BS DD CLC TS 50539-22-2010 Low-voltage surge protective devices - Surge protective devices for specific application including d c Selection and application principles - Wind turbin.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationLow-voltage surge protectivedevices Surge protectivedevices for specific applicationincluding d.c.Part 22: Selection and application principles Wind turbine applicationsDD CLC/TS

2、 50539-22:2010National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CLC/TS 50539-22:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteePEL/37, Surge Arresters - High Voltage, to Subcommittee PEL/37/1, SurgeArresters - Low Voltage.A list of organization

3、s represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68731 0ICS 29.120.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot c

4、onfer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2010.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDDD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 50539-22

5、 SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION May 2010 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights

6、of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 E ICS 29.120.50 English version Low-voltage surge protective devices - Surge protective devices for specific application including d.c. - Part 22: Selection and application principles -

7、 Wind turbine applications Parafoudres basse tension - Parafoudres pour applications spcifiques incluant le courant continu - Partie 22: Principes de choix et dapplication - Parafoudres connects aux installations olienne berspannungsschutzgerte fr Niederspannung - berspannungsschutzgerte fr besonder

8、e Anwendungen einschlielich Gleichspannung - Teil 22: Auswahl und Anwendungsgrundstze - berspannungsschutzgerte fr den Einsatz in Windenergieanlagen This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2009-10-30. CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way a

9、s for an EN and to make the TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Est

10、onia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 - 2 - Foreword This T

11、echnical Specification was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 37A, Low voltage surge protective devices. It was circulated for voting in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.3.3.3 and was accepted as a CENELEC Technical Specification on 2009-10-30. Attention is

12、drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following date was fixed: latest date by which the existence of the CLC/TS has to be announced at

13、national level (doa) 2010-04-30 _ DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010- 3 - CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 Contents Page 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 General . 6 5 Equipment to be protected 6 6 Configuration of a typical wind turbine 6 7 Protection of power circuits within a wind turb

14、ine . 8 7.1 Introduction . 8 7.2 Protection of the generator alternator excitation circuit 8 7.3 Protection of the line side circuit of the generator 9 7.4 Protection of control power lines 10 Annex A (informative) Typical values of vibration withstand of SPDs used in wind turbine systems 13 Bibliog

15、raphy 14 Figures Figures 1 Example of typical wind turbine configuration .6 Figures 2 Direct drive turbine 7 Figures 3 Doubly fed turbine .7 Figures 4 Doubly fed turbine Protection of the generator with SPD1 9 Figures 5 Doubly fed turbine Protection of the line side of the circuit . 10 Figures 6 Dou

16、bly fed turbine Protection of control power line 11 Tables Table 1 Typical values for discharge current capabilities for T1 SPDs when LPL is 1 and the system is a 3-phase system 8 Table 2 Typical values for discharge current capabilities for T2 SPDs .8 Table 3 Example of characteristics of the gener

17、ator alternator excitation circuit and selected SPD .9 Table 4 Example of characteristics of the line side circuit of the generator and selected SPD . 10 Table 5 Example of technical characteristics of the SPDs used in the control power line (230 V/400 V) 11 Table 6 Example of technical characterist

18、ics SPDs for auxiliary circuits, LPZ 0 LPZ 1 12 Table 7 Example of technical characteristics SPDs for auxiliary circuits, LPZ 1 LPZ n 12 DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 - 4 - 1 Scope This Technical Specification applies to surge protection of wind turbine generators and wind power system

19、s. Normative references are made to generic standards for lightning protection, low-voltage systems and high-voltage systems for machinery and installations and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This Technical Specification defines requirements for selection and installation of surge protective d

20、evices for the power circuits. Some special information about particular testing are also included since there is not a current standard for testing surge protective devices for wind turbines. 2 Normative references Void. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms

21、 and definitions apply. 3.1 LEMP protection measures system LPMS complete system of protection measures for internal systems against LEMP EN 62305-4:2006, Definition 3.9 3.2 lightning current i current flowing at the point of strike EN 62305-1:2006, Definition 3.9 3.3 lightning electromagnetic impul

22、se LEMP electromagnetic effects of lightning current NOTE It includes conducted surges as well as radiated impulse electromagnetic field effects. EN 62305-4:2006, Definition 3.4 3.4 lightning protection level LPL number related to a set of lightning current parameter values relevant to the probabili

23、ty that the associated maximum and minimum design values will not be exceeded in naturally occurring lightning NOTE Lightning protection level is used to design protection measures according to the relevant set of lightning current parameters. EN 62305-1:2006, Definition 3.38 3.5 lightning protectio

24、n system LPS complete system used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a structure NOTE It consists of both external and internal lightning protection systems. EN 62305-1:2006, Definition 3.40 DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010- 5 - CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 3.6 lightning protection zone LPZ zone w

25、here the lightning electromagnetic environment is defined NOTE The zone boundaries of an LPZ are not necessarily physical boundaries (e.g. walls, floor and ceiling). EN 62305-1:2006, Definition 3.35 3.7 lightning stroke single discharge in a lightning flash to earth EN 62305-1:2006, Definition 3.4,

26、mod. 3.8 metal installations metal items in the structure, which may form a path for lightning current, such as the nacelle bed plate, elevator guide rails and wires, ladders, platforms and interconnected reinforcing steel EN 62305-3:2006, Definition 3.18, mod. 3.9 natural component of LPS conductiv

27、e component installed not specifically for lightning protection which can be used in addition to the LPS or in some cases could provide the function of one or more parts of the LPS NOTE Examples of the use of this term include: natural air-termination; natural down-conductor; natural earthing electr

28、ode. EN 62305-3:2006, Definition 3.15 3.10 surge transient wave appearing as overvoltage and/or overcurrent caused by LEMP NOTE Surges caused by LEMP can arise from (partial) lightning currents, from induction effects in installation loops and as residual surges downstream of SPD. EN 62305-1:2006, D

29、efinition 3.34, mod. 3.11 surge protective device SPD device that is intended to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents. It contains at least one non-linear component EN 61643-11:2002, Definition 3.1 3.12 voltage protection level UPparameter that characterises the performance of the

30、SPD in limiting the voltage across its terminals, which is selected from a list of preferred values. This value shall be greater than the highest value of the measured limiting voltages EN 61643-11:2002, Definition 3.15 DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 - 6 - 4 General Due to the increased

31、 numbers of Wind Turbines that are used nowadays more data regarding losses and damages due to lightning strikes are available. From these data it is clearly that surge protection is an important issue and shall be carefully examined during the design and construction of a Wind Farm. The purpose of

32、this document is to outline the main protection issues to prevent damages due to lightning focusing on the internal lightning protection system and more particularly to the selection and application of surge protective devices that shall be used. 5 Equipment to be protected The main electrical equip

33、ments that can be found, but not limited, in a wind turbine are the following: generator; frequency converter; driver control(s); wind turbine control panel(s); LV site of transformer including LV switchgear; HV site of transformer including HV switchgear; auxiliary circuits (i.e. warning lights). 6

34、 Configuration of a typical wind turbine Based on the basic equipment that a typical wind turbine is composed of, a guide for installation and selection of power SPDs is presented. The SPDs in principle should be selected according to the LPZ principle and to the required voltage protection level of

35、 the under protection equipment. The figure below describes the main equipment that a wind turbine generator is composed of. Nacelle / Generator Blades Tower Base / Transformer MeteoWarning Lights Figures 1 Example of typical wind turbine configuration DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010- 7 - CLC/TS 50539-22:20

36、10 There are two basic designs of wind turbines, which may require a different surge protection approach due to their electrical wiring configuration. The first one is the direct drive turbine, where the generator output is directly connected to the frequency converter and the second design is the d

37、oubly fed turbine (some time called double fed), which the generator has two outputs, one directly connected to the LV switchgear and a second output which is connected to the frequency converter. This difference requires also a different surge protection approach. However the protection scheme for

38、a double fed wind turbine generator system is also applicable for a direct drive. GeneratorTransformerConverterControlPitch DriveLPZ 0LPZ 1ACDCDCACLPZ 2LPZ 2Figures 2 Direct drive turbine GeneratorTransformerConverterControlPitch DriveLPZ 0ACDCDCACLPZ 1LPZ 2LPZ 2Figures 3 Doubly fed turbine DD CLC/T

39、S 50539-22:2010CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 - 8 - Shielding and bonding are described in EN 62305-3. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce selection and application recommendations for SPDs. For power SPDs the types should be as per EN 61643-11 and for telecommunication and signalling SPDs the types s

40、hould be as per EN 61643-21. This chapter describes selection and installation information for power SPDs only because of their specific requirements. For application of telecommunication and signalling SPDs refer to CLC/TS 61643-22. The two tables below describe typical required discharge current v

41、alues for the two types of power SPDs that are described further in this document. Table 1 Typical values for discharge current capabilities for T1 SPDs when LPL is 1 and the system is a 3-phase system Iimp (10/350 wave shape) Location (LPZ 0 LPZ 1) Equipment to be protected kA aNacelle Generator 12

42、,5 per mode of protection Nacelle Warning lights aNacelle DriveraOperation building / Base Low voltage site of transformer Under consideration Operation building / Base High voltage site of transformer NOTE Draft EN 61400-24 is considering higher values for Iimp. After publication of this document,

43、an updated table may be produced. aThe type of SPDs used to protect these equipment should be T1 but with limited discharge current capability (within 1 kA to 5 kA range corresponding to a few % of the total lightning current). Table 2 Typical values for discharge current capabilities for T2 SPDs In

44、(8/20 wave shape) Location (LPZ 1 LPZ 2) Equipment to be protected kA 15 Operation building / Base Frequency converter 15 Operation building / Base Wind turbine control 7 Protection of power circuits within a wind turbine 7.1 Introduction The following subclauses describe the selection and location

45、of SPDs for a doubly fed wind turbine generator system since it also includes the case of a direct drive wind turbine generator system. 7.2 Protection of the generator alternator excitation circuit Applicable SPDs are T1 due to the location of the generator (boundaries LPZ 0 LPZ 1). Typical paramete

46、rs needed for appropriate SPDs selection: number of generator outputs (generator converter, generator LV switchgear); maximum voltages (L-L and L-Earth) including regulation tolerances; maximum frequency; short circuit current level. DD CLC/TS 50539-22:2010- 9 - CLC/TS 50539-22:2010 Table 3 Example

47、of characteristics of the generator alternator excitation circuit and selected SPD Maximum operating voltage of the system, L-L 750 V r.m.s. ( 10 %), 0 Hz 200 Hz Repetitive transients superimposed on the voltages L-Earth 1,7 kV Repetitive transients superimposed on the operating voltages L-L 2,95 kV

48、 dV/dt of repetitive transients superimposed on the voltages 1,4 kV/s Converter switching frequency 2 000 Hz SPD1 to fit with above described generator UcShould be selected so as to sustain the stress of repetitive transients superimposed on the operating voltages Operating frequency Should be selec

49、ted taking into account to the switching frequency of the converter imp, (T1) per mode of protection 1 kA 5 kA n, (T2) per mode of protection 15 kA Short circuit current Icc 20 kA, (50-60) Hz Standards to comply with CLC/TS 50539-12 GeneratorTransformerConverterControlPitch DriveLPZ 0ACDCDCACLPZ 1LPZ 2SPD 1*T wo sets of S P Ds (one at the generator and one at the converter) may be required if the distance betwee