BS CP 118-1969 The structural use of aluminium《建筑结构用铝》.pdf

1、CODE OF PRACTICE CP 118:1969 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 The structural use of aluminium UDC 669.71:624.014.7CP118:1969 This Code of Practice has been prepared by a Committee convened by the Codes of PracticeCommittee for Building.Itwas published underthe authority of the Executive Boardon 18June

2、1969 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this Code ofPractice: Committee reference BLCP/55 Draft for comment 67/20192 ISBN 580 05520 5 The Committee is indebted to the following for valuable assistance in connection with certain sections of the Code: Mr. B.T.B. Baiden, Dr.

3、 P.S. Bulson, Mr. T.R. Gurney, Mr. J.R. Hall, Mr. W.L. Perry, Professor K.C. Rockey, Mr. R.E. Smith, Mr. G.H. Sowden, Dr. E.V. Tull and Dr. J.G. Whitman. Code drafting committee BLCP/55 Structural aluminium (Secretariat: Institution of Structural Engineers a ) Mr. S. R. Banks (Chairman) Representing

4、: Mr. W. J. Meredith Aluminium Federation Mr. G. E. Norris Mr. G. Wood Association of Consulting Engineers Mr. P. Aldworth b British Standards Institution Mr. J. G. Young British Welding Research Association d Dr. J. B. Menzies Building Research Station Mr. L. W. Gold c Greater London Council Mr. A.

5、 L. Hale Institute of Welding d Mr. R. A. Foulkes (Vice Chairman) Institution of Civil Engineers Mr. S. R. Banks Mr. L. P. Bowen Mr. R. M. Davies Institution of Structural Engineers Mr. J. B. Dwight Mr. J. W. Strong e Mr. R. J. Hancock Ministry of Public Building and Works Mr. A. W. Torry Royal Aero

6、nautical Society Mr. F. S. Alexander Royal Institute of British Architects Mr. I. J. Philip Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Mr. W. A. W. Lankshear Co-opted Mr. R. McLester a Transferred to the British Standards Institution in July, 1968. b Resigned in November, 1967 and replaced by Mr. J. J

7、. Rendell. c Deceased August, 1967. d Became part of the Welding Institute in March, 1968. e Resigned in June, 1965 and replaced by Mr. J. H. Howlett. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 1129 March 1973 Indicated by a sideline in the marginCP118:1969 BSI 11-1999 i Con

8、tents Page Foreword v 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions and symbols 1 2 Materials 3 2.1 Designation of material 3 2.2 Selection of material 3 2.3 Relevant standards 5 2.4 Structural sections 6 2.5 Tolerances 7 3 Loading 7 3.1 General 7 3.2 Dead load 7 3.3 Live or imposed loads, and impact effe

9、cts 7 3.4 Wind 8 3.5 Temperature 8 3.6 Other loads 8 4 Design 8 4.1 General 8 4.1.1 Factors affecting design 8 4.1.2 Design requirements 8 4.1.3 Permissible stresses 8 4.1.4 Combined stresses 12 4.1.5 Temperature limitations 13 4.1.6 Thicknesses 13 4.2 Ties 13 4.2.1 Axially loaded ties 13 4.2.2 Ecce

10、ntrically loaded ties 13 4.3 Struts 14 4.3.1 Axially loaded struts 14 4.3.2 Eccentrically loaded struts 14 4.3.3 Torsional buckling 15 4.3.4 Battened struts 15 4.3.5 Laced struts 22 4.3.6 Welded struts 22 4.3.7 Maximum slenderness ratio 23 4.4 Beams 24 4.4.1 Beams in general: deflection 24 4.4.2 Bea

11、ms in general: section properties 24 4.4.3 Beams in general: permissible stresses 25 4.4.4 Beams in general: lateral buckling 25 4.4.5 Beams in general: with end loads 30 4.4.6 Built-up beams: construction details 30 4.4.7 Built-up beams: permissible stresses 34 4.5 Thin plates, webs and flanges 40

12、4.5.1 Local buckling in compression 40 4.5.2 Shear buckling 42 4.5.3 Buckling due to bending, axial compression and shear 42 4.6 Joints 42CP118:1969 ii BSI 11-1999 Page 4.6.1 General 42 4.6.2 Bolted and riveted joints 42 4.6.3 Welded joints 44 4.6.4 Glued joints 46 4.6.5 Other joints 46 4.7 Fatigue

13、46 4.7.1 General 46 4.7.2 Loads and stresses 46 4.7.3 Permissible stresses 47 4.7.4 Classification of structural members 49 5 Testing 68 5.1 General 68 5.2 Static acceptance test 69 5.3 Fatigue acceptance test 70 6 Fabrication and erection 71 6.1 General 71 6.2 Bolting and riveting 72 6.3 Welding 72

14、 6.4 Glued joints 74 6.5 Inspection and safety 74 7 Protection 75 7.1 Protection from environment 75 7.2 Painting 75 7.3 Metal spraying 77 7.4 Metal-to-metal contact surfaces, and bolted and riveted joints 77 7.5 Welded joints 79 7.6 Glued joints 79 7.7 Contact between aluminium and non-metallic mat

15、erials 79 7.8 Protection against fire 80 Appendix A Nomenclature of aluminium products 81 Appendix BForeign equivalents of U.K. aluminium alloys 83 Appendix C Supplementary alloys 84 Appendix D Derivation of permissible stresses 86 Appendix E Deduction for holes in members 89 Appendix F Torsional pr

16、operties of thin-walled open sections 90 Appendix G Torsional buckling 100 Appendix H Lateral buckling of beams 102 Appendix J Stresses in webs of built-up beams 105 Appendix K Local buckling of channels and I-sections 105 Appendix L Design of welded joints 112 Appendix M Edge preparations for welde

17、d joints 116 Appendix N Tabulated stresses for fatigue 124 Figure 1 Permissible compressive stresses in struts 10 Figure 2 Permissible compressive stresses in beams and thin plates 11 Figure 3 Values of k tfor plain channels 20 Figure 4 Values of k tfor lipped channels 21 Figure 5 Batten dimensions

18、and spacing 23 Figure 6 Permissible average shear stresses in unstiffened webs and thinplates 26 Figure 7 Values of k latfor I-sections and channels 28CP118:1969 BSI 11-1999 iii Page Figure 8 Values of k latfor rectangular sections 29 Figure 9 Optimum spacing of longitudinal stiffeners 33 Figure 10

19、Permissible bending compressive stresses for webs in purebending 36 Figure 11 Buckling coefficient k bfor combined bending and axial compression 37 Figure 12 Limiting ratios of compressive and shear stresses 38 Figure 13 Permissible average shear stresses in stiffened webs 39 Figure 14 Maximum and m

20、inimum stresses, and stress cycle 48 Figure 15 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 1 members 50 Figure 16 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 2 members 52 Figure 17 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcy

21、cles for Class 3 members 54 Figure 18 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 4 members 56 Figure 19 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 5 members 58 Figure 20 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for

22、Class 6 members 60 Figure 21 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 7 members 62 Figure 22 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 8 members 64 Figure 23 Curves relating maximum stress, stress ratio and numberofcycles for Class 9 m

23、embers 66 Figure 24 Form of compression buckling diagrams 88 Figure 25 Choice of lines for deduction of holes 89 Figure 26 Constants for torsion factor for certain fillets and bulbs 93 Figure 27 Notation for calculating shear-centre position and warping factor 94 Figure 28 Shear-centre position and

24、warping factor for certain thin-walledsections 99 Figure 29 Values of the interaction coefficient k 101 Figure 30 Values of m for plain channels 106 Figure 31 Values of m for plain I-sections 107 Figure 32 Values of m for lipped channels 108 Figure 33 Values of m for lipped I-sections 110 Table 1 Pr

25、operties of principal alloys 4 Table 2 Bolt and rivet materials 5 Table 3 Filler wire for inert-gas welding 7 Table 4 Permissible stresses for principal alloys 9 Table 5 Outstanding-leg deductions for single-bay ties 14 Table 6 Effective lengths of struts 14 Table 7 Values of 2 tfor struts 16 Table

26、8 Values of C 1and C 2for webs 25 Table 9 Condition-of-restraint factor k 1 27 Table 10 Bending-moment-shape factor k 2 30 Table 11 Local buckling coefficient m 41 Table 12 Permissible stresses for bolts and rivets 43CP118:1969 iv BSI 11-1999 Page Table 13 Hole clearances for bolts and rivets 44 Tab

27、le 14 Permissible stresses for welded joints and reduced-strength zones 45 Table 15 Information for welding procedure 73 Table 16 Mechanical test requirements for butt-weld procedure andwelderapproval 74 Table 17 General protection of aluminium structures 76 Table 18 Protection at joints of aluminiu

28、m to aluminium 78 Table 19 Protection at joints of aluminium to zinc or galvanized steel 78 Table 20 Protection at joints of aluminium to steel, cast iron or lead 78 Table 21 Protection at joints of aluminium to corrosion-resisting steel 79 Table 22 Foreign equivalents of U.K.aluminium alloys 83 Tab

29、le 23 Properties of supplementary alloys 85 Table 24 Permissible stresses for supplementary alloys 86 Table 25A Specimen calculation of shear-centre position and warping factor 96 Table 25B Specimen calculation of shear-centre position and warping factor 98 Table 26 Condition-of-restraint factor k 1

30、 103 Table 27 Bending-moment-shape factor k 2 104 Table 28 Cross-section-shape factor k 3 105 Table 29 Illustrations of welded joints 113 Table 30 Edge preparations for butt welds without backing bars 117 Table 31 Edge preparations for butt welds with temporary backing bars 119 Table 32 Recommended

31、temporary-backing-bar dimensions 120 Table 33 Edge preparations for butt welds with permanent backing bars 120 Table 34 Edge preparations for corner welds without backing bars 121 Table 35 Edge preparations for corner welds with temporary backing bars 122 Table 36 Edge preparations for corner welds

32、with permanent backing bars 123 Table 37 Edge preparations for lap and fillet welds 124 Table 38 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 1 members 125 Table 39 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 2 members 126 Table 40 Relat

33、ionship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 3 members 127 Table 41 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 4 members 128 Table 42 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 5 members 129 Table 43 Relation

34、ship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 6 members 130 Table 44 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 7 members 131 Table 45 Relationship of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 8 members 132 Table 46 Relationshi

35、p of maximum stress, stress ratio and number of cycles for Class 9 members 133CP118:1969 BSI 11-1999 v Foreword This Code makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 153, Steel girder bridges Part 3A: Loads. BS 275, Dimensions of rivets (“ in to 1# in diameter). BS 350, Conversion factors

36、 and tables. BS 466, Electric overhead travelling cranes for general use in factories, workshops and warehouses. BS 499, Welding terms and symbols Part 1: Welding, brazing and thermal cutting glossary Part 2: Symbols for welding. BS 641, Dimensions for small rivets for general purposes. BS 648, Sche

37、dule of weights of building materials. BS 729, Zinc coatings on iron and steel articles. BS 916, Black bolts, screws and nuts. BS 1083, Precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (B.S.W. and B.S.F. threads). BS 1161, Aluminium and aluminium alloy sections. BS 1470, Wrought aluminium and aluminium allo

38、ys for general engineering purposes Plate, sheet and strip. BS 1471, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes Drawn tube. BS 1472, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes Forging stock and forgings. BS 1473, Wrought aluminium and alumini

39、um alloys for general engineering purposes Rivet, bolt and screw stock. BS 1474, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes Bars, extruded round tube and sections. BS 1475, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes Wire. BS 1490, Aluminium a

40、nd aluminium alloy ingots and castings for general engineering purposes. BS 1494, Fixing accessories for building purposes Part 1: Fixings for sheet, roof and wall coverings. BS 1500, Fusion welded pressure vessels for general purposes Part3:Aluminium. BS 1615, Anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium

41、. BS 1768, Unified precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads). Normal series. BS 1769, Unified black, hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads). Heavy series. BS 1974, Large aluminium alloy rivets: “ in to 1 in nominal diameters. BS 2569, Sprayed metal coatings Part 1:

42、 Protection of iron and steel by aluminium and zinc against atmospheric corrosion. BS 2708, Unified black square and hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads). Normal series. BS 2901, Filler rods and wires for gas-shielded arc welding Part 4: Aluminium and aluminium alloys and magnesium a

43、lloys. BS 3019, General recommendations for manual inert-gas tungsten-arc welding Part 1: Wrought aluminium, aluminium alloys and magnesium alloys. BS 3416, Black bitumen coating solutions for cold application. BS 3451, Testing fusion welds in aluminium and aluminium alloys. BS 3571, General recomme

44、ndations for manual inert-gas metal-arc welding Part1:Aluminium and aluminium alloys. CP118:1969 vi BSI 11-1999 BS 3660, Glossary of terms used in the wrought aluminium industry. BS 3692, ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. BS 3763, International System (SI) units. BS 3987, Anodized

45、 wrought aluminium for external architectural applications. BS 3989, Aluminium street lighting columns. BS 4300-1, Specification (supplementary series) for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Aluminium alloy longitudinally welded tube. BS 4300-14, HS17 plate, sheet and strip. BS 4300-15, HE 17 b

46、ar, extruded round tube and sections. CP 3, Code of basic data for the design of buildings Chapter V: Loading. CP 143, Sheet roof and wall coverings Part 7: Aluminium. CP 231, Painting of buildings. This Code of Practice was made on the recommendation of the Institution of Structural Engineers, whos

47、e report on the structural use of aluminium (1962) it supersedes. It is assumed that the Code will be interpreted by chartered engineers competent in the fields to which they apply it, and that construction will be entrusted to capable contractors and carried out under competent supervision. The ran

48、ge of alloys is wider than that of the above report and, although emphasis is laid on the more usual alloys H30, N8 and H9, provision is made for design with other alloys specified in British Standards and also with non-standard tempers and heat-treatment conditions. The Code does not preclude the u

49、se of non-standard alloys, but warns that they should not be used without careful consideration of their relevant physical and chemical properties; consultation with the manufacturer is essential. Permissible stresses are higher than those of the report, and are in good correspondence with those of foreign specifications; and the internationally accepted0.2% proof st