1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 9251:2014Fire sprinkler systems fordomestic and residentialoccupancies Code ofpracticePublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2014Published by BSI
2、 Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82422 7ICS 13.220.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference FSH/18/2Draft for comment 14/30280481 DCPublication historyFirst published as DD 251, April 2000First edition as BS 9251, January 2005Second (present) editio
3、n, October 2014Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 9251:2014 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 24 Preliminary work and consultation 55 Design 86 Installation, commissioning and documentation 207 Maintenance 2
4、3AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Elements of a typical residential sprinkler system 25Annex B (informative) Sprinkler performance, reliability and resilience forsystems installed in the homes of vulnerable people 26Annex C (normative) Hydraulic calculations 27Annex D (normative) Pipework support 33Anne
5、x E (informative) Hydraulic test 33Annex F (informative) Example of system data label 35Bibliography 36List of figuresFigure 1 Stored water supply 14Figure A.1 Elements of a typical mains-fed sprinkler system 25Figure A.2 Elements of a typical pump and tank sprinkler system 25Figure C.1 Example of a
6、 square law graduation graph 32Figure C.2 Blank template of a square law graduation graph 32Figure E.1 Test rig for hydraulic test 34Figure F.1 Example of system data label 35List of tablesTable 1 Category of system 7Table 2 Minimum design parameters 9Table C.1 C values for various type of pipes 29T
7、able C.2a K values for carbon steel tube conforming to BS EN 10255,Medium series 29Table C.2b K values for CPVC conforming to ASTM F442 29Table C.2c K values for copper tube conforming to BS EN 1057:2006+A1,half-hard, R250 designation 29Table C.3a Typical equivalent lengths for steel fittings and va
8、lves 30Table C.3b Typical equivalent lengths for CPVC fittings and valves 30Table C.3c Typical equivalent lengths for copper fittings and valves 31Table D.1 Maximum spacing of fixings for copper and stainless steelpipework 33Table D.2 Maximum spacing of fixings for steel pipework 33Table D.3 Maximum
9、 spacing of fixings for CPVC pipework 33Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 38, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 9251:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iForewordPublishing informationThis British St
10、andard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 October 2014.It was prepared by Subcommittee FSH/18/2, Sprinkler systems, under theauthority of Technical Committee FSH/18, Fixed fire fighting systems. A list oforganization
11、s represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 9251:2005, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsAttention is drawn to the requirements of BS EN 806, with particular regard tobackflow prevention, to BS EN 805
12、 where appropriate, and to BS 1710 forguidance on identification and marking of pipework.Sprinkler protection for industrial premises and commercial buildings other thanthose listed in this standard is specified in BS EN 12845. Where sprinklers are notinstalled primarily for life protection in domes
13、tic and residential occupancies,sprinkler installations conforming to BS EN 12845 might be more appropriatethan those conforming to BS 9251.Guidance on the application of sprinkler systems is given in BS 9991, BS 9999,the Building Regulations 2010, Approved Document B for use in England 1, 2,Wales 3
14、, 4 and its equivalents in Scotland 5 and Northern Ireland 6.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: introduction of building categorization based on occupancy risk; change of building height limit; variation in sprinkler
15、 head design density; increase in sprinkler head spacing; expanded guidance on preliminary work and consultation; expanded guidance on water supplies; additional measures for vulnerable people and multi-occupancy premises.This British Standard is intended for the use of designers, engineers, archite
16、cts,surveyors, contractors, installers and authorities having jurisdiction.Product certification/inspection/testing. Users of this British Standard are advisedto consider the desirability of third-party certification/inspection/testing ofsystem conformity with this British Standard. Appropriate conf
17、ormity attestationarrangements are described in BS EN ISO 9001. Users seeking assistance inidentifying appropriate conformity assessment bodies or schemes may ask BSI toforward their enquiries to the relevant association.Fire sprinkler systems for domestic and residential applications are designed a
18、ndinstalled as a measure in the protection of life in the event of fire. This BritishStandard presumes that the sprinkler protection will form part of an integratedfire safety system as part of the building design.BRITISH STANDARDBS 9251:2014ii The British Standards Institution 2014The recommendatio
19、ns contained in this British Standard result from the besttechnical information available to the committee at the time of writing.Firefighting and life protection encompasses a wide field of endeavour and assuch it is impracticable to cover every possible factor or circumstance that mightaffect impl
20、ementation of this British Standard.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user
21、claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced
22、people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type.Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is
23、presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer
24、immunity from legalobligations.Particular attention is drawn to the Water Supply (Water Fittings)Regulations 1999 7, the Water Supply (Water Fittings) (Scotland)Byelaws 2014 8 and the Water Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006 9in respect of requirements for any fire sprinkler system which conveys, o
25、ris likely to convey, water supplied by a water undertaker or licensedwater supplier.BRITISH STANDARD BS 9251:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 9251:2014This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 2014IntroductionSprinkler systems have demons
26、trated their value in protecting life and propertyin industrial and commercial applications for many years. The advent ofsprinklers that operate at an earlier stage in the development of a fire, plus therecognition that the largest numbers of deaths from fire occur in the home,have led to the introd
27、uction of sprinkler systems specifically designed fordomestic and residential occupancies.A correctly designed and installed sprinkler system can detect and control a fireat an early stage of development and activate an alarm. Operation of thesystem rapidly reduces the rate of production of heat and
28、 smoke, allowing moretime for the occupants to escape to safety or be rescued.This British Standard accordingly covers design, installation, components, watersupplies, maintenance and testing of residential sprinkler systems installed forthe purpose of reducing risk to life.In classifying the design
29、 of the system for any occupancy, care needs to be takenwhen considering the fire loading such that it does not exceed that whichwould normally be expected in that occupancy.Residential sprinkler systems consist of a water supply, backflow preventiondevice (e.g. check valve), stop valve, priority de
30、mand valve (where required),automatic alarm system and pipework to sprinkler heads. The sprinklers arefitted at specified locations, the appropriate sprinkler type being used for eachlocation. The main elements of a typical residential sprinkler system are shownin Annex A.Sprinklers operate at a pre
31、determined temperature to discharge water over aknown area below. The flow of water thus initiated causes the actuation of analarm. Only those sprinklers operate which are individually heated above theiroperating temperature by the heat from the fire.The provision of a sprinkler system does not nega
32、te the need for other fireprecautions or practical measures, which can include structural fire resistance,escape routes, fire detectors and good fire safety management practices. Evenwith the installation of a sprinkler system, normal actions on the discovery of afire need to be taken, such as immed
33、iate evacuation and the calling of the fireservice. The sprinkler system is normally only to be turned off following liaisonwith the fire and rescue service and when it is deemed safe to do so.Sprinkler system maintenance is not complex but is essential (see Clause 7). It isimportant that owners and
34、 occupiers are provided with adequate information.Systems installed in accordance with this standard are primarily for the purposeof reducing risk to life, and are expected to prevent flashover (i.e. totalinvolvement) in the room of origin of the fire and thus provide increased timefor occupants to
35、escape or be rescued.1 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the design, installation,components, water supplies and backflow protection, commissioning,maintenance and testing of fire sprinkler systems in domestic and residentialoccupancies. These systems are primarily intended for th
36、e protection of life incase of fire and have additional benefits for property protection, environmentalprotection, sustainability of buildings and continuity of use, and firefightersafety.The recommendations of this British Standard are also applicable to anyaddition, extension, repair or other modi
37、fication to a residential sprinklersystem.BRITISH STANDARD BS 9251:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 12 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edit
38、ion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.ASTM F442, Standard specification for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)plastic pipe (SDRPR)BS 5839-1:2013, Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings Part 1: Code
39、of practice for design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of systems innon-domestic premisesBS 5839-6:2013, Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings Part 6: Codeof practice for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of firedetection and fire alarm systems in dom
40、estic premisesBS 8558, Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of servicessupplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages Complementary guidance to BS EN 806BS 9252, Components for residential sprinkler systems Specification and testmethods for residential s
41、prinklersBS EN 805, Water supply Requirements for systems and components outsidebuildingsBS EN 806 (all parts)1), Specifications for installations inside buildings conveyingwater for human consumptionBS EN 1057:2006+A1:2010, Copper and copper alloys Seamless, round coppertubes for water and gas in s
42、anitary and heating applicationsBS EN 10226-1, Pipe threads where pressure tight joints are made on thethreads Part 1: Taper external threads and parallel internal threads Dimensions, tolerances and designationBS EN 10226-2, Pipe threads where pressure tight joints are made on thethreads Part 2: Tap
43、er external threads and taper internal threads Dimensions,tolerances and designationBS EN 10255, Non-alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading Technical delivery conditionsBS EN 12259-1, Fixed firefighting systems Components for sprinkler and waterspray systems Part 1: Sprinklers2)BS EN I
44、SO 9453, Soft solder alloys Chemical compositions and forms3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 alarm devicedevice for detecting water flow in or through a sprinkler system and initiatingan alarm signal1)This standard also give
45、s an informative reference to BS EN 806-2:2005.2)This standard also gives informative references to BS EN 12259-1:1999.BRITISH STANDARDBS 9251:20142 The British Standards Institution 20143.2 alarm receiving centrecontinuously manned premises, remote from those in which a fire detection andfire alarm
46、 system is fitted, where the information concerning the state of thefire alarm system is displayed and/or recorded, so that the fire and rescue servicecan be summoned3.3 alarm test valvevalve through which water can be discharged to test the operation of an alarmdevice3.4 area of operationmaximum ar
47、ea over which it is assumed, for design purposes, that sprinklers willoperate in a fireNOTE This is sometimes referred to as the “assumed maximum area of operation”.SOURCE: BS EN 12845:2004+A2, 3.9, modified Note from BS 5306-0:2011added3.5 authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)organization, office, or
48、 individual responsible for enforcing the requirements oflegislation or standards, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation,or a procedure3.6 backflowmovement of the fluid from downstream to upstream within an installationSOURCE: BS EN 1717:2000, 3.53.7 backflow prevention devicedevice
49、 that is intended to prevent contamination of wholesome water bybackflow in a water supply systemSOURCE: BS EN 1717:2000, 3.6, modified additional words included3.8 compartmentarea completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling, where any openings are notmore than 2 500 mm in width, and have either:a) a lintel depth of not less than 200 mm; orb) a single opening of not more than 900 mm in width without a lintel, withno other openingsNOTE This is not the same as a compartment a
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