BS EN 1077-2007 Helmets for alpine skiers and snowboarders《高山滑雪和雪场滑雪者用防护帽》.pdf

1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 1077:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.340.20; 97.220.20Helm

2、ets for alpine skiers and snowboardersBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1077:2007BS EN 1077:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 53896 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontr

3、act. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1077:2007. It supersedes BS EN 1077:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prepar

4、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/6, Head protection.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1077Aug

5、ust 2007ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 1077:1996 English VersionHelmets for alpine skiers and snowboardersCasques pour skieurs de ski alpin et de surf nes neiges Helme fr alpine Skilufer und fr SnowboarderThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply wit

6、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Cent

7、re or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial v

8、ersions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, S

9、pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Me

10、mbers.Ref. No. EN 1077:2007: EEN 1077:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Requirements.7 4.1 Materials .7 4.2 Construction.8 4.2.1 General8 4.2.2 Retention system.8 4.3 Field of vision.9 4.4 Extent of coverage.9 4.4.1 Cla

11、ss A9 4.4.2 Class B9 4.5 Shock absorbing capacity 11 4.6 Resistance to penetration.11 4.7 Retention system performance11 4.7.1 Strength 11 4.7.2 Effectiveness11 4.8 Durability 11 5 Testing 11 5.1 Sampling.11 5.2 Inspection and determination of mass12 5.3 Conditioning.12 5.3.1 Room conditioning 12 5.

12、3.2 Low temperature conditioning .12 5.3.3 Artificial ageing12 5.4 Test areas .13 5.4.1 General13 5.4.2 Test area for class A13 5.4.3 Test area for class B13 5.5 Determination of shock absorbing capacity.14 5.5.1 Apparatus .14 5.5.2 Procedure .15 5.6 Determination of resistance to penetration 15 5.6

13、.1 Apparatus .15 5.6.2 Procedure .16 5.7 Determination of retention system strength.16 5.7.1 Apparatus .16 5.7.2 Procedure .16 5.8 Determination of retention system effectiveness 16 5.8.1 Apparatus .16 5.8.2 Procedure .16 5.9 Test report 16 6 Marking .17 EN 1077:2007 (E) 3 7 Information to be suppli

14、ed by the manufacturer .17 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC .18 Bibliography19 EN 1077:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1077:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 158 “Head protection”, t

15、he secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2008. This do

16、cument supersedes EN 1077:1996. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an i

17、ntegral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hun

18、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1077:2007 (E) 5 Introduction The intention of helmets is to reduce the risk of injury to the skull and part of th

19、e head surrounded by the helmet. The protection given by a helmet depends on the circumstances of the accident and wearing a helmet cannot always prevent death or long term disability. A proportion of the energy of an impact is absorbed by the helmet, thereby reducing the force of the blow sustained

20、 by the head. The structure of the helmet may be damaged in absorbing this energy and any helmet that sustains a severe blow should be replaced even if damage is not apparent. To achieve the performance of which it is capable, and to ensure stability on the head, a helmet should be as closely fittin

21、g as possible consistent with comfort. In use it is essential that the helmet is securely fastened, with any chin strap under proper tension at all times. Although the experience of the existing standard for alpine skiers is very good, it has become more and more obvious that there is a need for an

22、alternative standard that can meet the demand from skiers and snowboarders who desire more ventilation and better hearing. This has resulted in two classes of helmets, class A and class B. Compared to class B, class A protects a larger area of the head and offers a higher degree of protection from p

23、enetration. EN 1077:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to performance requirements and tests for two classes of helmets for alpine skiers, snowboarders and for similar groups, including children and participants in competitions. The standard comprises two different classes of pr

24、otection, class A and class B. Requirements and the corresponding methods of test, where appropriate, are given for the following: construction including field of vision; shock absorbing properties; resistance to penetration; retention system properties; marking and information. 2 Normative referenc

25、es The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 960, Headforms for use in the testing of pr

26、otective helmets EN 13087-2:2000, Protective helmets Test methods Part 2: Shock absorption EN 13087-3:2000, Protective helmets Test methods Part 3: Resistance to penetration EN 13087-4:2000, Protective helmets Test methods Part 4: Retention system effectiveness EN 13087-5:2000, Protective helmets Te

27、st methods Part 5: Retention system strength EN 13087-6, Protective helmets Test methods Part 6: Field of vision 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 protective helmet item to be worn on the head, intended to absorb the energy of a

28、 foreseeable impact thus reducing the risk of injury to the head 3.2 shell outer layer which provides part of the whole general form of the helmet 3.3 helmet type category of helmets which does not differ in such essential respects as the materials or dimensions or construction of the helmet, or of

29、the retention system EN 1077:2007 (E) 7 NOTE Helmet type may include a range of helmet sizes, provided that the thickness of the protective padding in each size in the range is at least equal to that in the helmet which, when subjected to the tests, satisfies the requirements of this standard. 3.4 p

30、adding 3.4.1 protective padding material used to absorb impact energy 3.4.2 comfort padding liner material provided for the wearers comfort 3.4.3 sizing padding liner material used for adjustment of the helmet size 3.5 retention system complete assembly by means of which the helmet is maintained in

31、position on the head, including any devices for adjustment of the system or to enhance the wearers comfort 3.6 chin-strap part of the retention system that passes under the wearers jaw to keep the helmet in position 3.7 basic plane of the human head plane at the level of the external ear opening (ex

32、ternal auditory meatus) and the lower edge of the eye sockets (orbits) 3.8 basic plane of a headform plane relative to the headform that corresponds to the basic plane of the human head 3.9 reference plane construction plane parallel to the basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which is

33、a function of the size of the headform 4 Requirements 4.1 Materials For those parts of the helmet coming into contact with the skin the material used shall not be subject to any known appreciable alteration from contact with sweat or with substances likely to be found in toiletries. Materials shall

34、not be used which are known to cause skin disorders or other adverse effects on health. For a material not in general use advice as to its suitability shall be sought before its introduction. Examples for documents which can be presented as evidence of chemical innocuousness are given in the NOTE. N

35、OTE The following list of documents is given for information and as examples of documents to be examined: EN 1077:2007 (E) 8 a) materials specifications; b) safety data sheets relating to the materials; c) information relating to the suitability of the materials for use with food, in medical devices

36、, or other relevant applications; d) information relating to toxicological, allergenic, carcinogenic, toxic to reproduction or mutagenic investigations on the materials; e) information relating to ecotoxicological and other environmental investigations on the materials. The examination should determ

37、ine whether the claim that the materials are suitable for use in the protective helmet is justified. Particular attention needs to be paid to the presence of plasticisers, unreacted components, heavy metals, impurities and the chemical identity of pigments and dyes. All metallic materials which coul

38、d come into prolonged contact with the skin (e.g. buckles, fittings) are recommended to be tested according to EN 1811 for emission of nickel. 4.2 Construction 4.2.1 General The helmet shall be so designed and shaped that parts of it (for example visor, rivets, ventilators, edges, fastening device e

39、tc.) are not likely to injure the user. This can be verified in accordance with 5.2. NOTE Helmets should: - have low weight; - be easy to put on and take off; - be usable with spectacles; - not significantly interfere with the ability of the user to hear; - have good durability and withstand normal

40、handling; - permit cleaning. 4.2.2 Retention system 4.2.2.1 General Means shall be provided for retaining the helmet on the wearers head. All parts of the retention system shall be securely attached to the system or to the helmet, so it would not come off during its use. This can be verified in acco

41、rdance with Clauses 5.7 and 5.8 NOTE It is recommended that the opening mechanism is marked with red or orange colour. The colour of any part of the retention system shall not be green. 4.2.2.2 Chin straps The chin strap shall not include a chin cup. Any chin strap shall be not less than 15 mm wide.

42、 This can be verified in accordance with 5.2. Chin straps may be fitted with means of enhancing comfort for the wearer. EN 1077:2007 (E) 9 4.2.2.3 Fastening devices Any retention system shall be fitted with a device to adjust and maintain tension in the system. The strength in the system shall be in

43、 accordance with 4.7.1. 4.3 Field of vision When tested in accordance with EN 13087-6, there shall be no occultation in the field of vision bounded by angles as follows: horizontally 105; upwards 25; downwards 45. 4.4 Extent of coverage 4.4.1 Class A For Class A, when positioned in accordance with E

44、N 13087-6 on a headform of appropriate size, the helmet shall cover at least the area above the line BCDEA in Figure 1. No parts of the coverage may be detachable. Examples of different headform sizes are given in Table 1. Those parts covering the area below the reference plane (shaded in Figure 1)

45、shall be designed to give some protection against mechanical risks like abrasion. This can be verified in accordance with 5.2. Smaller openings for better hearing and/or ventilation are allowed. 4.4.2 Class B For Class B, when positioned in accordance with EN 13087-6 on a headform of appropriate siz

46、e, the helmet shall cover at least the area above the line BCA in Figure 1. Parts below the AA plane (shaded part in Figure 1) are optional and may be detachable and/or removable. Examples of different headform sizes are given in Table 1. EN 1077:2007 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 reference

47、 plane 2 basic plane 3 central vertical axis Figure 1 Minimum extent of coverage: Measurements for different headform sizes EN 1077:2007 (E) 11 Table 1 Examples of headforms Dimensions in millimetres Size designation (see EN 960) Circumference of the headform at the reference plane AC HD Y X 495 535

48、 575 605 625 495 535 575 605 625 84 88,5 93 97,5 100 89 92 95 98 100 89,7 96.0 102,4 107.2 110.2 23.5 25.5 27,5 29.0 30.0 NOTE The dimensions AC and HD correspond to the length of the chords measured with dividers. 4.5 Shock absorbing capacity When tested in accordance with 5.5 the peak acceleration

49、 shall not, for each impact, exceed 250 g. 4.6 Resistance to penetration When tested in accordance with 5.6 the point of the punch shall not touch the headform. 4.7 Retention system performance 4.7.1 Strength When tested in accordance with 5.7, the dynamic extension shall not exceed 35 mm and the residual extension shall not exceed 25 mm. For this purpose, extension includes slippage of the fastening device. Following the test the retention system shall still permit the helmet to be released