BS DD CEN TS 15901-6-2009 Road and airfield surface characteristics - Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement of the sideway force coeffi.pdf

1、DD CEN/TS15901-6:2009ICS 93.080.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWDRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTRoad and airfieldsurface characteristicsPart 6: Procedure for determining theskid resistance of a pavement surfaceby measurement of the sideway forcecoefficient (SFCS): SCRIMT

2、his Draft for Developmentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 December2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67241 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsDD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementatio

3、n of CEN/TS15901-6:2009.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications andis of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis,so that information and experience of its practical application ca

4、n beobtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development arerequested so that UK experience can be reported to the internationalorganization responsible for its conversion to an international standard.A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years afterits publ

5、ication by the international organization so that a decision can betaken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will bemade in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Com

6、mittee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent tothe Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.

7、The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/510/5, Surface characteristics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users

8、are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15901-6 November 2009 ICS 93.080.20 English Version Road and airfield surfa

9、ce characteristics - Part 6: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement of the sideway force coefficient (SFCS): SCRIM(r)Caractristiques de surface des routes et aroports - Partie 6: Mode opratoire de dtermination de ladhrence dun revtement de chausse en procd

10、ant au mesurage du coefficient de frottement transversal (CFTS): le SCRIM Oberflcheneigenschaften von Straen und Flugpltzen - Teil 6: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Messung des Seitenreibungsbeiwerts (SFCS): das SCRIM-Griffigkeitsmessgert This Technical Specificati

11、on (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 June 2009 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into

12、 a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until

13、 the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo

14、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights

15、 of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-6:2009: EDD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Recommended uses 44 Terms and definitions .45 Safety 76 Essential chara

16、cteristics .76.1 Principle of measurements .76.2 Operating Principle 77 Key Characteristics .87.1 General 87.2 Test equipment 87.3 Test wheel assembly .97.4 Test tyre 97.5 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness 97.6 Measurement control system and recorder . 107.7 Parameters recorded 108 Test

17、procedure 108.1 Standard test conditions 108.2 Prior to testing 118.3 Testing . 119 Data recording . 1210 Calibration . 1210.1 General . 1210.2 Static calibration of horizontal load measurement . 1210.3 Static calibration of vertical load measurement 1310.4 Vertical load recording static check . 131

18、0.5 Vertical load static check . 1410.6 Dynamic calibration check 1410.6.1 General . 1410.6.2 General . 1410.6.3 Operational procedures for dynamic comparison checks . 1510.7 Distance calibration 1511 Precision 1512 Test Report 15Bibliography . 17DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 3 Forew

19、ord This document (CEN/TS 15901-6:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be

20、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia

21、, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Sp

22、ecification describes a method for determining the wet-road skid resistance of a surface by measurement of the sideway force coefficient SFCS. The method provides a measure of the wet-road skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of sideway-force coefficient at a controlled speed

23、. The method has been developed for use on roads but is also applicable to other paved areas such as airport runways. This Technical Specification covers the operation of the Sideway-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine SCRIM. This is a device developed by W.D.M. Limited, Bristol, England

24、 from original research by the Transport Research Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It uses the side force principle to make routine measurements of skid resistance continuously on long lengths of road. SCRIM test equipment has been built onto a number of different vehicle chassis and functions inde

25、pendently of vehicle choice. A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the SCRIM and the specific provisions of this Technical Specification may also be used for the tests. The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement texture. Whe

26、re measurement of pavement texture is required the standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

27、undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 4662, Rubber Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates 3 Recommended uses

28、This method provides a means for the evaluation of the skid resistance of a road surfacing. It is suitable for use for the following situations: testing new surfacing materials when installed in a road trial for Type Approval purposes; testing new surfacing materials for contractual compliance purpo

29、ses; routine determination of the in-service skid resistance of the surface of a road or airport runway; research. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 friction resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact NOTE The f

30、rictional force is the force which acts tangentially in the contact area. DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 5 4.2 skid resistance characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardised method 4.3 wet road skid resistance property of a trafficke

31、d surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water NOTE Factors that contribute to skid resistance include the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern, and rubber composition; the alignment,

32、texture, surface contamination, and characteristics of the road surface; the vehicle speed; and the weather conditions. The skid resistance of a road surface in Europe varies seasonally. Generally, wet skid resistance is higher in winter as a result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of

33、frost and wear by tyres on microtexture and macrotexture. Wet skid resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of fine detritus. The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic, i.e.

34、 cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles polish and/or wear away the surfacing material in different ways. The geometry of the road will affect the change in skid resistance. Generally, tyres polish less on straight roads than on bends. Where the surface c

35、ontains aggregate with a coating of binder, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland cement, the skid resistance will change as the coating is worn away by tyres. 4.4 bound surface top layer or surface course of a road with the aggregates secured permanently in place NOTE Aggregates are commonly secured in p

36、lace by bitumen or Portland cement. 4.5 operating speed speed at which the device traverses the test surface 4.6 contact area overall area of the road surface instantaneously in contact with a tyre NOTE This term describes the overall area generally covered by the tyre. Due to the effects of surface

37、 texture or any tyre tread pattern, not all of the tyre or road surface in the contact area can be in contact at any instant. 4.7 slip speed relative speed between the test tyre and the travelled surface in the contact area 4.8 slip ratio slip speed divided by the operating speed NOTE For devices me

38、eting the requirements of this Technical Specification the slip ratio is fixed by the angle of the test wheel. 4.9 horizontal force side force force acting horizontally perpendicular to a freely rotating, angled test wheel DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 6 4.10 sideway force coefficien

39、t SFC ratio between the vertical force (load) and horizontal force (sideway force) in controlled conditions, which is normally a decimal number quoted to two significant figures NOTE SFC varies depending on the wheel angle of the device and the operational speed. 4.11 SFCS sideway-force coefficient

40、measured with a device using a narrow wheel in accordance with this Technical Specification 4.12 SCRIM device developed by W.D.M. Limited, Bristol, England from original research by Transport in the United Kingdom that uses the side force principle to make routine measurements of skid resistance con

41、tinuously, all devices being manufactured under license from TRL Ltd UK 4.13 sampling length distance over which responses of the sensors are sampled to determine a single measurement of the recorded variables NOTE 1 The sampling length depends upon the detailed operation of device and its recording

42、 system; a number of samples may be combined to determine a measurement for a subsection. NOTE 2 This should not be confused with horizontal resolution which is the shortest distance over which a change in the measured parameter can be detected. 4.14 subsection defined length of surface for which on

43、e set of the measured variables is reported by the device NOTE Different devices may use different subsections depending on the context of the measurements, such as 5 m, 10 m or 20 m. 4.15 test section length of road between defined points (e.g. location references, specific features, or measured di

44、stances) comprising a number of subsections over which a continuous sequence of measurements is made 4.16 water delivery system system for depositing a given amount of water in front of the test tyre so that it then passes between the tyre and the surface being measured 4.17 water flow rate rate at

45、which water is deposited on the surface to be measured in front of the test tyre NOTE Water flow rate is expressed in litres per second (l/s). 4.18 theoretical water film thickness theoretical thickness of a water film deposited on the surface in front of the measuring tyre, assuming the surface has

46、 zero texture depth DD CEN/TS 15901-6:2009CEN/TS 15901-6:2009 (E) 7 4.19 wheelpath part of the pavement surface where the majority of vehicle wheel passes are concentrated NOTE The wheelpath is not a fixed location on a pavement surface. On a worn pavement, the wheelpath is usually easily identified

47、 visually. On a newly laid surface, the position of the wheelpath needs to be estimated by experienced operators. For special circumstances such as acceptance tests, a particular path may be defined, for example (700 150) mm from the edge of the running lane of a road. 4.20 nearside wheelpath wheelp

48、ath that is closest to the edge of the road in the normal direction of travel NOTE For countries that normally drive on the right, this is the right-hand side and for countries that normally drive on the left, this is the left-hand side. 5 Safety Safety measures shall be in place to maintain safe wo

49、rking practice in accordance with current regulations, and to ensure the safety of other road users, including measures to control traffic as necessary. NOTE The wetting of surfaces can have an effect on other users of the site and every effort should be made to ensure that they do not have to make any sudden changes in speed or direction. When measuring skid resistance on trafficked roads the device may operate at