1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1228 : 1997 BS 2782
2、 : Part 12 : Methods 1214A and B : 1997 The European Standard EN 1228 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of initial
3、specific ring stiffnessBS EN 1228 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to th
4、e work on this standard: Committee reference PRI/61 Draft for comment 93/313470 DC ISBN 0 580 26814 4 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/61,
5、 Plastics piping systems and components, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Gas plc British Plastics Federation British Plumbing Fittings Manufacturers Association British Valve and Actuator Manufacturers Association Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management
6、Department of the Environment (British Board of Agre ment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Transport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Institute of Building Control Institute of Materials Inst
7、itution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Pipeline Industries Guild Plastics Land Drainage Manufacturers Association Society of British Gas Industries Society of British Water Industries Water Companies Assoc
8、iation Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulting Engineers Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Institution of Mechanical Engineers RAPRA Tec
9、hnology Ltd.BS EN 1228 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Method 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus 3 5 Test piece 4 6 Conditioning 5 7 Procedure 5 8 Calculation 6 9 Test report 6 Figures 1 Schematic diagram of t
10、he test arrangement 4 2 Method A: Load and corresponding deflection versus time using loading condition b) 5 3 Method B: Deflection and corresponding load versus time using loading condition a) 6ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1228 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Comm
11、ittee PRI/61 and is the English language version of EN 1228 : 1996 Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Determination of initial specific ring stiffness, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is incorporated into BS 2782 Methods of t
12、esting plastics : Part 12 : Reinforced plastics pipes, fittings and valves, as Methods 1214A and B : 1997, for association with related test methods for plastics materials and plastics piping components, where method 1214A corresponds to method A of EN 1228 (using constant load) and method 1214B cor
13、responds to method B of EN 1228 (using constant deflection). This standard has been prepared for reference by other standards under preparation by CEN for specification of reinforced plastics piping systems and components. It has been implemented to enable experience of the methods to be gained and
14、for use for other fresh applications. It is also for use for the revision or amendment of other national standards as practicable, but it should not be presumed to apply to any existing standard or specification which contains or makes reference to a different test method until that standard/specifi
15、cation has been amended or revised to make reference to this method and adjust any requirements as appropriate. No existing British Standard is superseded by this Method. This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. Warning note. This
16、British Standard, which is identical with EN 1228 : 1996, does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by traine
17、d personnel. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for
18、Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN 1228 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN
19、 1228 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM June 1996 ICS 23.040.20 Descriptors: Pipelines, plastic tubes, reinforced plastics, glass-reinforced plastics, thermosetting resins, mechanical test, measurements, rigidity, flexing English version Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plast
20、ics (GRP) pipes Determination of initial specific ring stiffness Syste mes de canalisations en plastique Tubes en plastique thermodurcissable renforce de verre (PRV) De termination de la rigidite annulaire spe cifique initiale Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssysteme Rohre aus glasfaserversta rkten duroplasti
21、schen Kunststoffen (GFK) Ermittlung der spezifischen Anfangs-Ringsteifigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-01-04. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national s
22、tandard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any othe
23、r language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, I
24、reland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1228 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155, Plastics piping systems and ducting systems, the secretariat of which is held by
25、 NNI. This standard is based on the draft International Standard ISO/DIS 7685 Pipes and fittings of glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) Determination of specific ring stiffness of pipes Test methods, prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is a modification of ISO/
26、DIS 7685.2 for reasons of possible applicability to test conditions and alignment with texts of other standards on test methods. The modifications are: test parameters (pressure, time, temperature) are not specified; material-dependent or performance requirements are not given; editorial changes hav
27、e been introduced. The material-dependent test parameters and/or performance requirements are incorporated in the referring standard. This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support System Standards for plastics piping systems and ducting systems. This European Standard s
28、hall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standar
29、ds organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 EN 1228 : 1996 BSI 1997
30、 1 Scope This standard specifies methods for determining the initial specific ring stiffness of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes. Two methods are given and within the specified deflection limits each is equally valid and may be used for any diameter. 2 Definitions For the purposes
31、 of this standard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 compressive load (F) The load applied to a pipe to cause a diametric deflection. It is expressed in newtons. 2.2 deflection (y) The change in diameter of a pipe in response to a diametric compressive load (see 2.1). It is expressed in metres. 2
32、.3 relative deflection (y/d m ) The ratio of the deflection, y, (see 2.2), to the mean diameter of the pipe, d m , (see 2.4). 2.4 mean diameter (d m ) The diameter of the circle corresponding with the middle of the pipe wall cross section. It is given, in metres, by either of the following equations
33、: d m = d i + e d m = d e 2 e where: d i is the average of the measured internal diameters (see 5.3.3), in metres; d e is the average of the measured external diameters (see 5.3.3), in metres; e is the average of the measured wall thicknesses of the pipe (see 5.3.2), in metres. 2.5 specific ring sti
34、ffness (S) A physical characteristic of the pipe which is a measure of the resistance to ring deflection under external load. This characteristic is determined by testing and is defined, in newtons per square metre, by the equation: S = E3 I d m 3 where: E is the apparent modulus of elasticity as de
35、termined in the ring stiffness test, in newtons per square metre; I is the moment of inertia (the second moment of area) in the longitudinal direction per metre length, expressed in metres to the fourth power per metre, i.e.: I = e 3 12 where: e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres; d m is t
36、he mean diameter (see 2.4) of the pipe, in metres. 2.6 initial specific ring stiffness (S 0 ) The initial value of S obtained by testing in accordance with this standard. It is expressed in newtons per square metre. 3 Principle A cut length of pipe is loaded throughout its length to compress it diam
37、etrically and the resulting deflection or load achieved are determined. There are two methods, either of which can be used, designated A or B as follows: method A: After applying the load to achieve a relative deflection of (3 0,5) %, the load is kept constant for a period of time and the final defl
38、ection is determined at the end of this period; method B: After applying the load to achieve the initial deflection specified in the referring standard, the deflection is kept constant for a period of time and the final load being applied at the end of this period is determined. NOTE. It is assumed
39、that the following test parameters are set by the standard making reference to this standard: a) the method for determining the initial specific ring stiffness (see 2.6); b) the length of the test piece (see 5.1); c) the number of test pieces (see 5.2); d) if applicable, conditioning of the test pie
40、ce (see clause 6);. e) for method B, the relative deflection to be applied (see 7.3.3) 4 Apparatus 4.1 Compressive loading machine, comprising a system capable of applying a controlled rate of compression (suitable for methods A or B) or a dead weight loading system (suitable for method A only), wit
41、hout shock, through two parallel load application surfaces conforming to 4.2 so that a horizontally orientated test piece of pipe conforming to clause 5 can be compressed vertically. The accuracy of loading shall be 1 % of the maximum indicated load.Page 4 EN 1228 : 1996 BSI 1997 Figure 1. Schematic
42、 diagram of the test arrangement 4.2 Load application surfaces 4.2.1 General arrangement The surfaces shall be provided by a pair of plates (see 4.2.2), or a pair of beam bars (see 4.2.3), or a combination of one such plate and one such bar, with their major axes perpendicular to and centred on the
43、direction of application of load F by the compressive loading machine, as shown in figure 1. The surfaces to be in contact with the test piece shall be flat, smooth, clean and parallel. Plates and beam bars shall have a length at least equal to the test piece (see clause 5) and have a thickness such
44、 that visible deformation does not occur during the test. 4.2.2 Plates The plate(s) shall have a width of at least 100 mm. 4.2.3 Beam bars Each beam bar shall have rounded edges, a flat face (see figure 1) without sharp edges and a width dependent upon the pipe as follows: a) for pipes with a nomina
45、l size not greater than DN 300 the width shall be (20 2) mm; b) for pipes of nominal sizes greater than DN 300 the width shall be (50 5) mm. The beam bars shall be so constructed and supported that no other surface of the beam bar structure shall come into contact with the test piece during the test
46、. 4.3 Dimensional measuring devices, capable of determining the necessary dimensions (length, diameter, wall thickness) to an accuracy of within 0,1 mm; the deflection of the test piece in the vertical direction to an accuracy of within 1,0 % of the maximum value. 5 Test piece 5.1 Preparation The te
47、st piece shall be a complete ring cut from the pipe to be tested. The length of the test piece shall be as specified in the referring standard, with permissible deviations of 5% . The cut ends shall be smooth and perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Straight lines, to serve as reference lines, sha
48、ll be drawn on the inside or the outside along the length of the test piece at 60 intervals around its circumference. 5.2 Number The number of test pieces shall be as specified in the referring standard. 5.3 Determination of the dimensions 5.3.1 Length Measure the length of the test piece along each
49、 reference line to an accuracy of 0,2 mm. Calculate the average length, L, in metres, of the test piece from the six measured values. 5.3.2 Wall thickness Measure to within 0,2 mm the wall thickness of the test piece at each end of each reference line. Calculate the average wall thickness, e, as the average of the 12 measured values, in metres. 5.3.3 Mean diameter Measure to an accuracy of within 0,5 mm either of the following: a) the internal diameter, d i , of the test piece between each diametr
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