BS 975-1987 Schedule for density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of nitric acid《硝酸水溶液的密度 成分一览表》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS975:1987 Schedule for Density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of nitric acid UDC 531.756(083.4/.6):546.175323:54145.2BS975:1987 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee,was published underthe authority o

2、f the BoardofBSI and comes into effecton 23December1987 BSI01-2000 First published August1941 First revision December1957 Second revision December1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LBC/5 Draft for comment86/50536 DC ISBN 0 580 16205 2 Committee

3、s responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee (LBC/-) to Technical Committee LBC/5, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Laboratory Ware Association Department of Trade and Industry (

4、Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Department of Trade and Industry (National Weights and Measures Laboratory) Institute of Brewing Institute of Petroleum National Sulphuric Acid Association Royal Society of Chemistry Scientific Glassware Association Scotch Whisky Association Society of Glass Tec

5、hnology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS975:1987 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Basis of Table 1 1 3 Application of Table 1 1 Appendix A Correction of readings taken on BS hydrometers 30 Appendix B BS

6、 hydrometers available for use in conjunction with the tables 33 Appendix C Examples of the use of Table 1 in conjunction with BS hydrometers 35 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of nitric acid 2 Table 2 Corrections to be applied to obtain density at t 30 Table 3 Temperature co

7、rrections for BS hydrometers 30 Table 4 Surface tensions of aqueous solutions of nitric acid at20 C 31 Table 5 Maximum errors introduced by ignoring surface tension when reading BS hydrometers, adjusted for55mN/m, in aqueous solutions of nitric acid in an ordinary hydrometer jar 31 Table 6 Maximum e

8、rrors due to omission of all corrections to BS hydrometers adjusted for55mN/m 32 Table 7 BS hydrometers available for use in aqueous solutions of nitric acid 34 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS975:1987 ii BSI 01-2000 Foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared under the direction of

9、the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee. This BritishStandard was first published in1941 and was revised in1957. This revision supersedes the1957 edition which is withdrawn. This BritishStandard is related to ISO2990:1974 “Nitric acid for industrial useEvaluation of the nitric acid concentratio

10、n by measurement of density”, prepared by Technical Committee TC47, Chemistry, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the active participation and approval of the United Kingdom. However, ISO2990:1974 has not been implemented as a dual numbered standard because the table i

11、s restricted to a single temperature(20 C) and densities over a range of temperatures are required in the United Kingdom. Together with hydrometers the tables provide a simple means of determining the strength of any given aqueous solution of nitric acid, or making up solutions of known strength. Th

12、e tables may, or course, be used with other methods of determining density (for example, see BS733). The previous edition of this BritishStandard made reference to density and specific gravity hydrometers complying with BS718:1953. When BS718 was revised in1979 it was aligned as far as possible with

13、 the intentions of Technical Committee48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The term “specific gravity” was replaced by “relative density”, scales of relative density were excluded, and scales marked in kilograms per cubic metre

14、were introduced as an alternative to grams per millilitre. Users who had a continuing need for relative density hydrometers (d 60/60 F) were referred to ISO650. The readings of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer can readily be corrected (see Appendix A) to yield density (in kg/m 3 ) of the liquid

15、at the temperature at which the hydrometer is used. Within1 to2parts in1000 readings at a temperature t (in C) of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer can be taken as the density (in kg/m 3 ) at t. To an accuracy which is very frequently adequate (within1part in1000) the reading at a temperature t b

16、etween10 C and40 C on a20 C or15 C density hydrometer complying with BS718 may be accepted as the density (in kg/m 3 ) of the liquid at t. Density and relative density hydrometers therefore may often be used without correction. Appendix A gives information on how the highest accuracy can be obtained

17、. Recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with these tables are given in Appendix B. Appendix C gives examples of the use of density-composition tables in conjunction with these hydrometers. The principal differences between BS975:1957 and this edition are: a)

18、 density, in Table 1, is given in kilograms per cubic metre instead of grams per millilitre; b) SI units have been used throughout and, where applicable, the tables have been recomputed; c) recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with Table 1 have been revised

19、 to accord with BS718; d) the temperature calculations given in Table 3 have been computed using the value of the thermal cubical expansion coefficient quoted in ISO1768 for use in the preparation of measurement tables for liquids.BS975:1987 BSI 01-2000 iii A British Standard does not purport to inc

20、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page

21、si to iv, pages1to36, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS975:1987 BSI 01-2000 1 1 Scope This BritishStandard gives table

22、s that enable the composition of an aqueous solution of nitric acid to be determined from its density at temperatures between10 C and40 C. Appendix A gives information on the corrections that are necessary when density is determined by a hydrometer complying with BS718 1) . Appendix B gives informat

23、ion on the choice of BS hydrometers that are suitable for the determination of density of nitric acid solutions. Appendix C gives examples of the use of a BS hydrometer in conjunction with Table 1. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2

24、 Basis of Table 1 Table 1 is based on data obtained from the International Critical Tables(1928) Vol.III, page58, which are still accepted as authoritative. It should be observed that the table relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air. 3 Application of Table 1 Table 1 is arranged primarily for e

25、ase in determining the strength of an aqueous solution of nitric acid of known density. The density of a solution of known strength can, however, be obtained quite readily from the table. Moreover, by the application of small allowances (see Appendix A) Table 1 can be used to find the strength of so

26、lutions of known relative density or the relative density of solutions of known strength. Consider, for example, a solution containing10g of HNO 3in100g of solution, i.e.one for which g =10. By looking up the value of D tcorresponding to the value g=10 under any particular temperature in Table 1, th

27、e density of the solution at that temperature can be obtained. Thus, for example, the density of the solution is1058kg/m 3at10 C,1054kg/m 3at20 C, etc. Due allowance, based on the density of water at the various temperatures concerned, can then be made to find the corresponding relative densities at

28、 the same temperature as the acid. It should be observed that the percentage composition g of a solution is independent of its temperature, but G, the number of grams of nitric acid in1L of solution, varies with the temperature of the solution owing to the change in volume of the solution with chang

29、e in temperature. Hence, the concentration G should always be associated with a particular temperature. For a given value of G applicable at a particular temperature, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density of the solution at the specified temperature or at any other temperature within the range o

30、f the table. The value of G for the solution at temperatures other than the specified one can also be obtained. For example, consider a solution1L of which, at20 C, contains201g of HNO 3 . Under20 C in Table 1 the value of D tcorresponding to G=201 is1104kg/m 3and the corresponding value of g is18.2

31、g. By tracing the value g=18.2g through the table, and interpolating where necessary, the density D tat various temperatures of the solution containing201g of HNO 3in1L of solution at20 C can be obtained and also the number of grams of HNO 3in1L of the solution at various temperatures. The following

32、 are examples of values which may thus be obtained. 1) From hereon referred to as a BS hydrometer. t HNO 3in100g of solution Density of solution at t HNO 3in1L of solution at t C 10 20 30 40 g 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 kg/m 3 1109 1104 1098 1092 g 202 201 200 199BS975:1987 2 BSI 01-2000 Table 1 Density-co

33、mposition table for aqueous solutions of nitric acid D tis the density (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the density D t , and that the re

34、ading of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001 greater than (see Appendix A). g is the mass (in g) of HNO 3in100g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of HNO 3in a quantity of solution occupying1L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. t 10 C 12 C 14 C 16 C 18

35、 C 20 C 22 C 24 C D t g G g G g G g G g G g G g G g G 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7

36、1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.2 2 4 6 8 9 11 13 15 17 18 20 22 24 26 28 29 31 33 35 37 38 40 42 44 46 48 49 51 53 55 57 59 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 75 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.

37、4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 1 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 26 28 30 32 34 35 37 39 41 43 45 46 48 50 52 54 56 57 59 61 63 65 67 68 70 72 74 76 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 3

38、.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.4 1 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 23 25 27 29 31 32 34 36 38 40 42 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 56 58 60 62 64 66 67 69 71 73 75 77 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4

39、3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.5 2 4 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 46 48 50 52 54 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 68 70 72 74 76 78 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1

40、 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 75 77 79 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4

41、.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.7 3 5 7 9 11 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 76 78 80 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2

42、 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.8 4 6 8 10 12 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 81 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7

43、5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 5 7 9 11 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 D t/ 1 000BS975:1987 BSI 01-2000 3Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of nitric acid D tis the density (m

44、ass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m 3 ) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the density D t , and that the reading of a60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically0.001 gr

45、eater than (see Appendix A). g is the mass (in g) of HNO 3in100g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of HNO 3in a quantity of solution occupying1L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. 26 C 28 C 30 C 32 C 34 C 36 C 38 C 40 C t g G g G g G g G g G g G g G g G D t 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

46、 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.1 6 8 10 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 78 80 82 84 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9

47、 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.2 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

48、 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 79 81 83 85 87 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.

49、9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 10 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 59 61 63 65 67 69 71