1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8654:2015Domestic and hospitality useceramic tableware articlesintended for contact withfoodstuffs SpecificationPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Instit
2、ution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 89872 3ICS 67.250; 81.060.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference CW/29Draft for comment 15/30321667 DCPublication historyFirst published as PAS 54 November 2003 Second (present) edition, N
3、ovember 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8654:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 General application requirements 55 Specific application requirements 76 Marking 9AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Modification to AS
4、TM C368 - 88, Standard Test Method forImpact Resistance of Ceramic Tableware 10Annex B (normative) Determination of the intrinsic strength of glazed ceramicmaterials 12Annex C (normative) Determination of straightness of test samples for use inAnnex B 13Bibliography 14List of figuresFigure A.1 Side
5、view of clamp stand, which is attached to the base of ASTMC368 impact testing apparatus 10Figure A.2 Plan view of clamp to secure the test sample to the clamp standand the base of the C368 impact test apparatus 11Figure C.1 Illustrating a rod which has distorted from the plane in which it lies(horiz
6、ontal dotted line) 13List of tablesTable1Water absorption values for ceramicware other than high aluminaceramic tableware, porcelain, china and vitrified china 6Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back
7、cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8654:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 November 2015. It was prepared by Technical Committe
8、e CW/29, Tableware. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard is based on PAS 54:2003, which is expected to be either revised or withdrawn in due course.Information about this documentClause 4 covers general an
9、d Clause 5 specific application requirements for bothdomestic and hospitality wares, with separate subclauses where therequirements differ.This British Standard specifies important safety requirements relating to therelease of metals from ceramic tableware in contact with foodstuffs and alsospecifie
10、s other important requirements relevant to ceramic tableware for bothdomestic and hospitality applications.This British Standard is not intended to restrict new developments in design andmaterials.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. I
11、tsrequirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is“shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with Rules for th
12、estructure and drafting of UK standards, subclause J.1.1, which states,“Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested asdescribed in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those productsthat are capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to conform to thi
13、sstandard.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8654:2015ii The B
14、ritish Standards Institution 20151 ScopeThis British Standard specifies performance requirements for ceramic tablewareintended for domestic and hospitality use.Where domestic and hospitality requirements differ, test methods for both arespecified.NOTE A higher performance specification is typically
15、required for hospitality ware.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced doc
16、ument (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsASTM C368, Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Ceramic TablewareASTM C927-80, Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from theLip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated With Ceramic GlassEnamelsBS 4034:
17、1990, British Standard Specification for Vitrified hotelwareBS 5416:1990, British Standard Specification for China tablewareBS 6748, Specification for Limits of metal release from ceramic ware, glassware,glass ceramic ware and vitreous enamel wareBS EN 1183:1997, Materials and articles in contact wi
18、th foodstuffs Test methodsfor thermal shock and thermal shock enduranceBS EN 1184:1997, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methodsfor translucency of ceramic articlesBS EN 1217:1998, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methodsfor water absorption of ceramic art
19、iclesBS EN 1900:1998, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Non-metallictableware TerminologyBS EN 12875-4, Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils Part 4: Rapid testfor domestic ceramic articlesBS EN 12875-5, Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils Part 5: Rapid testfor cera
20、mic catering articlesBS EN 12980, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Non-metallicarticles for catering and industrial use Method of test for the determination ofimpact resistanceBS EN 13258:2003, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Testmethods for crazing resistance of c
21、eramic articlesBS EN 13834:2007+A1:2009, Cookware Ovenware for use in traditionaldomestic ovensBS EN 15284, Materials and articles in contact with food stuffs Test method forthe resistance to microwave heating of ceramic, glass, glass-ceramic or plasticscookwareBRITISH STANDARD BS 8654:2015 The Brit
22、ish Standards Institution 2015 1Other publicationsN1LUCIDEON, Lucideon In-house Method PT32, Modification ofBS EN 12980 for handle strength. Stoke-on-Trent: Lucideon, 2015.1)N2LUCIDEON, Lucideon In-house Method PT35, Tabletop testing.Stoke-on-Trent: Lucideon, 2015.1)N3DODD A.E. and MURFIN D. Diction
23、ary of Ceramics. Third edition. Leeds:Maney Publishing, 1994.N4LUCIDEON, Lucideon In-house Method PT36, Determination of the resistanceof ceramic and glass to freezing and freezer to oven usage. Stoke-on-Trent:Lucideon, 2015.1)N5LUCIDEON, Lucideon In-house Method PT37, Determination of the resistanc
24、eof ceramic and glass to freezer to microwave usage. Stoke-on-Trent:Lucideon, 2015.1)N6LUCIDEON, Lucideon In-house Method PT65, Performance test for ceramiccookware intended for use on top of a stove, cooker or hob. Stoke-on-Trent:Lucideon, 2015.1)N7LUCIDEON /CATRA, Lucideon In-house Method PT38, Me
25、thod Determinationof the susceptibility to metal marking of glazed ceramic tableware.Stoke-on-Trent: Lucideon, 2015.1)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 ceramicinorganic non-metallic material made by firing a mixture of raw
26、materials athigh temperatureNOTE The firing temperature is high enough to give the necessary strength to thearticle, which is already shaped, but lower than the temperature which is necessaryto achieve complete fusion of the mixture.SOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.1, modified3.2 crazingformation of ver
27、y fine cracks in the glaze caused by either moisture expansionof the body or thermal stress, which creates sufficient tension in the glaze tocause it to crazeSOURCE: BS 4034:1990, 2.7, modified3.3 earthenwareglazed ceramic material of low vitrification, white to cream (or artificiallycoloured), opaq
28、ue, with a porous and fine textureNOTE The different elements of the body (grains, pores) are 0.15 mm or less andtherefore not visible to the naked eye. Its body is generally made of clays, silica,feldspar or feldspathic fluxes and/or calcium carbonate. When determined inaccordance with BS EN 1217:1
29、998, Test Method A, the water absorption of the bodyis greater than 3%.SOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.7, modified1)Lucideon In-house Methods are available by contacting Lucideon, Queens Road,Penkhull, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7LQ.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8654:20152 The British Standards Institutio
30、n 20153.4 glazesubstance resulting from the melting or sintering of inorganic constituents anddesigned to form a surface layer which is fused, in one or more coats, duringthe firing processNOTE Glazes can be opaque or transparent.SOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.5, modified3.5 high alumina ceramic tablewa
31、reglazed ceramic tableware vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured),slightly translucent, made of clays, silica, feldspathic flux and a minimum levelof 10% of added aluminaNOTE It is typically intended for use in hospitality and commercial cateringapplications, e.g. restaurants and ho
32、tels. When determined in accordance withBS 4034, the mean water absorption of the body is 0.2% with no itemexceeding 0.4%.3.6 hollowarearticles having an internal depth of more than 25 mmNOTE Small holloware has a capacity less than 1.1 litres and large holloware has acapacity of 1.1 litres or more.
33、SOURCE: BS EN 1388-1:1996, 3.3, modified3.7 porcelains3.7.1 bone chinatype of china containing at least 35% by mass of the fired body, of tricalciumorthophosphate, which can be introduced in the form of bone ashSOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.4, modifiedNOTE A similar definition for bone china is avail
34、able in BS 5416:1990, 2.8.3.7.2 china; porcelainglazed ceramic material, vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured),translucent and resonantNOTE It is generally made from kaolin (or other china clays), silica, feldspar orfeldspathic fluxes and sometimes calcium carbonate or alumina. Whe
35、n determined inaccordance with BS EN 1217:1998, Test Method A, the water absorption of the bodyis less than 0.5%.SOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.4, modified3.7.3 hard (hard paste) porcelainchina made from a body composed of kaolin, quartz, feldspar and sometimescalcium carbonateNOTE After an initial lo
36、w temperature firing, it is normally covered with acolourless transparent glaze fired at the same time as the body and thus fusedtogether with it.SOURCE: BS 5416:1990, 2.4, modified3.7.4 parian warefine-grained unglazed porcelain containing more feldspar than hard porcelainNOTE Parian ware often res
37、embles Paros marble in appearance.SOURCE: BS 5416:1990, 2.7, modifiedBRITISH STANDARD BS 8654:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 33.7.5 soft (soft paste) porcelainchina usually containing less alumina but more silica and fluxes than hard pasteporcelainNOTE After an initial high temperature
38、firing to produce a vitreous biscuit piece, itis normally covered with a colourless transparent glaze and then fired at a lowertemperature to mature the glaze.SOURCE: BS 5416:1990, 2.5, modified3.7.6 vitreous chinaglazed ceramic bodies vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured),slightly
39、 translucentNOTE It is made from clays, silica, feldspar and sometimes alumina. Whendetermined in accordance with BS EN 1217:1998, Test Method A, the waterabsorption of the body is less than 0.5%.SOURCE BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.5, modified3.8 stonewares3.8.1 non-vitrified stonewareglazed ceramic materia
40、l partially vitrified, impervious, generally naturallycoloured, hard and opaqueNOTE It is generally made of clays, silica and flux. When determined in accordancewith BS EN 1217:1998, Test Method A, the water absorption of the body is lessthan 3%.SOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.3.6, modified3.8.2 vitrifie
41、d stonewarefully vitreous ceramic materialNOTE When determined in accordance with BS EN 1217:1998, Test Method A, thewater absorption of the body is less than 0.5%.3.9 terracottabrown or red-brown glazed or partially glazed earthenware or fine potteryitemsNOTE 1 When determined in accordance with BS
42、 EN 1217:1998, Test Method A, thewater absorption of the body is equal to or greater than 5%.NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the Combined Nomenclature of the EuropeanCommunities Heading 6912 00 50 1.3.10 thermal shock endurance, t50value for the resistance against sudden change in temperature correspon
43、ding tothe temperature difference at which, for the first time, 50% of the samples failSOURCE: BS EN 1183:1997, 2.2, modified3.11 translucencyability of a ceramic body to transmit a proportion of the light incident upon itSOURCE: BS EN 1900:1998, 3.7.2, modified3.12 water absorptioncapacity of a cer
44、amic body to absorb waterSOURCE: BS EN 1217:1998, 2.1, modifiedBRITISH STANDARDBS 8654:20154 The British Standards Institution 20154 General application requirements4.1 Metal releaseCOMMENTARY ON 4.1For products intended for markets outside the UK, note should be taken of thestatutory metal release
45、requirements for those markets.Attention is drawn to Council Directive 84/500/EEC 2 as amended by CouncilDirective 2005/31/EEC 3, or subsequent amendments or replacements of thesedocuments.4.1.1 Food contact surfacesArticles shall conform to the lead and cadmium release limits given in BS 6748.4.1.2
46、 Lip/rim areaWhen tested in accordance with ASTM C927-80, articles with lip/rim or externaldecoration shall release not more than 4.0 ppm lead and 0.4 ppm cadmium.NOTE Metal release levels are based on the Society of Glass and Ceramic Decoratorsvoluntary limits for lead and cadmium release 4.4.2 Che
47、mical compositionBone china (see 3.7.1) shall contain not less than 35% by mass of the fired bodyof tricalcium orthophosphate.4.3 Integrity of handle attachments4.3.1 Domestic tablewareWhen tested in accordance with Lucideon PT32 N1, the failure shall be not atthe handle/body interface.4.3.2 Hospita
48、lity tablewareWhen tested in accordance with ASTM C368 with the article for testing clampedto the test apparatus using the procedure described in Annex A, the failure shallbe not at the handle/body interface (see Annex A).4.4 Resistance to impact breakage in service4.4.1 Domestic tableware4.4.1.1 Ri
49、m testsWhen tested in accordance with BS EN 12980, the impact energy to producefailure shall be not less than 0.05 J (0.04 ftlbf).4.4.1.2 Handle strengthWhen tested in accordance with Lucideon PT32 N1, the impact energy toproduce handle failure shall be not less than 0.05 J (0.04 ftlbf).4.4.2 Hospitality tableware4.4.2.1 Intrinsic strengthWhen tested in accordance with Annex B, the intrinsic strength of the finishedproduct shall have a mean value of not less than 124.1 MPa (18 00
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