1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58sheets for roof waterproofing Method for exposure to bitumenThe European Standard EN 1548:2007 has
2、the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.50Flexible sheets for waterproofing Plastic and rubber BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1548:2007BS EN 1548:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 58884 6Amen
3、dments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1548:2007.The UK participation in i
4、ts preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/546, Flexible sheets for waterproofing and water vapour control, to Subcommittee B/546/2, Plastics and rubber sheets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
5、rt to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1548September 2007ICS 91.100.50English VersionFlexible sheets for waterproofing - Plastic and rubber sheets forroof waterproofing - Method for exposure to bitumenFeuilles souples dtanchit - Feuilles dta
6、nchit detoiture plastiques et lastomres - Mthode dexposition aubitumeAbdichtungsbahnen - Kunststoff- und Elastomerbahnen frDachabdichtungen - Verhalten nach Lagerung auf BitumenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
7、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This
8、European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the n
9、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
10、 United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1548:2007:
11、EEN 1548:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 General6 5 Principle7 6 Apparatus .7 6.1 Metal plate 7 6.2 Metal mask7 6.3 Glass plate7 6.4 Separation means7 6.5 Thermometer7 6.6 Balance .7 6.7 Dial micrometer7 6.8 Calliper
12、gauge 8 6.9 Ventilated oven 8 6.10 Bitumen.8 7 Sampling.8 8 Preparation of test specimens .8 9 Procedure .8 9.1 Test bitumen.8 9.2 Temperature .8 9.3 Exposure duration .8 9.4 Exposure to contact with bitumen.9 9.4.1 Test specimens9 9.4.2 Reference specimens9 9.5 Determination of changes in mass 9 9.
13、5.1 Test specimen9 9.5.2 Initial value .9 9.5.3 Exposure.9 9.5.4 Measurement of mass .9 9.6 Determination of changes in Youngs Modulus .9 9.6.1 Test specimen9 9.6.2 Exposure.10 9.6.3 Determination of Youngs Modulus .10 10 Expression of results 10 10.1 Changes in mass .10 10.1.1 Change in mass .10 10
14、.1.2 Change in mass per unit area.10 10.1.3 Percentage change in mass .10 10.2 Youngs Modulus .11 11 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Additional information.12 Annex B (informative) Calibration of apparatus13 EN 1548:2007 (E) 3 B.1 Temperature calibration13 B.2 Ventilation calibration.13 EN 1548
15、:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1548:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 254 “Flexible sheets for waterproofing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or b
16、y endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, B
17、elgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1548:2007 (E) 5
18、Introduction This European Standard is intended for characterisation of plastic and rubber sheets as manufactured or supplied before use. This test method relates exclusively to products or to their components where appropriate, and not to waterproofing membrane systems composed of such products and
19、 installed in the works. EN 1548:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method of exposing test specimens of plastic and rubber sheets for roofing free from all external restraint, to contact with bitumen at an elevated temperature and methods for determining the changes in properties
20、 resulting from such exposure. The methods for determination of changes in properties are specified as follows: a) changes in mass directly after contact with bitumen; b) changes in physical properties after contact with bitumen. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispen
21、sable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of thickness and mass per unit area P
22、art 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 13416, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing Rul
23、es for sampling EN 13956:2005, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing Definitions and characteristics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13956:2005 apply. 4 General The bitumen compatib
24、ility of sheets with an inner layer and EPDM sheets may be determined by a change in mass. The bitumen compatibility of sheets without an inner layer may be determined by the change in Youngs Modulus. Results obtained by this test method from homogeneous sheets can be applied to sheets manufactured
25、with same chemical formulation, but having inner reinforcement layers (e.g. fabric or non-wovens of polyester or mineral fibres). NOTE See also Annex A Sheets with a non-woven backing of at least 150 g/m or equivalent, which prevents any contact of the waterproofing membrane with bitumen when instal
26、led in accordance with the manufacturers instructions are considered to be bitumen compatible and may be declared as such by the manufacturer. The compatibility with bitumen is determined for the underside of the sheet as installed in accordance with the manufacturers EN 1548:2007 (E) 7 instructions
27、. This European standard does not necessarily assess compatibility with bitumen on the upper face. 5 Principle A test specimen is exposed, on one face only, to contact with bitumen at 50C for 28 days. Determination of properties is made before and after contact with bitumen. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Metal pl
28、ate A rectangular metal plate measuring 400 mm x 350 mm x 2 mm. 6.2 Metal mask A rectangular metal mask 3 mm thick with outside dimensions of 280 mm x 220 mm and three inside windows of 200 mm x 80 mm each (see Figure 1). The beam width of the frame shall be 10 mm. Figure 1 Metal mask 6.3 Glass plat
29、e A rectangular glass plate 3 mm to 8 mm thick measuring 400 mm x 350 mm. 6.4 Separation means A means of separating sheets e.g. silicon paper, talc, aluminium foil, Teflon coated fabric. 6.5 Thermometer A thermometer of suitable range and accuracy. 6.6 Balance Balance capable of reading to 0,001 g.
30、 6.7 Dial micrometer Dial micrometer with flat anvils, accurate to 0,01 mm. EN 1548:2007 (E) 8 6.8 Calliper gauge Calliper gauge, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 0,1 mm. 6.9 Ventilated oven Ventilated air oven regulated in such a way that the test specimen can be maintained at a constant temp
31、erature of 50 C during the full test duration. NOTE The temperature calibration procedure is described in B.1 and details on the ventilation are given in B.2. 6.10 Bitumen Standard type of bitumen used throughout Europe and commonly available. If in doubt use 85/25 grade. 7 Sampling Samples shall be
32、 taken in accordance with EN 13416. 8 Preparation of test specimens Six specimens of a size of 210 mm x 90 mm shall be prepared. Three specimens shall be used for exposure to contact with bitumen (for abbreviation purposes these will be called “exposed specimens“). Three specimens shall be used for
33、reference purposes, i.e. for heat aging under the same conditions but without contact with bitumen (these will be called “reference specimens“). After exposure condition the test specimens, prior to testing, for at least 7 days in a standard atmosphere of (23 2) C and (50 5) % relative humidity. 9 P
34、rocedure 9.1 Test bitumen If information is required concerning the behaviour of the sheet in contact with a specific type of test bitumen, that bitumen shall, as a rule, be used. 9.2 Temperature Unless otherwise stated the temperature for exposure to contact with bitumen is (50 2) C. If any other t
35、emperature is used it shall be noted in the test report (see 11) The temperature for the determination of changes in properties is (23 2) C. 9.3 Exposure duration The exposure duration is at least 28 days. Exposure of greater than 28 days shall be noted in the test report (see 11). EN 1548:2007 (E)
36、9 9.4 Exposure to contact with bitumen 9.4.1 Test specimens Place the metal base plate, covered by separation means (see 6.4) and the mask, in the oven until they have reached (70 2) C. Remove this assembly from the oven and place it on a level surface. Uniformly pour the hot bitumen, after homogeni
37、zation, into the warm assembly to create a layer of at least 3 mm thickness. A typical temperature for casting of the bitumen is 175 C, however a bitumen temperature of 175 C or greater shall be maintained for no longer than 4 min. Take care not to heat the bitumen over 200 C. The heating time for t
38、he bitumen shall not exceed 1 h prior to casting. Allow the assembly to cool to room temperature and then place three test specimens centrally on the bitumen surface in the mask windows avoiding any entrapped air. The face in contact with the bitumen shall be the same as will be exposed in the appli
39、cation. Place the separation means (see 6.4) on the other side of the specimens and place the glass plate on them. Carefully turn over the whole assembly so the base plate is uppermost. Remove the base plate and separation means and place the rest of the assembly in an oven at (50 2) C for 28 days.
40、Remove the assembly from the oven and separate the specimen from the bitumen layer, for example by cooling it to 20 C or lower and delaminate by slightly bending it back and forth. In some cases it may be better to remove the bitumen by pulling it off while still warm. It might be necessary in some
41、cases to clean the test specimen to remove remnants of bitumen. 9.4.2 Reference specimens Three specimens shall be stored in a separate oven at (50 2) C for 28 days without contact with the bitumen. 9.5 Determination of changes in mass 9.5.1 Test specimen Six specimens 210 mm x 90 mm shall be used,
42、three as exposed specimens, three as reference specimens. 9.5.2 Initial value Record the initial mass M1of each test specimen according to EN 1849-2. 9.5.3 Exposure Expose three test specimens to contact with the test bitumen and three reference specimens following the procedure in Clause 9.4 9.5.4
43、Measurement of mass After reconditioning in accordance with Clause 8 record the mass, Mr, of the three reference specimens and the mass, Mx, of the three exposed specimens in accordance with EN 1849-2. 9.6 Determination of changes in Youngs Modulus 9.6.1 Test specimen Six specimens 210 mm x 90 mm sh
44、all be used, three as exposed specimens, three as reference specimens. EN 1548:2007 (E) 10 NOTE The same test specimens as used for the determination of change in mass can be used. 9.6.2 Exposure Expose the test specimens for exposure to contact with the test bitumen and the reference specimens foll
45、owing the procedure in Clause 9.4. 9.6.3 Determination of Youngs Modulus After determination of the change in mass, cut the specimens 170 mm x 15 mm from the 210 mm x 90 mm specimens. Cut five specimens each from the larger exposed and reference material. Determine the Youngs Modulus Erof the refere
46、nce samples and the Youngs Modulus Exof the exposed samples in accordance with EN 12311-2, Method A. The secant modulus Escbetween 1 % and 2 % strain may be deduced from the stress-strain curve when a testing speed of (5 1) mm/min has been used. The measuring length shall be 100 mm measured between
47、reference marks on an extensometer. 10 Expression of results 10.1 Changes in mass 10.1.1 Change in mass Record, for each specimen, the masses in grams of: a) reference specimen Mr; b) exposed specimen after contact with bitumen Mx; and record these values with the applicable signs. Calculate and rec
48、ord the mean value Mrmof the three reference specimens and Mxmof the three exposed specimens. 10.1.2 Change in mass per unit area For each specimen, calculate and record the mass per unit area, expressed in grams per square metre, by means of the following equation: Mr/Aiin g.m-2or Mx/Aiin g.m-2(1)
49、where Mrand Mx have the same meanings as in 10.1.1 and Aiis the total surfaces area, in square metres, of the respective specimens. Calculate and record Mr,u,m, the mean mass per unit area for the reference specimens and Mx,u,m, the mean mass per unit area for the exposed specimens. 10.1.3 Percentage change in mass Record for each specimen the mass in gram of: a) reference specimen virgin Mrvand after 28d 50C Mr; b) exposed specimen virgin Mxvand after contac
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