BS EN 1097-3-1998 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Determination of loose bulk density and voids《集料的机械和物理特性试验 松散体积密度和空隙率的测定》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1097-3:1998 The Eur

2、opean Standard EN 1097-3:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voidsThis British Standard, having been p

3、repared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 30086 2 BS EN 1097-3:1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Nation

4、al foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1097-3:1998. It is included in a package of European Standards declared by CEN/TC 154 and it will supersede clause 6 of BS 812-2:1995 which will be withdrawn on 1999-12-01 if all the European Standards included in the package ar

5、e available. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/502, Aggregates, to Subcommittee B/502/6, Test methods, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation

6、, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implem

7、ent international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purpor

8、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cov

9、er, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by a

10、ny means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1097-3:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1097-3 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM April 1998 ICS 91.100.20 Descriptors: Aggregates, tests, mechanical properties, physical properties, determination, density (mass/volume), porosity English

11、version Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids Essais pour de terminer les caracte ristiques me caniques et physiques des granulats Partie 3: Me thode pour la de termination de la masse volumique en vrac et de la porosite inte

12、rgranulaire Pru fverfahren fu r mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinsko rnungen Teil 3: Bestimmung von Schu ttolichte und Hohlraumgehalt This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 February 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which

13、stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standa

14、rd exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standa

15、rds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1097-3:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical C

16、ommittee CEN/TC 154, Aggregates, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Test methods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by parts of the following European Standards: EN 932,

17、 Tests for general properties of aggregates. EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. EN 1367, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates. EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates. prEN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous bound fillers. The

18、other parts of EN 1097 will be: EN 1097-1, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval). EN 1097-2, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentat

19、ion. prEN 1097-4, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler. prEN 1097-5, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven. prEN 1097-6, Tes

20、ts for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption. prEN 1097-7, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler Pyknometer method. prEN 1097-8, Tests for mechanical

21、 and physical properties of aggregates Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value. EN 1097-9, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 9: Method for the determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres: Nordic test. prEN 1097-10, Tests for mechanic

22、al and physical properties of aggregates Part 10: Water suction height. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the l

23、atest by December 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

24、Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Preparation of test specimens 4 7 Procedure 4 8 Calculation and expression of results 4 9 Test report 4 Annex A (

25、normative) Method for the determination of the apparent (bulk) density of filler in kerosene 5 Annex B (normative) Calibration of container 5 Annex C (informative) Precision 5 Annex D (informative) Other conditions of bulk density 6 Annex E (informative) Bibliography 6Page 3 EN 1097-3:1998 BSI 1998

26、1 Scope This European Standard specifies the test procedure for the determination of the loose bulk density of dry aggregate and the calculation of the voids. The test is applicable to natural and artificial aggregates up to a maximum size of 63 mm. A method for the determination of the apparent (bu

27、lk) density of filler in kerosene is given in annex A. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or by undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter

28、. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. prEN 932-2, Tests for general propertie

29、s of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples. prEN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration. prEN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption. IS

30、O 4788:1980, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 loose bulk density the quotient obtained when the mass of dry aggregate filling a specified container without compaction is divided by the capacity o

31、f that container 3.2 voids the air-filled spaces between the aggregate particles in the container 3.3 aggregate size a designation of aggregate in terms of lower (d) and upper (D) sieve sizes NOTE This designation accepts the presence of some particles which will be retained on the upper sieve (over

32、size) and some which will pass the lower sieve (undersize). 3.4 test portion the sample used as a whole in a single test 3.5 test specimen the sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 3.6 constant mass successive weighings after dryi

33、ng at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 % NOTE In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (110 5)8C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and

34、sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used. 4 Principle The dry mass of aggregates filling a specified container is determined by weighing and the corresponding loose bulk density is calculated. The percentage of voids is calculated from the loose bulk density and the partic

35、le density. 5 Apparatus All apparatus shall comply with the general requirements of prEN 932-5. 5.1 Watertight cylindrical container, made of corrosion-resistant metal. The ratio of the inside diameter of the container to its internal depth shall be between 0,5 and 0,8. The minimum capacity of the c

36、ontainer shall be as specified in Table 1. The container shall be calibrated in accordance with annex B. It shall be smooth inside, of sufficient rigidity to retain its form under rough usage and preferably fitted with handles. The top rim shall be smooth and plane and parallel to the bottom. NOTE W

37、hen testing lightweight aggregates, the mass of the test portion may be much smaller than the mass of the container. In such cases it is permissible for a lighter non-metallic container to be used, provided it is both rigid and watertight. Table 1 Minimum capacity of container depending on aggregate

38、 size Upper size of aggregate (D) Capacity mm l Up to 4 1,0 Up to 16 5,0 Up to 31,5 10 Up to 63 20Page 4 EN 1097-3:1998 BSI 1998 5.2 Balance, of suitable capacity, accurate to 0,1 % of the mass of the test portion. For calibration (see annex B) the balance shall be accurate to 0,1 % of the mass of t

39、he water. 5.3 Scoops, of convenient size. 5.4 Straight-edge, made of steel, not less than 50 mm longer than the external diameter of the container, and rigid enough so as not to deform during the levelling process. 5.5 Thermometer, for calibration, capable of measuring the temperature of water at 20

40、8Ct oa precision of 0,58C. 5.6 Drying oven. 5.7 Glass plate, for calibration, large enough to cover the container. 6 Preparation of test specimens Three test specimens shall be obtained in accordance with prEN 932-2. The aggregate shall be dried at (110 5)8C to constant mass. Each test specimen shal

41、l be 120 % to 150 % of the mass needed to fill the container. For lightweight aggregates, where appropriate, allow the test specimens to condition to moisture equilibrium at (23 5)8C and (50 10) % relative humidity after drying at (110 5)8C. 7 Procedure Weigh the empty, dry and clean container (m 1

42、). Place the container on a horizontal surface and fill it to overflowing using the scoop. Whilst filling the container, minimize segregation by resting the scoop on the top rim. At no time shall the edge of the scoop be more than 50 mm above the rim of the container. Carefully remove any surplus ag

43、gregate from above the top of the container ensuring that the surface spread is even to avoid segregation. Level the surface of the aggregate with the straight-edge, taking care not to compact any part of the upper surface. If this is not feasible, level the surface by hand, taking care to approxima

44、te the volume of the aggregates to the capacity of the container as far as possible. Weigh the filled container and record its mass to 0,1 % (m 2 ). Three test specimens shall be tested. 8 Calculation and expression of results The loose bulk density r b is calculated for each test specimen according

45、 to the following equation: r b = m 2 2 m 1 V where r b is the loose bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre; m 2 is the mass of the container and test specimen, in kilograms; m 1 is the mass of the empty container, in kilograms; V is the capacity of the container, in litres. Report the loose bul

46、k density r b as the mean of the three values rounded to the second decimal place for normal aggregates, and to the third decimal place for lightweight aggregates. The percentage of voids v is the volumetric proportion of voids in the container. It is calculated according to the following equation:

47、v = 3 100 r p 2 r b r p where v is the percentage of voids; r b is the loose bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre; r p is the oven dried or pre-dried particle density, in megagrams per cubic metre, as determined in accordance with prEN 1097-6 using a test portion taken from the same laboratory

48、 sample. NOTE A statement on the precision of the test is given in annex C. 9 Test report The test report shall make reference to this standard, stating: a) sample identification, nominal size, and sample description; b) date of test; c) loose bulk density (the three values of the test specimens and

49、 the mean value); d) percentage of voids if relevant.Page 5 EN 1097-3:1998 BSI 1998 Annex A (normative) Method for the determination of the apparent (bulk) density of filler in kerosene A.1 Principle A test portion consisting of a fixed mass of filler is dispersed in a volume of kerosene and allowed to settle. The settled volume of the test portion is measured and is used to calculate the apparent (bulk) density. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1 Graduated glass measuring cylinder with stopper, of 50 ml capacity