BS EN 1482-1-2007 Fertilizers and liming materials - Sampling and sample preparation - Sampling《肥料和加石灰材料 抽样和样品制备 抽样》.pdf

1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58preparation Part 1: SamplingThe European Standard EN 1482-1:2007 has the status of a British Standa

2、rdICS 65.080Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1482-1:2007BS EN 1482-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50290 3Amendments issued since publicat

3、ionAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by

4、 BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 1482-1:2007. This standard, together with BS EN 1482-2:2007, supersedes BS EN 1482:1996, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/37, Fertilizers and related chemicals.A list of organizations represent

5、ed on CII/37 can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1482-1January 2007ICS 65.080 Supersedes EN 1482:1996 English VersionFertilizers and liming materials - Sampling and samplepreparation - Part 1: SamplingEngrais et amendements minraux basiques -

6、Echantillonnage et prparation des chantillons - Partie 1:EchantillonnageDngemittel und Calcium-/Magnesium-Bodenverbesserungsmittel - Probenahme undProbenvorbereitung - Teil 1: ProbenahmeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 December 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELE

7、C Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN

8、 member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN memb

9、ers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sw

10、itzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. E

11、N 1482-1:2007: EEN 1482-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Sampling plans and quantitative data .7 5 Incremental sampling methods10 6 Reduction of aggregate sample .25 7 Division into final samples .26 8 Practical arra

12、ngements for final (laboratory) samples 26 9 Sampling report .27 Annex A (normative) Test for bias in mechanical samplers.29 Annex B (informative) Examples of rotating sample dividers 32 Annex C (normative) Test for bias in a rotary divider .35 Annex D (informative) Examples of apparatus for samplin

13、g fluid fertilizers 36 Annex E (normative) Methods of mixing for fluid fertilizers.44 Bibliography 51 EN 1482-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1482-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 260 “Fertilizers and liming materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Eur

14、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. Together with Part 2, this document supersedes EN 1482:1996. Th

15、is European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 relat

16、ing to fertilizers. EN 1482,Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation” consists of two parts: Part 1: Sampling Part 2: Sample preparation According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t

17、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un

18、ited Kingdom. EN 1482-1:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard (EN 1482-1) covers the following aspects of sampling, derived from the International Standards and documents indicated but presented in a simplified and condensed form. The titles of the International Standards are given in the B

19、ibliography. Sampling plans and quantitative data: ISO 8634, ISO/TR 5307, ISO/TR 7553 and EEC 77/535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Sampling methods: ISO 3963, and EEC 77/535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Reduction: ISO 7410, ISO 7742, ISO 8358 and EEC 77/535 (supersed

20、ed by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Sampling reports: ISO 5306 and EEC 77/535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). EN 1482-2 covers the reduction and preparation of samples for analysis. Figure 1 gives a schematic diagram of the sampling and sample preparation process for solids. The funda

21、mental principle of representative sampling is that every particle has an equal chance of being selected or rejected. This principle cannot easily be complied with in the case of bulk heaps of solid fertilizers or large storage tanks of fluid fertilizers as the majority of the material cannot be rea

22、ched by any sampling device. The fertilizer in these cases should be sampled during transfer, during the building up of the heap, during the filling of the storage tank, during dispatch or where it is being moved solely for sampling purposes. EN 1482-1:2007 (E) 5 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sampli

23、ng process for solids EN 1482-1:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies sampling plans and methods of representative sampling of fertilizers and liming materials to obtain samples for physical and chemical analysis, from packages and containers up to and including 1 000 kg, from fluid pr

24、oducts and from fertilizers in bulk provided the product is in motion. It is applicable to the sampling of lots of fertilizer or liming material supplied or ready for supply to third parties, as such, or in smaller lots, each of which would be subject to local, national or regional legislation. Wher

25、e legislation so requires, samples are taken in accordance with this European Standard. NOTE The term fertilizer is used throughout the body of this European Standard and should be taken to include liming materials unless otherwise indicated. This European Standard does not cover complete, statistic

26、al sampling plans. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1235

27、, Solid fertilizers Test sieving (ISO 8397:1988 modified) ISO 2602, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation of the mean Confidence interval ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of thi

28、s document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aggregate sample combination of all increments from the lot or sampled portion NOTE The increments may be grouped together in equal numbers in order to form several aggregate samples which can be reduced and analysed separately. 3.2 delivery

29、 quantity of material transferred at one time 3.3 division process of producing a number of representative smaller portions, approximately equal in mass to each other, from a larger mass 3.4 final sample representative part of the reduced sample or, where no intermediate reduction is required, of th

30、e aggregate sample NOTE Often, more than one sample is prepared, at the same time, from the reduced sample (or from the aggregate sample). One or more of these final samples is used as a laboratory sample or as laboratory samples, while others may be stored for reference purposes. EN 1482-1:2007 (E)

31、 7 3.5 increment quantity of material taken from a sampling unit NOTE An increment may be constituted from a number of sub samples. 3.6 laboratory sample one final sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing 3.7 lot total quantity of material, assumed to have the same characteristics, to be

32、 sampled using a particular sampling plan 3.8 reduced sample representative part of the aggregate sample obtained by a process of reduction in such a manner that the mass is at least the mass of the required final samples 3.9 reduction process of producing a representative smaller mass of fertilizer

33、 from a larger mass, with the remainder being discarded 3.10 sampling unit defined quantity of material having a boundary, which can be physical or hypothetical NOTE An example of a physical boundary is a container. An example of a hypothetical boundary is a time interval for a flow of material. 3.1

34、1 sampled portion quantity of a material consisting of all the sampling units from which increments are to be taken and having characteristics presumed to be uniform 4 Sampling plans and quantitative data 4.1 General Correct sampling is a difficult operation which requires great care. The need to ob

35、tain a fully representative sample for both the chemical and physical testing of fertilizers cannot be stressed too much. Sampling plans have been produced to cover a range of quantities of fertilizer and these form the basis of International Standards (see Bibliography). The sampling plans given in

36、 this European Standard are not based on strict statistical principles but samples obtained by following the procedures described in this clause shall be considered to be representative of the original lot or sampled portion. This clause specifies sampling plans for the evaluation of deliveries of f

37、ertilizers as well as statutory control plans which have to be followed in certain circumstances. For statutory control and the simple commercial evaluation of a small quantity of fertilizer, one final sample is sufficient but this may subsequently be divided into a number of identical samples. EN 1

38、482-1:2007 (E) 8 For the commercial evaluation of a large delivery which is supplied for resale in smaller lots a number of samples representing parts of the delivery are required in order to assess the variability of the lot. NOTE For example a delivery of 5 000 t should be treated as at least five

39、 deliveries of 1 000 t each and five separate samples should be collected and prepared. The determination in this European Standard is based on a simple relationship between the amount to be sampled and the minimum number of increments to be taken. The methods of sampling to be used are described in

40、 Clause 5. 4.2 Sampling plans 4.2.1 Determination of the number of sampling units which form the sampled portion 4.2.1.1 General The number of sampling units from which increments are to be taken depends on the size of the lot. 4.2.1.2 Product in packages or containers In the case of product in pack

41、ages or containers, the sampling unit is a package and the number of individual packages from which incremental samples are to be taken should be in accordance with Table 1. In this context a package is normally taken to hold no more than 50 kg larger containers such as Intermediate Bulk Containers

42、(IBCs) should be treated according to the procedure in 5.9 or 5.10. For packages weighing less than 1 kg each, it might be necessary to increase the number taken to ensure a sufficiently large aggregate sample. Table 1 Number of individual packages from which incremental samples are to be taken Lot

43、size Minimum number of sampling units 4 or fewer packages All packages More than 4 and up to 10 packages 4 More than 10 and up to 400 packages The nearest whole number above the square root of the number of packages present. More than 400 packages 20 4.2.1.3 Product in bulk In the case of product in

44、 bulk, the number of sampling units from which incremental samples should be taken depends on the total mass present. The number of sampling units to be sampled should be in accordance with Table 2. Table 2 Number of sampling units from which incremental samples are to be taken Lot size Minimum numb

45、er of sampling units 25 t or less 10 More than 25 t and up to 400 t The nearest whole number above the square root of 4 times the number of tonnes present. More than 400 t 40 EN 1482-1:2007 (E) 9 4.2.2 Identification of the sampling units to be sampled 4.2.2.1 Solid and fluid fertilizer in packages

46、or containers Identify the packages in the lot or sampled portion consecutively and, by using a source of random numbers, select the packages from which incremental samples are to be taken and mark them. 4.2.2.2 Solid and fluid fertilizer in bulk during movement Where the movement relates to loading

47、 or unloading using grabbing equipment such as a crane or automatic shovel loader, the sampling unit is the quantity of material corresponding to one grab. If the movement is a continuous operation such as on a conveyor belt or through a pipe, each sampling unit is made up of a mass of no more than

48、5 t. Calculate the number of sampling units present from the total mass and by using a table of random numbers select the sampling units from which increments are to be taken during the movement. Number the sampling units in chronological order of their formation. Estimate the time taken for the mat

49、erial to pass the sampling point. Divide this time into equal time intervals such that the number of intervals is at least twice the minimum number of sampling units to be sampled in accordance with Table 2 and each sampling unit is not more than 5 t. The time intervals are the sampling units. From these sampling units randomly select the number from which increments are to be taken. Within each of the selected sampling units randomly select a time at which the increment is to be taken. NOTE As there wil