1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58under interlocking-concrete-block pavement by the roller compactor methodICS 59.080.70Geosynthetics
2、 Procedure for simulating damage DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD ISO/TS 19708:2007DD ISO/TS 19708:2007This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 53901 5or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to t
3、he Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obta
4、ined on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsresponsible for its conversion to an international standard. A review o
5、f this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to
6、the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 19708:200
7、7.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Commen
8、ts arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization Reference numberISO/TS 19708:2007(E)TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS19708First edition2007-03-15Geosynthetics Procedure for simulating damage under interlocking-c
9、oncrete-block pavement by the roller compactor method Gosynthtiques Mode opratoire pour simuler lendommagement sous un revtement en pavs bton autobloquants par la mthode du compacteur rouleau DD ISO/TS 19708:2007ii iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide f
10、ederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that co
11、mmittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accor
12、dance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requir
13、es approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) repre
14、sents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee
15、 and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the IS
16、O/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall
17、not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19708 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics. DD ISO/TS 19708:2007blank1Geosynthetics Procedure for simulating damage under interlocking-concrete-block pavement by the roller compactor method 1 Scope
18、 This Technical Specification specifies a test method for the determination, using a roller compactor for bituminous mixtures, of the damage to a geosynthetic used as a separator in interlocking-concrete-block pavements. The geosynthetic is placed between a cushion-sand course and a base coarse mate
19、rial. The roller compactor simulates highway traffic load and pedestrian load. After the roller compactor test, the cushion sand retained is determined. This Technical Specification can be used for selecting a geosynthetic. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable
20、for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 9862, Geosynthetics S
21、ampling and preparation of test specimens ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness) ISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized
22、or thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method EN 1097-2, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 33
23、: Specimen prepared by roller compactor 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 line pressure pressure defined as the value of total loading force over a part of roller width contacting the surface of an interlocking-concrete-block pa
24、vement area DD ISO/TS 19708:20072 NOTE The interlocking-concrete-block pavement area means the area of mould surface covered with interlocking concrete blocks and the joint sand. 3.2 rolling height height of the roller centre portion at its origin defined as the top surface of interlocking concrete
25、pavement block 3.3 retained sand index ratio of the mass of the retained sand to the initial total mass of the sand in a cushion course after damage of the geosynthetic under load NOTE The retained sand index is expressed as a percentage. 4 Principle A geosynthetic specimen is placed between two lay
26、ers of aggregate and sand. Specified loads are indirectly imposed on the specimen for a specified number of times. The masses of sand passing through the damaged geosynthetic into the base material and the sand retained above and within the geosynthetic are registered. After the specimen has been ta
27、ken out of the testing machine, damage is observed visually. The test results are expressed as the retained sand index (as a percentage). The results of the visual observation of the specimens are also reported. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Sampling Geosynthetic specimens shall be sampled in accordance with
28、 ISO 9862. 5.2 Number and dimensions of specimens Specimens with dimensions of 520 mm 1 040 mm shall be cut out of the samples. Each specimen shall be cut into secondary specimens with dimensions of 520 mm 520 mm. Six secondary specimens shall be used for damage tests, and the others may be used for
29、 reference tests. For other reference tests, appropriate dimensions shall be specified. Specimens should be tested in the longitudinal direction only. 6 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned in the standard atmosphere for testing (20 2) C at (65 5) % RH, as defined in ISO 554. The spe
30、cimens can be considered to have been conditioned when the change in mass in successive weightings, made at intervals of not less than 2 h, does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the test specimen. Conditioning and/or testing in standard atmosphere may only be omitted when it can be shown that result
31、s obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity exceeding the limits. DD ISO/TS 19708:200737 Apparatus 7.1 Roller compactor 7.1.1 General As shown in Figure 1, roller compactors have an arc-shaped roller to ap
32、ply a load to the rolled surface of the bituminous mixture in the mould placed on the table. The table is moved back and forth to compact the bituminous mixture. The roller compactor used shall be such that the line pressure, the rolling velocity, and the number of rolling times can be controlled. T
33、he minimum line pressure shall be 30 kN/m. Key 1 pressurizing air cylinder 2 control panel 3 pressurizing = rolling 4 roller 5 left-and-right motion stroke 6 maximum rolling height 7 moving length (stroke) 8 motor 9 mould 10 slide table Figure 1 Example of roller compactor DD ISO/TS 19708:20074 7.1.
34、2 Roller The radius of the roller shall be between 460 mm and 480 mm. The width of the roller shall be between 400 mm and 500 mm. The moving length (stroke) shall be greater than or equal to 460 mm. The maximum rolling height shall be greater than or equal to 150 mm. The roller shall be capable of a
35、pplying repeated loads of at least 5 stroke-backstroke cycles/min. 7.1.3 Mould Figure 2 shows an example of a mould. The mould shall be square with a side length of 500 mm. It shall consist of a bottom board and collars, and be capable of compacting a specimen with a thickness of 130 mm. The collars
36、 shall be divided into two or three stages and kept tightened during the tests. The collar of the lowest stage shall be 50 mm thick. The mould shall be made of steel or aluminium. The same number of moulds as the number of tests to be carried out on the day shall be prepared. Dimensions in millimetr
37、es Figure 2 Example of mould 7.2 Aggregate Base coarse material (crushed stones) and cushion sand (crushed sand or natural sand) shall be used as the aggregate to cause damage to the specimen, and shall satisfy the following requirements: The abrasion loss of the base coarse material shall be measur
38、ed using the test method specified by EN 1097-2 using the Los Angeles method. It shall be smaller than or equal to 20 %. The grain diameter of the base course material specified in ISO 3310-1 shall be between 8 mm and 16 mm. The grains shall be washed and properly dried. The grain diameter of the cu
39、shion sand specified in ISO 3310-1 shall be between 60 m and 2 mm. The grains shall be washed and properly dried. New aggregate shall be used for each test. Used aggregate shall not be used again. 7.3 Rubber board Synthetic rubber boards with a hardness of 84 4 (see ISO 7619-1 and ISO 7619-2) and a
40、thickness of 10 mm shall be used. They shall be cut in accordance with the internal dimensions of the mould. DD ISO/TS 19708:200757.4 Interlocking blocks Interlocking blocks shall be of two types, one with nominal dimensions of 98 mm width 198 mm length 80 mm thickness, and the other with nominal di
41、mensions of 98 mm width 98 mm length 80 mm thickness. 8 Test procedure 8.1 Damage protection Unless otherwise specified, place the rubber board at the bottom of a mould with dimensions of 500 mm width 500 mm length 50 mm thickness. Weigh both the initial mass of the base course material and the cush
42、ion sand. Put an appropriate amount of the base coarse material on the rubber board, compact it using a small vibrating tamper, and adjust its height to be level with the upper surface of the mould. The final void ration of the base course material shall appropriately be controlled appropriately at
43、45 %. Spread the geosynthetic specimen on the compacted surface of the base coarse material. The longitudinal direction of the geosynthetic is oriented with the principal direction of the roller compactor. Place an upper mould with a thickness of 80 mm on the lower mould with a thickness of 50 mm, w
44、ith the geosynthetic specimen between them, and fix the moulds. Uniformly spread an appropriate amount of the cushion sand and adjust it to a thickness of 20 mm. Pave the interlocking blocks in the herringbone bond pavement pattern (as a default pattern) shown in Figure 3. Other pavement patterns ca
45、n be used with reference to the patterns of the interlocking blocks of actual construction sites. Scatter the sand uniformly on the surface of the interlocking blocks, and vibrate the mould so that the material is properly grouted in the joint. The final void ration of the cushion sand shall approxi
46、mately be controlled at 45 %. Clean the residual material off the surface. Place the mould containing the geosynthetic specimen on the testing machine. Set the line pressure at 30 kN/m and the rolling velocity at 5 cycles/min stroke/backstroke. Set the moving length at 460 mm. Initiate rolling. The
47、loading shall be applied 25 times. After finishing the test, remove the cushion sand and, being very careful not to damage the geosynthetic, take it out of the mould. Weigh the base course and cushion sand in the lower mould. Repeat the same procedure a further 5 times, thus processing 6 geosyntheti
48、c specimens in total. 8.2 Observation of damage The degree of damage of the geosynthetic specimen at the end of the test shall be evaluated visually and the number of holes/clacks reported. DD ISO/TS 19708:20076 9 Calculation The retained sand index (RSI) that expresses, as a percentage, damage to a
49、 geosynthetic specimen is calculated as follows: ()T12RSI 1 100mmm= (1) where m1is the initial mass of the base course material, in grams; m2is the initial mass of cushion sand, in grams; mTis the total mass of base course and cushion sand in the lower mould at the end of the test, in grams. Calculate the average of RSI, and the standard deviation and coefficient of variation for the six geosynthetic specimens. Dimensions in millimetres Joint width: approximately 3 mm K
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