BS 8878-2010 Web accessibility Code of practice《网络可访问性 实施规程》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationWeb accessibility Code of practiceBS 8878:2010BS 8878:2010 BRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this docunullent indicates nu

2、llhen the docunullent nullas last issuednullnull BSI 2010ISBN null78 0 null80 null2nullnullnull 8InullS nullnullnull2null0nullnull0The nullollonulling BSI renullerences relate to the nullornull on this standard: nullonullnullittee renullerence ISTnullnullnull Dranullt nullor conullnullent 08nullnull

3、0180null87 Dnullnull 10nullnull021877null DnullPublication historynullirst punulllished Nonullenullnuller 2010nullmendments issued since publicationnullate nullenullt affected null BSI 2010 null iBS 8878:2010BRITISH STANDARDContentsnullorenullord iiiIntroduction 11 Scope 22 Nornullatinulle renullere

4、nces 3null Ternullsnull denullnitions and anullnullrenulliations 3null nullnullnulledding nullenull accessinullility nullithin an organinullation null Responsinullilities and docunullentation 3nullnull1 nulllainulls onull connullornullity nullith BS 8878 4nullnull2 Setting nullenull accessinullility

5、 responsinullility and policy nullor the organinullation 4nullnullnull Denullnition onull an organinullational nullenull accessinullility policy 5nullnullnull nullreating accessinullility policies and statenullents nullor each nullenull product 5nullnullnull Denullnition onull a nullenull productnul

6、ls accessinullility policy 6nullnullnull Denullnition onull a nullenull productnulls accessinullility statenullent 7null Honull to nullanulle nullustinullanullle decisions on accessinullility options at each step 8null The process nullor creating accessinullle nullenull products 9nullnull1 Step 1: d

7、enullne the purpose onull the nullenull product 9nullnull2 Step 2: denullne the target audiences nullor the nullenull product 10nullnullnull Step null: analyse the needs onull the target audiences nullor the nullenull product 10nullnullnull Step null: note any platnullornull or technology prenullere

8、nces and restrictions onull the nullenullproductnulls target audiences 11nullnullnull Step null: denullne the relationship the product nullill hanulle nullith its target audiences 11nullnullnull Step null: denullne the user goals and tasnulls the nullenull product needs to pronullide 12nullnull7 Ste

9、p 7: consider the degree onull usernullenullperience the nullenull product nullill ainullto pronullide 12nullnull8 Step 8: consider inclusinulle design and usernullpersonalinulled approaches to accessinullility 13nullnullnull Step null: choose the delinullery platnullornulls to support 14nullnull10

10、Step 10: choose the target nullronullsersnull operating systenulls and assistinulle technologies to support 16nullnull11 Step 11: choose nullhether to create or procure the nullenull product innullhouse or contract out enullternally 17nullnull12 Step 12: denullne the nullenull technologies to nulle

11、used in the nullenull product 17nullnull1null Step 1null: use nullenull guidelines to direct accessinullle nullenull production 18nullnull1null Step 1null: assure the nullenull productnulls accessinullility through production 19nullnull1null Step 1null: conullnullunicate the nullenull productnulls a

12、ccessinullility decisions at launch 20nullnull1null Step 1null: plan to assure accessinullility in all postnulllaunch updates to the product 207 nullsing nullenull accessinullility guidelines to direct the production onull accessinullle nullenull products 217null1 Inclusinulle design guidelines 217n

13、ull2 nullersonalinullation guidelines: nullor indinullidualinulled nullenull product adaptanullility 247nullnull Accessinullility guidelines nullor nullenull products on nonnullconullputer platnullornulls 247nullnull nulluidelines nullor accessinullle nullenull design nullor older people 258 Assurin

14、g accessinullility throughout a nullenull productnulls linullecycle 268null1 Sunullnullary onull approach 268null2 nullathering renulluirenullents nullronull disanullled users 278nullnull nullreating an accessinullility test plan 278nullnull Accessinullility testing nullethods 288nullnull nullostnul

15、llaunch progranullnulle onull accessinullility testing 31nullnnenullesAnnenull A nullnornullatinullenull Nornullatinulle renullerences 33Annenull B nullnornullatinullenull Ternullsnull denullnitions and anullnullrenulliations 33Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull Disanullility and the lanull

16、36Annenull D nullinnullornullatinullenull Business case nullor nullanulling nullenull products accessinullle 46BS 8878:2010ii null null BSI 2010BRITISH STANDARDAnnenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull nullnullanullples onull a nullenull accessinullility policy and nullenull accessinullility staten

17、ullent 47Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull Allocation onull responsinullilities 52Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull The accessinullility challenges onull dinullnullerent types onull nullenull product 54Annenull H nullinnullornullatinullenull Honull disanullled and older people enul

18、lperience nullenull products 57Annenull I nullinnullornullatinullenull nullnullanullples onull nullenull product purposesnull audiencesnull user goalsnull user tasnulls and degrees onull usernullenullperience nullor those tasnulls 65Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull nulleasuring user succes

19、s 67Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull The usernullpersonalinulled approach to accessinullility 68Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull nullrocurenullent onull authoring toolsnull sonulltnullarenull conullponents or nullenullnullsernullices 70Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull A

20、 guide to dealing nullith correspondence and conullplaints anullout a nullenull productnulls accessinullility 74Annenull N nullinnullornullatinullenull Suggested user pronullles 76Annenull null nullinnullornullatinullenull A guide to user testing nullith disanullled and older people 77Binullliograph

21、y 79nullist of nullguresnulligure nullnull1 null Architecture nullor usernullpersonalinulled accessinullility 69nulligure nullnull1 null Decision process nullor sonulltnullare selection 72Summary of pagesThis docunullent conullprises a nullront conullernull an inside nullront conullernull pages i to

22、 inullnull pages 1 to 82null an inside nullacnull conuller and a nullacnull conullernullnull BSI 2010 null iiiBS 8878:2010BRITISH STANDARDnullorenullordPublishing informationThis British Standard is punulllished nully BSI and canulle into enullnullect on null0 Nonullenullnuller 2010null It nullas pr

23、epared nully Technical nullonullnullittee ISTnullnullnullnull nullenull accessinullilitynull A list onull organinullations represented on this conullnullittee can nulle onulltained on renulluest to its secretarynullnullelationship nullith other publicationsThis British Standard is nullased on nullAS

24、 78:200nullnull nullhich nullill nulle nullithdranullnnullnullnformation about this documentThe content onull nullAS 78:200null has nulleen nullully renullised and updated to renullect current good practice in the nulluilding and nullaintenance onull accessinullle nullenull productsnullnullse of thi

25、s documentAs a code onull practicenull this British Standard tanulles the nullornull onull guidance and reconullnullendationsnull It should not nulle nulluoted as inull it nullere a specinullcation and particular care should nulle tanullen to ensure that clainulls onull conullpliance are not nullisl

26、eadingnullAny user clainulling conullpliance nullith this British Standard is enullpected to nulle anullle to nullustinully any course onull action that denulliates nullronull its reconullnullendationsnullNnullTnull 1 See also nullnull1nullPresentational connullentionsThe reconullnullendations in th

27、is standard are enullpressed in sentences in nullhich the principal aunulliliary nullernull is nullshouldnullnullnullonullnullentarynull enullplanation and general innullornullatinulle nullaterial is presented in snullallernullindented typenull and does not constitute a nornullatinulle elenullentnul

28、lThe nullord nullshouldnull is used to enullpress reconullnullendations onull this standardnull The nullord nullnullaynull is used in the tenullt to enullpress pernullissinullilitynull enullgnull as an alternatinulle to the prinullary reconullnullendation onull the nulllausenull The nullord nullcann

29、ull is used to enullpress possinullilitynull enullgnull a consenulluence onull an action or an enullentnullNotes and conullnullentaries are pronullided throughout the tenullt onull this standardnull Notes ginulle renullerences and additional innullornullation that are inullportant nullut do not null

30、ornull part onull the reconullnullendationsnull nullonullnullentaries ginulle nullacnullground innullornullationnullNnullTnull 2 Annenull A contains a list onull docunullents renullerenced nornullatinullelynull Annenull B contains a list onull ternulls and denullnitionsnull Annenull null to Annenull

31、 null are innullornullatinulle annenulles pronulliding innullornullation and guidancenull they are intended to nulle read in connullunction nullith nulllause 1 to nulllause 8 onull this British StandardnullAdditional nullaterial supporting the case nullor BS 8878 is indicated nully nunullnullers in

32、snulluare nullracnulletsnull nullhich cross renullerence to a list in the BinullliographynullContractual and legal considerationsThis punulllication does not purport to include all the necessary pronullisions onull a contractnullnullsers are responsinullle nullor its correct applicationnullComplianc

33、e nullith a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligationsnullIn particularnull attention is dranulln to the nullnulluality Act 2010 null1null and the Disanullility Discrinullination Act 1nullnullnull nullDDAnull null2nullnull Renullerences to the lanull in this British Standard are

34、intended as general innullornullation onlynull Any opinions enullpressed are those onull the conullnullittee responsinullle nullor this British Standard and do not constitute legal adnullicenullBS 8878:2010inull null null BSI 2010BRITISH STANDARDThis page deliberately left blanknull BSI 2010 null 1B

35、S 8878:2010BRITISH STANDARDnullntroductionA nullenull product in this British Standard:null is denullned as any nullenullsitenull nullenullnullsernullicenull or nullenullnullnullased nullornullplace application nullenullgnull nullenullnullnullased enullail internullacenull nullhich is delinullered t

36、o users nullia Internet nullrotocolnullthrough a nullenull nullronullsernullnull includes: nullenullnullnullased nullirtual learning ennullironnullentsnull Rich Internet Applications nullRIAnullnullnullSonulltnullare as a Sernullicenullnullnullloud conullputing sernullices pronullided through a null

37、ronullsernull and internetnullenanullled nullnullidgetsnull that can nulle run inside and outside the nullronullser using desnulltop runtinulles such as nullanulla or Adonulle Airnullnull could nulle nullienulled on dinullnullerent internetnullenanullled platnullornullsnull including conullputersnul

38、lnullonullile phones and other internetnullenanullled denullices such as eBoonull readersnull tanulllets and telenullisionsnullNnullTnull 1 A nullenullnullsernullice in this standard is denullned as a set onull nullenull products that are nullade anullailanullle nullor use nully audiences nullthe ge

39、neral punulllicnull or the nullore linullited and controlled audiences onull intranets or enulltranetsnull nullia Inull and HyperTenullt Transnuller nullrotocol nullHTTnullnullnullNnullTnull 2 nullhile this standard does not go into detail on honull to nullanulle internetnullenanullled applications

40、nullhich run outside the nullronullser nullenullgnull Apple inullhone apps or Nonullia nullnulli appsnullaccessinulllenull nullost onull the guidance in this standard can nulle used to innullornull their design and denullelopnullent nullsee also 7nullnullnull1nullnullNnullTnull null This standard do

41、es NnullT conuller the general accessinullility onull desnulltop sonulltnullarenullas other standards nullsuch as BS nullN ISnull null2null1null171null already address thisnullnullany nullenull products unnecessarily enullclude disanullled or others nullith accessinullility renulluirenullentsnull nu

42、llor enullanullple older people aged null0 or onullernull nullhich nullay leanulle organinullations sunullnullect to legal challengenull Honullenullernull nully nullollonulling good practice in creatingnull updating or procuring nullenull productsnull this enullclusion generally can nulle prenullent

43、ednullThis British Standard sets a process rather than technical specinullcationsnull It nullrings together and sunullnullarinulles inullportant innullornullation needed to enanullle organinullations that create nullenull products to understand:null honull to create organinullational policies to enu

44、llnulled accessinullility concerns into their nullusiness as usualnull andnull honull to ensure they consider the needs onull disanullled and older people at all stages onull the nullenull production processnullThere are three nullain drinullers nullor organinullations to tanulle steps to nullanulle

45、 their nullenull products nullore accessinullle and usanulllenullnullegal reasons nullsee Annenull nullnull:null Inull an organinullationnulls nullenull product is not accessinullle to a disanullled personnull that person nullight hanulle grounds nullor nullanulling a clainull against the organinull

46、ation under the nullnulluality Act 2010 null1null or the Disanullility Discrinullination Act 1nullnullnull nullDDAnull null2nullnullnullonullnullercial reasons nullsee Annenull Dnull:null Accessinullle nullenull products can nulle used nully a nulluch nullider audience than inaccessinullle nullenull

47、 productsnull opening products up to the nullidest pool onull potential usersnullcustonullersnullnull The nunullnullers onull people nullho could nullenenullt nullronull nullore accessinullle nullenull productsnull or could nulle enullcluded nullronull products nullhich are not accessinulllenull are

48、 signinullcantnullnull There are nullore than 11 nullillion disanullled people in the nullnull nullnullnullnullnull There are nearly 12 nullillion people onull state pension age nullnullnull nullhonull nullhile they nullay not nulle legally considered disanulllednull could enullperience dinullnullcu

49、lties using technology caused nully the enullnullects onull agenullrelated capanullility changenull The nunullnuller onull people aged null0 or onuller is pronullected to rise nully onuller null0 per cent in the nenullt 2null years nullnullnullnullBS 8878:20102 null null BSI 2010BRITISH STANDARDnull There are also nullany other nonnulldisanullled people nullho could nullenenullt nullronull nullore accessinullle nullenull products nullnullnullnull These people includenull nullor enullanullple: the 7 nullillion adults in nullngland nullith a reading age onull less than an 11 yearnullold null7