanroom technology is used by organizations within the life-sciences,micro-electronics, aerospace and
16、nuclear fields. The life-sciences sector includeshospital, pharmaceutical and medical device activities.This British Standard does not address related production processes such aswater treatment, oven, autoclave and stress cycling operations that can alsocreate significant energy demands.1 ScopeThis
17、 British Standard gives recommendations on reducing energy consumptionand maintaining energy efficiency in new and existing cleanrooms and clean airdevices, classified by BS EN ISO 14644-1.The standard is not applicable to the energy efficiency of process equipment,except where it affects the cleanr
18、oom environment.NOTE 1 Further guidance on the use of energy management systems is given inBS EN ISO 50001.NOTE 2 Energy saving opportunities are listed in Annex A and detailed in Annex B.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document.
19、For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS EN 1886, Ventilation for buildings Air handling units MechanicalperformanceBS EN 14799, Air filters for general air cleaning TerminologyBRIT
20、ISH STANDARD BS 8568:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 1BS EN ISO 14644-4, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 4: Design, construction and start-upBS EN ISO 14644-5:2004, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 5: Cleanroom operationsBS EN ISO 14644-6:2007
21、, Cleanrooms and associated environments Part 6: VocabularyBS EN ISO 50001, Energy management systems Requirements with guidancefor useOther publicationsN1 HEATING AND VENTILATING CONTRACTORS ASSOCATION. Specification forsheet metal ductwork: low, medium and high pressure/velocity air systems.DW144.
22、 Cumbria, 1998. ISBN: 0 903783 27 4.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 air handling unit (AHU)unit or plant, comprising fan, filtration, heating, cooling and mixing of fresh airand recirculated air, that delivers conditioned
23、 air to a room or facility3.2 clean air devicestand-alone equipment for treating and distributing clean air to achieve definedenvironmental conditionsSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.31NOTE Clean air devices include certain separative devices as defined inBS EN ISO 14644-7, for example, clean air h
24、oods, containment enclosures,gloveboxes, isolators and mini-environments.3.3 cleanroomroom in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which isconstructed and used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation, andretention of particles inside the room, and in which ot
25、her relevant parameters,e.g. temperature, humidity and pressure, are controlled as necessarySOURCE: BS EN ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.333.4 colony forming units (CFUs)single micro-organism or a single small mass of micro-organisms that whendeposited on a microbiological growth medium grows to form a single
26、visiblecolony that can be countedNOTE One colony forming unit is expressed as 1 CFU.3.5 combined heat and powerelectrical generation by internal combustion engine or gas turbine with thewaste heat from this process being used to generate hot water or steam3.6 controlled environmentdefined zone in wh
27、ich sources of contamination are controlled by specifiedmeansSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.45BRITISH STANDARDBS 8568:20132 The British Standards Institution 20133.7 critical zonearea where the product is exposed to the potential deposition of airbornecontamination3.8 final filterlast high effici
28、ency filter in the system before the air enters the cleanroomNOTE This may be in the AHU or it may be a terminal filter (see 3.12).3.9 high efficiency air filterair filter conforming to BS EN 1822 (all parts), covering the range of efficientparticulate air filters (EPA): E 10 E 12, high efficiency p
29、articulate air filters(HEPA): H 13H14andultra low penetration air filters (ULPA): U 15U173.10 microbe-carrying particle (MCP)particle on which a micro-organism is carried; it is normally dispersed into roomair by personnel as a skin cell, or fragment of skin cell, on which a skinmicrobe(s) is carrie
30、d3.11 non-unidirectional airflow (non-UDAF)air distribution where the supply air entering the clean zone mixes with theinternal air by means of inductionSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.953.12 terminal filterhigh efficiency air filter located at the point where the air enters the cleanroom3.13 tri-
31、generationelectrical generation that is integrated with both heat and chilled watergeneration3.14 turn downcontrolled reduction of airflow velocity in UDAF cleanrooms and clean airdevices and airflow rates in non-UDAF cleanrooms in order to save energyduring periods when the cleanroom is not in oper
32、ation3.15 unidirectional airflow (UDAF)controlled airflow through the entire cross-section of a clean zone with a steadyvelocity and approximately parallel airstreamsNOTE This type of airflow results in a directed transport of particles from the cleanzone.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.138, modif
33、ied - Note 2 has been deleted.4 The energy evaluation and implementationprocess4.1 GeneralEnergy reduction in new and existing cleanrooms and separative devices shouldbe carried out in accordance with the process described in this clause andsummarized as a flowchart in Figure 1.NOTE Attention is dra
34、wn to the European Commission Energy Performance of theBuildings Directive 1, the Energy Act 2011 2 and the Building Regulations2010 3.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8568:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 34.2 Selecting a project teamA project team should be set up to include representatives from the
35、 key businessfunctions such as quality, validation, production, planning, finance, engineering,maintenance and cleanroom energy experts.NOTE Additional expertise can be provided by internal or external consultants.4.3 Gathering information4.3.1 GeneralDocuments, including drawings and specifications
36、, and information that definethe cleanroom performance criteria should be collated; this might take the formof existing quality risk assessments or facility operational assessments.NOTE The objective is to identify criteria that affect performance and to considerthe direct and indirect impacts of po
37、ssible energy reduction actions.A survey of the facilities should be carried out and reviewed to identify all theenergy saving opportunities, see Annex A.Figure 1 Process flowchartBRITISH STANDARDBS 8568:20134 The British Standards Institution 20134.3.2 Existing cleanroomsFor existing cleanrooms the
38、 survey should include:a) identifying the cleanroom performance criteria to meet the requirements ofthe process, the products and personnel comfort;b) a profile of energy use; this should cover lighting, air handling, comfortheating, cooling and any other significant energy use. The informationshoul
39、d come from monitoring or, where this is not possible, fromprofessionally derived estimates;c) the current cleanliness performance (from classification and monitoring particles, chemical species, micro-organisms);d) airflow volume flow rate, airflow velocity and pressurization;e) practical issues re
40、lated to onsite operations, e.g. reliability and control,layout, age, condition, function, maintenance;f) the results of any benchmarking exercise; this should compare the existingdesign with best practice energy use with respect to energy cost and carbonemissions;g) life cycle costs and optimizatio
41、n studies if possible.4.3.3 New cleanroomsFor new cleanrooms the survey should include:a) identifying the cleanroom performance criteria to meet the requirements ofthe process, the products and personnel comfort;b) the best estimates of projected energy use; this should cover lighting, airhandling,
42、heating, cooling and any other significant energy use;c) the design performance (in classification terms: cleanliness, microbial, etc.);d) the results of any benchmarking exercise; this should confirm that the newdesign complies with best practice energy use with respect to energy costand carbon emi
43、ssions.NOTE The consideration of life cycle costs and optimization studies can also beincluded in the exercise.4.4 Comparative reviewA comparative review should be undertaken, to compare the environmentalperformance of the designed (new) cleanroom or redesigned (existing)cleanroom with the environme
44、ntal performance requirements (of the process,the products and personnel comfort), to avoid overdesigning, e.g. specifyingcleanliness classifications that are lower (cleaner) than necessary or clean spacesthat are larger than necessary.NOTE Significant energy savings can be identified by carrying ou
45、t such a review.4.5 Improvement opportunitiesThe project team should analyse the results of the comparative review, identifypotential energy reduction opportunities and carry out a preliminary selection;this can be done using the checklist given in Annex A, Table A.1. Once thepreliminary selection h
46、as been made using Table A.1, the selection should beassessed and documented as part of the decision-making process, and thereasons why an opportunity is chosen, or not, should be recorded.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8568:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 54.6 Impact assessment and prioritizationO
47、nce the potential energy saving opportunities have been identified fromTable A.1 and a preliminary selection carried out, a detailed impact assessmentreport should be produced, covering all of the potential opportunities identifiedand taking into account the corresponding recommendations given in An
48、nex Bas well as the following business requirements: feasibility; process compatibility; risk; safety; cost; return on investment; incentives (e.g. government); implementation timeline/programme; implementation resources; business continuity.This report identifies which energy reduction opportunitie
49、s have become lessviable or more challenging; these should be reprioritized behind those that canbe easily and effectively delivered. A final prioritization and implementationprogramme should then be prepared.Specifications and scopes of work should be defined for those opportunities thatare to be implemented.Where industries have standards or guidelines that specify performancerequirements, all the situations where one or more performance requirementsare in conflict with a particular proposed energy reduction measure
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