1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1170-4 : 1998 The E
2、uropean Standard EN 1170-4 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 4. Measuring bending strength Simplified bending test methodThis Br
3、itish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29185 5 BS EN 1170-4 : 1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No
4、. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1170-4 : 1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete products, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; pres
5、ent to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage but the a
6、nalysis of voting, in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common rules for standards work, resulted in a positive vote. In consequence, the document was accepted as a European Standard. This standard, together with BS EN 1170 : Parts 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, supersedes BS 6432 : 1984
7、 which is withdrawn. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the sec
8、tion entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Co
9、mpliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe e
10、n de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1170-4 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1170-4 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROP
11、A ISCHE NORM November 1997 ICS 91.100.30 Descriptors: Concrete products, prefabricated elements, composite materials, cements, glass, verification, conformity tests, bend tests, measurements, breaking strength English version Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Pa
12、rt 4: Measuring bending strength Simplified bending test method Produits pre fabrique se nb e ton Me thode dessai des composites ciment-verre Partie 4: Mesure de la re sistance en flexion Me thode dite Essai simplifie de flexion Vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse Pru fverfahren fu r Glasfaserbeton Teil
13、4: Bestimmung der Biegezugfestigkeit Einfache Biegezugpru fung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
14、 without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langu
15、age made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, I
16、celand, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1170-4 : 1997 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229, Precast concrete products, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
17、 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the n
18、ational standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
19、. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Symbols and abbreviation 3 4 Apparatus 3 5 Procedure 3 6 Expression of results 4 7 Interpreting the test 4 8 Test report sheet 4 Annex A (informative) Variability of the production process 5 Annex B (informative) Example of test report
20、sheet 6Page 3 EN 1170-4 : 1997 BSI 1998 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method, applicable to glass-fibre reinforced cement, for verifying conformity to the bending strength specification, for evaluating the uniformity of the production process and for checking the homogeneity of the
21、 compaction. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments
22、 to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 7500-1 Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1
23、: Tensile testing machines prEN 1169 Performance criteria for glass-fibre reinforced cement Manufacture control plan 3 Symbols and abbreviation 3.1 Symbols b width of test piece, in millimetres; d thickness of test piece (to the nearest 0,1 mm), in millimetres; F MOR failure load, in newtons; l leng
24、th of test piece, in millimetres; L span, in millimetres; m w mass of test piece before drying, wet mass, in grams; m d mass of test piece after drying, dry mass, in grams; W water content, in percentage by mass; s MOR stress at failure by bending, in megapascals. 3.2 Abbreviation GRC glass-fibre re
25、inforced cement. 4 Apparatus The apparatus comprises: a bending test machine, of accuracy meeting the class 3 requirements specified in ISO 7500-1. It is provided with a 4-point bending device, the diameter of the supports being not less than 6 mm and the distance between the supports being fixed (s
26、pan: 200 mm) or adjustable; a flat board, of approximatively (5003 800) mm made of smooth, easy to be cleaned material. In the case of Premise cement, a frame with the same thickness as the product; a flat-bottomed tank, of approximately (5003 2003 100) mm filled with water maintained at (20 2)8C; a
27、 rule, accurate to 0,5 mm; a calliper, accurate to 0,1 mm; a ventilated drying oven, adjusted to (105 5)8C; a scale, with a measuring range 0 kg to 2 kg accurate to 0,1 g. 5 Procedure 5.1 Test pieces Make a sample panel with no facing layer (i.e. made entirely of GRC),on the flat board, under the sa
28、me conditions as the actual production it represents: spray or premix. After 24 h, demould and store the sample panel until the age of 6 days, under the same conditions as for the actual production it represents. Cut out by sawing at from the edges, eight mm 50 0 +1 test pieces from the positions il
29、lustrated in figure 1. NOTE. The test pieces can also be cut out on the day of demoulding. Mark the test pieces as shown in figure 1. Figure 1. Position and identification of test pieces Dimensions of the test pieces: a) for a testing machine with fixed distance between supports: width: (50 2) mm; l
30、ength: ; mm 225 0 +25 b) for a testing machine with adjustable distance between supports; width (50 2) mm; length as a function of the thickness, in accordance with table 1.Page 4 EN 1170-4 : 1997 BSI 1998 Figure 2. Position of test pieces in testing machine 1) Test pieces T 1 ,T 3 ,B 1 and B 3 are
31、placed mould face down on the two bottom supports; test pieces T 2 ,T 4 ,B 2 and B 4 are placed with the mould face up in contact with the top supports. Table 1. Length of test pieces as a function of their thickness Dimensions in millimetres Thickness d with a tolerance of 0,5 mm # 6,7 6,8 to 10,0
32、10,1 to 12,5 $ 12,6 Length l with a tolerance of mm 0 +25 160 225 275 325 When the eight test pieces have been aged for six days, immerse them in the tank filled with water at (20 2)8C for 24 h so that they have been aged for seven days at the time of the tests. The test shall be carried out no more
33、 than 1/2 h after the test pieces have been removed from the water. 5.2 Test method Measure the length of each test piece to the nearest millimetre. Position the test pieces 1) in the testing machine, as shown in figure 2, on the two bottom supports with a span L determined in accordance with table
34、2. Table 2. Span of the test pieces as a function of their length Dimensions in millimetres Length l 160 225 275 325 Span L 135 200 250 300 Apply the load smoothly at a rate of (10 1) N/s. Record the failure load F MOR , which is the maximum value read off the machine pressure gauge. After failure,
35、measure to the nearest 0,1 mm the thickness and width of the test piece at or near the failure location. Weigh each test piece, i.e. determine m w (in grams). After the failure, place the test pieces in the ventilated drying oven adjusted to (105 5)8C until a constant mass m d is attained, i.e. unti
36、l the difference between two weighing results 24 h apart is less than 0,1 %. 6 Expression of results The stress on failure by bendings MOR , expressed in megapascals, is given by the following equation: s MOR = F MOR 3 L b3 d 2 The water content W, expressed as a percentage by mass, is determined by
37、 the following equation: W = 3 100 m w 2 m d m d NOTE. In quality control it is not essential to measure the water content systematically (see prEN 1169). 7 Interpreting the test The specified value of the ultimate bending stress is determined as a function of the use of the GRC product. It is defin
38、ed during the consideration of the suitability. NOTE. The variability of the production process can be evaluated in accordance with annex A. 8 Test report sheet The test report sheet shall comprise the following elements: the date of test; the identification of manufacturer; the dimensions of test p
39、ieces; the intermediate results: failure load; if necessary, wet mass and dry mass; the results: stress on failure; if necessary, water content; the curing conditions if different from those specified in the standard. NOTE. An example of the test report sheet is given in annex B.Page 5 EN 1170-4 : 1
40、997 BSI 1998 Figure A.1 Families of parameters Annex A (informative) Variability of the production process As in all industrial processes, the final result depends on five large families of parameters: NOTE. Annotations above delete Value and dispersion and substitute Value and its variability. In t
41、he case of glass-fibre reinforced cement, experience has shown that the important variables are: materials: length and type of fibres, granulometry of the sand, nature and class of cement; methods: fibre content, formulation of the mortar, water/cement ratio; equipment: fibre content and orientation
42、; workmanship: quality of compaction, spraying distance; ambient conditions: hardening temperature and duration of curing. The relationship between the stresses on failure by bending (s MOR ) obtained from the eight test pieces is an and T 1 + T 2 + T 3 + T 4 B 1 + B 2 + B 3 + B 4 T 1 + T 3 + B 1 +
43、B 3 T 2 + T 4 + B 2 + B 4 indication of the workmanship and equipment. For a valid evaluation of the quality and uniformity levels, it is useful: to make a graph of the evolution of mean values and varibilities; and to proceed with a statistical analysis (calculation of mean and standard deviation)
44、every five series of tests. BSI 1998 Page 6 EN 1170-4 : 1997 Annex B (informative) Example of test report sheet PRODUCTION CONTROL ON HARDENED GRC (WITHOUT FACING LAYER) Company: . Plant: Resistance to bending Test performed by: TEST: at 7 days on: . (prior immersion in water for 24 h) Date of produ
45、ction: . Order and marking of products made on that day: Test pieces T 1 T 3 B 1 B 3 T 2 T 4 B 2 B 4 Orientation of mould face Down Up Tests carried out: consistency: yes - no Width (mm) b fibre output: yes - no Thickness (mm) d Length (mm) l Failure load (N) F MOR Stress on failure (MPa) s MOR Rela
46、tionship of individual stresses on failure for T 1 + T 2 + T 3 + T 4 B 1 + B 2 + B 3 + B 4 Relationship of individual stresses on failure for T 1 + T 3 + B 1 + B 3 T 2 + T 4 + B 2 + B 4 d (mm) l (mm) L (mm) 2,5 to 6,7 160 135 Wet mass: (g) m w 6,8 to 10 225 200 Dry mass: (g) m d 10 to 12,5 275 250 W
47、ater content (%) W $ 12,6 325 300 Mean value (%) Stress (MPa) = Load (N)3 span (mm) Width (mm)3 thickness 2 (mm) s MOR = F MOR 3 L b3 d 2 *) Taking into account the influence of the thickness on the value of the stress, it is recommended to record the results to the nearest 0,1 mm.blankBSI 389 Chisw
48、ick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI British Standa
49、rds Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the
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