BS DD IEC TS 62257-7-3-2008 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Generator set - Selection of generator sets for rural electrif.pdf

1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems ICS 27.160; 27.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44

2、g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 97

3、8 0 580 58520 3National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on thi

4、s provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an international st

5、andard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than three years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update S

6、tandards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the

7、 responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reque

8、st to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsIEC/TS 62257-7-3Edition 1.0 2008-04TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONRecommendations for smal

9、l renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Introduction to generator sets.9 4.1

10、Generator set system 9 4.2 Generator set application in rural electrification systems .9 4.3 Resource assessment .9 5 Selection and erection10 5.1 General .10 5.2 Selection requirements10 5.2.1 Power quality.10 5.2.2 Generator set sizing 10 5.2.3 Generator set type.12 5.2.4 Derating factors.12 5.2.5

11、 Starting system13 5.2.6 Control systems.13 5.2.7 Noise issues13 5.2.8 Environmental issues 13 5.3 Erection.13 5.3.1 Shipping 13 5.3.2 Design of the erection site .14 5.3.3 Installation requirements .15 6 Safety.18 6.1 General .18 6.2 Electrical issues 18 6.2.1 General requirements 18 6.2.2 Connecti

12、on system to the application.18 6.2.3 Power cables.19 6.2.4 Neutral system 19 6.2.5 Earthing.19 6.2.6 Overcurrent protection.19 6.2.7 Residual Current protection Device (RCD).20 6.2.8 Isolating devices20 6.3 Mechanical issues .20 6.3.1 Vibration20 6.3.2 Protection from mechanical damage 20 6.3.3 Pro

13、tection from moving parts .20 6.4 Thermal issues21 6.5 Fire risk.21 7 Acceptance 21 7.1 General .21 7.2 Conformity of the generator set to the identification file .21 7.3 Conformity of the generator set system to the GS21 7.4 Acceptance process 21 2 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:20087.4.1 Preparation of the g

14、enerator set for commissioning .21 7.4.2 Commissioning inspection of the generator set system 22 7.4.3 Commissioning tests of the generator set system 22 7.4.4 Test file .23 8 Operation and maintenance23 8.1 Access to the generator set.23 8.2 Operation process .23 8.3 Monitoring .24 8.4 Maintenance

15、schedule.24 9 Replacement 24 10 Marking 25 10.1 Generator set 25 10.2 Engine.25 10.3 Alternator 25 10.4 Shutdown apparatus26 11 Documentation .26 11.1 General .26 11.2 Installation 26 11.3 Operation 27 11.4 Inspection and maintenance27 Annex A (informative) Generator set classification criteria .28

16、Annex B (informative) Identification file32 Annex C (informative) Maintenance schedule 33 Annex D (informative) Example of commissioning records sheet34 Bibliography36 Figure 1 General functional configuration of a generator set powered system 5 Table 1 Examples of derating factors for generator set

17、s.12 Table 2 Generator set permitted noise levels .13 Table 3 Cross-section of power cables.19 Table A.1 Classification of generator set services 28 Table A.2 Common lifespan values 29 Table C.1 Example of maintenance schedule.33 3 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series of documen

18、ts intends to provide to different players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting-up of renewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. voltage below 500 V, d.c. voltage below 750 V

19、 and power below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations to choose the right system for the right place; to design the system; to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrification concentrating on, but not specific to, developing countries. They must not

20、 be considered as all-inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean development mechanisms at this time (CO2emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in

21、 future steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life-cycle cost possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the fi

22、eld of application, that is, small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. 4 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems 1 Scope The purpose

23、 of this part of IEC 62257 is to specify the general requirements for the selection, sizing, erection and operation of generator sets in decentralized rural electrification systems. It applies to all low voltage combustion engine electricity generator sets with a rated power up to 100 kVA, and desig

24、ned for supplying electrical power to isolated sites used in systems as described in IEC/TS 62257-2. This technical specification is not an exhaustive resource for the design, installation, operation or maintenance of generator sets but is more focused on recommendations to provide strategies on sel

25、ection and criteria which may affect the use of such generation systems in a rural electrification project. Two cases will be considered as illustrated by Figure 1 to power a collective electrification system (microgrid) or an individual electrification system. the micropowersystem is composed of on

26、e generator set the micropowersystem is a hybrid one and the generator set is only part of it. This case is addressed in the document dedicated to micropower system (IEC/TS 62257-9-1). Generating set alone Individual electrification system (IES) Or Collective electrification system (CES) Main switch

27、 Generating set Generating set Generating set in an hybrid system Other power sources Main switch Secondary switch Individual electrification system (IES) Or Collective electrification system (CES) IEC 444/08 Figure 1 General functional configuration of a generator set powered system 5 DD IEC/TS 622

28、57-7-3:2008The aim of this technical specification is to provide users with the appropriate levels of reliability and safety of the equipment during its estimated service lifespan. It describes the minimum safety requirements and does not claim to be an exhaustive instruction manual or design specif

29、ication. Compliance with this technical specification does not exempt any person, organization or corporation from the responsibility to comply with all other relevant regulations. This technical specification gives recommendations for the following types of generator sets: a) single phase; b) three

30、 phase; c) LV range up to 500 V - 50/60 Hz (see IEC/TS 62257-9-2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document

31、 (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-9, Rotating electrical machines Part 9: Noise limits IEC 60034-22, Rotating electrical machines Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven gen

32、erating sets IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) IEC 61009-1, Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) Part 1: General rules IEC/TS 62257-2:2004, Recommendations for small renewable energy and

33、 hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 2: From requirements to a range of electrification systems IEC/TS 62257-5, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 5: Protection against electric hazards IEC/TS 62257-6, Recommendations for small rene

34、wable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 6: Acceptance, operation, maintenance and replacement IEC/TS 62257-9-11, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-1: Micropower systems IEC/TS 62257-9-2, Recommendations for small ren

35、ewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-2: Microgrid ISO 8528-1:2005, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets Part 1: Application, ratings and performance ISO 8528-3:2005, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternatin

36、g current generating sets Part 3: Alternating current generators for generating sets _ 1To be published. 6 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008ISO 8528-5, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets Part 5: Generating sets ISO 8528-7:1994, Reciprocating internal combustio

37、n engine driven alternating current generating sets Part 7: Technical declarations for specification and design 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 environmental conditions environment characteristics (altitude, temperature, humid

38、ity, etc.) which may affect the performance 3.2 generator set equipment producing electricity from a fossil fuel; it consists basically of an internal combustion engine producing mechanical energy and a generator which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy and mechanical transmission

39、, support and assembly components 3.3 identification file IF document provided by the manufacturer which guarantees the conformity of the equipment supplied with that which has undergone the type tests 3.4 lifespan effective period of functioning taking into account the probability of a catastrophic

40、 failure 3.5 non-routine maintenance maintenance necessary in addition to that pre-planned 3.6 rated frequency frequency at which the generator set is designed to operate 3.7 routine maintenance preventive maintenance carried out to an established plan 3.8 rated electrical power (nominal power or ra

41、ted capacity) maximum continuous power supplied by a generator set in compliance with its specifications, and under standard operating conditions. This is expressed in VA (volt-ampere) or more usually in kVA 3.9 rated rotation speed alternator rotation speed necessary to produce the voltage at the r

42、ated frequency 3.10 rated voltage voltage between phases on the alternator terminals at the rated frequency and rated power 7 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:20083.11 extra low voltage ELV voltage not exceeding a limit which is generally accepted to be 50 V a.c. and 120 V d.c. ripple free 3.12 live conductive p

43、art conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal operation, including a neutral conductor, but by convention not a PE or a PEN conductor 3.13 protected extra-low voltage PELV extra-low voltage system which is not electrically separated from earth, but which otherwise satisfies all

44、 the requirements for SELV 3.14 power factor ratio of real power to apparent power in an a.c. circuit 3.15 real power for a.c. circuits, the product of voltage, current and power factor, also equal to the rate of flow of electrical energy. Real power is measured in watt (W) 3.16 apparent power for a

45、.c. circuits, the product of voltage by current, measured in volt-ampere (VA) 3.17 nominal power of the generator set maximum apparent power that can be provided by the generator set according to the manufacturers specification 3.18 safety extra-low voltage SELV extra-low voltage system which is ele

46、ctrically separated from earth and from other systems in such a way that a single fault cannot give rise to the risk of electric shock 3.19 minor fuel storage fuel storage located in the generator set room 3.20 main fuel storage fuel storage located outside the generator set room and able to provide

47、 fuel filling the minor fuel storage 8 DD IEC/TS 62257-7-3:20083.21 voltage differences of potential normally existing between conductors and between conductors and earth as follows: a) Extra-low voltage: not exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple-free d.c. b) Low voltage: exceeding upper limits of ext

48、ra-low voltage, but not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. c) High voltage: exceeding upper limits of low voltage 3.22 protective conductor (identification: PE) conductor provided for purposes of safety, for example protection against electric shock IEV 195-02-09 3.23 PEN conductor conductor com

49、bining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor IEV 195-02-12 4 Introduction to generator sets 4.1 Generator set system In the present document a generator set system includes the installed generator set itself, the related civil works or prefabricated enclosure if any and all relative ancillaries such as fuel tank, pipes, earthing systems, etc. necessary for the operation of the generator set. 4.2 Generator set application in rural electrificatio