BS EN 1371-1-2011 Founding Liquid penetrant testing Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings《铸件 液体渗透试验 砂型铸件 金属型铸件和低压压模铸件》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1371-1:2011Founding Liquid penetranttestingPart 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressuredie castingsBS EN 1371-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is

2、 the UK implementation of EN 1371-1:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 1371-1:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretar

3、y.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71104 6ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80; 77.150.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British St

4、andard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1371-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1371-1 November 2011 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Supersedes EN

5、1371-1:1997English Version Founding - Liquid penetrant testing- Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings Fonderie - Contrle par ressuage - Partie 1: Pices moules en sable, en coquille, par gravit et basse pression Gieereiwesen - Eindringprfung - Teil 1: Sand-, Schwerkraftkokillen- und

6、 Niederdruckkokillengussstcke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 October 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date

7、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation u

8、nder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Franc

9、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR

10、NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1371-1:2011: EBS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative refer

11、ences 53 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing .54 Method of testing .54.1 Operating mode .54.2 Qualification of the operators .64.3 Surface preparation .64.4 Conditions of testing .65 Acceptance criteria 65.1 Indications of discontinuities .65.2 Definition of liquid penetrant indications 75.3 Sev

12、erity levels 76 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results .87 Retesting .88 Post-examination cleaning procedures 89 Test report 8Annex A (normative) Conversion of severity levels of linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications . 11Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and

13、 types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications . 12Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP 13Annex D (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP . 16Annex E (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indicati

14、ons designated LP and AP . 18Annex F (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report . 22Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition 25Bibliography . 26BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1371-1:2011)

15、has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting nationa

16、l standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN

17、1371-1:1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 11 “Surface inspection“ to revise the following standard: EN 1371-1, Founding Liquid penetrant testing Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings This is one of two European Standards for l

18、iquid penetrant testing for castings. The other standard is: EN 1371-2, Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings Annex G provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulation

19、s, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, N

20、etherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant testing given in EN 571-1 for the additional requirem

21、ents for castings. Liquid penetrant testing as well as any other non-destructive examination method is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011

22、(E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced in conventional sand moulds, by gravity and low-pressure die casting, except for investment castings and high-pressure die castings. This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper

23、-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the

24、 referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 571-1, Non destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magne

25、tic particle testing Viewing conditions (ISO 3059:2001) 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant testing is to be performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of ordering. The methods detailed

26、 in this standard shall only apply to the agreed surfaces of castings and the percentage or number of castings to be checked. For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: type of discontinuity; severity level. This information enables the manufacturer to ass

27、ess the additional testing and operations involved. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant testing selected and surface condition. Therefore the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed shall fit to detect the minimum required severity level. The type of discontinuity

28、 and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see Table 1 and Table 2). The conversion from the severity levels specified in EN 1371-1:1997, Table 3 1, to the severity levels specified in Table 2 of the present edition is given in Table A.1. 4 Method of testing 4.1

29、 Operating mode Testing shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specifications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 6 4.2 Qualification of the operators U

30、nless otherwise agreed, testing shall be performed by personnel, qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean, free from rust, sand, scale, moulding and mould coating residues

31、, oil, grease, paint or any other contaminant which can interfere with a correct testing. Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing, except for sand moulded castings. If shot blasting is necessary, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up pos

32、sible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperatu

33、re, immersion time neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. To detect the smallest indication to be considered, the surface finish shall be in accordance with Table 3, unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering. NOTE It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish

34、is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator, see EN 1370. 4.4 Conditions of testing The testing shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with EN ISO 3059. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Indications of discontinuiti

35、es 5.1.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), aligned or linear. Although liquid penetrant testing cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of th

36、e indication. In the following clauses: L indicates length; W indicates width; P indicates liquid penetrant; SP indicates non-linear isolated indication; CP indicates non-linear clustered indication; AP indicates aligned indication; LP indicates linear indication. NOTE Based on the principle of the

37、test method, the operator evaluates the size of the indications, not the real size of discontinuities. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 7 5.1.2 Criteria The physical discontinuities shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant testing indication. The various types of penetra

38、nt indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown in Annex B (informative). 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant indications a) Linear indication (LP). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 3 W); b) Non-linear indication. An i

39、ndication with a largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 50 mm LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP 001 AP 001 LP 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 01 AP 01 LP 1 AP 1 LP 1 AP 1 LP 2 AP 2 LP 2 AP 2 LP 1 AP 1 LP 3 AP 3 LP 3 AP 3 LP 2 AP 2 LP 1 AP 1 LP 4 AP 4 LP

40、 4 AP 4 LP 3 AP 3 LP 2 AP 2 LP 5 AP 5 LP 5 AP 5 LP 4 AP 4 LP 3 AP 3 LP 6 AP 6 LP 5AP 5 LP 4 AP 4 LP 7 AP 7 LP 5AP 5 NOTE t indicates section thickness. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 12 Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Table

41、 B.1 Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Nature of discontinuities Symbol Types of liquid penetrant indications non-linear linear aligned isolated SP clustered CP LP APGas porosity A X X X Sand and/or slag inclusions (other than alumina) B X X X Shrinkag

42、e C X X X X Cracks D Hot tears E X X Inserts F X X X Laps and cold shuts H X X Presence of alumina aJ X X Graphite flotationbK No image, but “background“ indications aFor non-ferrous alloys only.bFor cast iron only. BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 13 Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-l

43、inear isolated indications designated SP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. These reference figures are valid for all cast alloys, except cast aluminium and magnesium alloys. Figure C.1 Severity level SP 1 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:

44、2011 (E) 14 Figure C.2 Severity level SP 2 Figure C.3 Severity level SP 3 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 15 Figure C.4 Severity level SP 4 Figure C.5 Severity level SP 5 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 16 Annex D (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP Al

45、l reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. These reference figures are valid for aluminium and magnesium cast alloys. Figure D.1 Severity level SP 1 CP 1 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 17 Figure D.2 Severity level SP 2 CP 2 Figure D.3 Sev

46、erity level SP 3 CP 3 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 18 Annex E (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. These reference figures are valid for all cas

47、t alloys. Figure E.1 Severity level LP 1 AP 1 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 19 Figure E.2 Severity level LP 2 AP 2 Figure E.3 Severity level LP 3 AP3 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 20 Figure E.4 Severity level LP 4 AP 4 Figure E.5 Severity level LP 5 AP 5 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (

48、E) 21 Figure E.6 Severity level LP 6 AP 6 Figure E.7 Severity level LP 7 AP 7 BS EN 1371-1:2011EN 1371-1:2011 (E) 22 Annex F (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report Company Socit Firma Liquid-penetrant test report Contrle par ressuage - Rapport dessais Prfbericht zur Eindringprfung No.

49、 n Nr. Sheet Page Blatt According toConforme Entsprechend Customer Client Kunde Order No. Commande n Bestell-Nr. Specification Spcification Vorschrift Material Nuance Werkstoff Heat No. Coule n Schmelze Nr. Identification Marquage Kennzeichnung Quantity Quantit Menge Casting designation Dsignation des pices Gustckbezeichnung Lot No. n du lot Los Nr. Drawing No. Plan n Zeic