1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58lime requirementICS 65.080Liming materials Guide to the determination of the DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTD
2、D CEN/TS 15084:2006DD CEN/TS 15084:2006This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49802 6a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should b
3、e sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/37, Fertilisers and related chemicals.A list of organizations represented on CII/37 ca
4、n be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsthat UK experience can be reported to the European organizatio
5、n responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcem
6、ent in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into National forewordThis Draft for Development was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/T
7、S 15084:2006.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obta
8、ined.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICATION TECHNIQUETECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 15084September 2006ICS 65.080English VersionLiming materials - Guide to the determination of the limerequirementAmendements minraux basiques -
9、 Guide pour ladtermination de la besoin en chauxCalcium-/Magnesium-Bodenverbesserungsmittel - Leitliniefr die Bestimmung des KalkbedarfsThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 May 2006 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to t
10、hree years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit theircomments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS av
11、ailablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
12、Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARD
13、IZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 15084:2006: E2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4
14、 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Classification of soils6 5 General principles7 6 Preservation liming9 7 Basal and improvement liming.10 8 Determination and calculation .11 9 Additional conditions to be considered 12 Bibliography 13 CEN/TS 15084:20063 Foreword This do
15、cument (CEN/TS 15084:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 260 “Fertilizers and liming materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CE
16、N Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Unit
17、ed Kingdom. CEN/TS 15084:20064 Introduction Regular liming for regulation of the pH value of the soil has a long tradition in agriculture. Liming has a neutralizing effect on the natural acidification of the soil and thus serves the maintenance of soil fertility. The desired effects of liming are ma
18、inly: physical: Increased structure stability of the flocculation and porosity of mineral soils, leading to better drainage, structure stability of the soil and improved aeration of the soil. chemical: Positive influence on solubility of macro- and some micro-nutrients, a reduction in the availabili
19、ty of aluminium and other toxic elements in the soil and avoid aluminium toxicity. biological: general support of active soil organisms. Existing European Standards specify methods for assessing the value of liming materials. It is also necessary to establish the principles to be used when calculati
20、ng the amount of liming material required. Throughout Europe, wide national and regional variations in soil type, climate and types of farming prohibit the general use of detailed and specific recommendations. The principles set out in this standard should be used by experts at a local level to esta
21、blish lime requirement. CEN/TS 15084:20065 1 Scope This Technical Specification gives guidance on the parameters that should be taken into account in order to determine the lime requirement of agricultural soils. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the app
22、lication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12944-3:2001, Fertilizers and liming materials Vocabulary Part 3: Terms relating to liming materials ISO 10390
23、, Soil quality Determination of pH ISO 11259, Soil quality Simplified soil description ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation ISO 14235, Soil quality Determination of organic carbon by sulfochromic oxidation 3
24、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12944-3:2001 and the following apply. 3.1 soil group texture and organic matter to describe the cultivation characteristic of the soils (light, medium or heavy soils) 3.2 rainfall water reaching the ground
25、 in the form of rain, snow and dew 3.3 pH class defined pH range as determined by ISO 10390 3.4 target pH soil pH to be achieved 3.5 basal liming increase of soil pH from very low pH value to the target pH value with liming materials 3.6 improvement liming recovery of soils from low pH value to a ta
26、rget pH value with liming materials 3.7 preservation liming maintaining soil pH to the defined optimum pH value with liming materials CEN/TS 15084:20066 3.8 base saturation rate proportion of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium of the total cation exchange capacity of the soil NOTE The ratio ex
27、pressed as a percentage: (Ca+Mg+K+Na expressed as cmol+/kg) 100/cation exchange capacity (expressed as cmol+/kg). 3.9 crop rotation sequence of agricultural crops on a field 3.10 soil cultivation management of mechanical/physical soil treatment 3.11 lime loss annual loss and consumption of neutraliz
28、ing materials from the soil 4 Classification of soils 4.1 Basic scheme Many chemical and most of the physical properties of agricultural soils depend on the clay fraction, organic matter content and pH. Therefore the clay content (fraction 5 to 12 3 heavy loamy sand 12 to 17 4 sandy silty loam 17 to
29、 25 5 clayey loam, clay 25 6 peat organic matter 30 % aa grain size 800 * * * should be used for determination Crops - - * * - Crop rotation system and crop removal - - * * - Cation saturation rate % 80 * * may be used for determination instead of pH Soil fineness mm 30 1 Sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,
30、4 to 5,8 600 5,0 to 5,4 500 4,7 to 5,1 400 4,3 to 4,7 300 - 2 Slightly loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,8 to 6,3 1 200 5,4 to 5,9 900 5,0 to 5,5 800 4,6 to 5,1 400 - 3 Heavy loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 6,1 to 6,7 1 400 5,6 to 6,2 1 200 5,2 to 5,8 1 000 4,8 to 5,4 500 - 4 Sandy silty loam pH class
31、 C kg NV/ha 6,3 to 7,0a 1 700 5,8 to 6,5 1 500 5,4 to 6,1 1 300 5,0 to 5,7 600 - 5 Clayey loam clay pH class C kg NV/ha 6,4 to 7,2a 2 000 5,9 to 6,7 1 800 5,5 to 6,3 1 600 5,1 to 5,9 700 - 6 Peat pH class C kg NV/ha - - - - 4,3 to 4,7 300 ain the case of free carbonates (free lime) no preservation l
32、iming CEN/TS 15084:200610 Table 5 Basic scheme for the classification of pH values in soils in pH class C (targeted/optimal pH range) as well as requirement for preservation liming (kg NV/ha) Grassland Parameter Organic matter content % (mass fraction) Soil group Soil pH class pHKCl30 1 Sand pH clas
33、s C kg NV/ha 4,7 to 5,2 400 4,3 to 4,7 300 2 Slightly loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,2 to 5,7 500 4,6 to 5,1 300 3 Heavy loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,4 to 6,0 600 4,8 to 5,4 400 4 Sandy silty loam pH class C kg NV/ha 5,6to 6,3 700 5,0 to 5,7 500 5 Clayey loam - Clay pH class C kg NV/ha 5,7 to
34、6,5 800 5,1 to 5,9 600 6 Peat pH class C kg NV/ha 4,3 - Table 6 Annual lime losses by neutralisation and leaching according to cultivation and rainfall in NV per hectare per year Types Rainfall mm/a Soil type Cultivation type Low 750 Light sandy soils 300 400 500 Medium loamy silty soils 400 500 600
35、 Heavy clay soils Arable land 500 600 700 Light sandy soils 150 250 350 Medium loamy silty soils 200 300 400 Heavy clay soils Grassland 250 350 450 7 Basal and improvement liming 7.1 General Only by field experiments using local or regional soil types and under local climatic conditions, can the fig
36、ures for lime requirement be accurately verified. NOTE From the farmers point of view, the determination of lime requirement must consider, not only the scientific reasons for correct soil pH, but also the economics of the subsequent liming operation. CEN/TS 15084:200611 7.2 Source values to calcula
37、te an amount of lime 7.2.1 The initial and the target pH value of the soil Use the results of field experiments carried out over many years with the most important crops and under various climatic conditions to establish the optimum soil pH, which will give the highest financial return after taking
38、into consideration the cost of the liming operation. The results are recorded in NV per hectare. 7.2.2 The initial and the target cation saturation rate of the adsorption complex in the soil This type of calculation should be verified by field experiments. 7.2.3 Reaction of a soil sample with chemic
39、al reagents The barium acetate buffer method or ammonium acetate method are laboratory analytical methods, which can be used to determine the lime requirement of agricultural soils. NOTE See Bibliography 1, 2 and 3. 7.2.4 The optimum pH range of crops or crop rotation system The position of the limi
40、ng operation in the crop rotation programme is important. The special pH requirement of single crops or the average pH requirement of a complete crop rotation shall be considered when determining the NV per hectare to be applied. 7.2.5 Buffering capacity of soils Buffering capacity of soils regardin
41、g pH shall be taken into account when determining the amount of liming material and required to reach the targeted pH. Clay content, organic matter or cation exchange capacity can provide an estimation of it. Lime requirement for basal or increase pH liming requires higher application rates in clay
42、or organic soils, since the buffer capacity of which is higher in these soils. See also experimental approach in 7.2.3. 8 Determination and calculation The lime requirement, R, is expressed as NV per hectare or kilograms per hectare of CaO-equivalent. The amount of product required, Q, is expressed
43、in kilograms per hectare according to the following equation: NVRQ100= (1) where R is the requirement, in kilograms per hectare, NV is the Neutralizing Value. Recommendations for lime requirement should be given by trained personnel, and be based upon the guidelines principles and parameters set out
44、 in this document. The recommendations will vary according to regional and local circumstances. When determining lime requirement, it is particularly important to know the Neutralizing Value (NV) of the fertilizer to be applied. NV is the principal indicator of the ability of a fertilizer to neutral
45、ize acidity. CEN/TS 15084:200612 Where very high rates of liming material are recommended, they should be divided. Table 7 shows the recommended maximum annual amount of NV equivalent to be applied depending upon soil type. Table 7 Maximum amounts of NV per year Character of Soil Type Amount of NVpe
46、r ha light sandy soils 3 000 medium loamy soils 6 000 heavy clayey soils 9 000 A simplified system of lime requirement may be used when soil analysis is not possible. In that case the schedule given in Table 5 shows the guideline figures: 9 Additional conditions to be considered The application rate
47、 of liming material required for arable land generally refers to soils with a 20 cm to 30 cm depth of almost stoneless (or with very few stones) soil, and surface soils and grassland soils up to 10 cm deep. If the soil is considerably more shallow and contains more stones, the required amount of lim
48、e may be reduced by 20 % to 40 %. The spreading of liming material within the crop rotation should coincide with the planting of crops with higher soil pH demands. This applies particularly to preservation liming. On soils with low clay content, the use of carbonate limes should be preferred (see Bi
49、bliography 4). The soil pH value naturally fluctuates within certain limits, and is influenced by cultivation, weather and soil condition. The effectiveness of the liming operation, particularly following basal and increase liming, should be monitored by repeated soil analyses at shorter intervals (i. e. annually if required). CEN/TS 15084:200613 Bibliography 1 Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA), Methodenbuch Band I: Die Untersuchung von Bden
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