1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1595 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1595 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 71.120.10; 81.040.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Pressure equipment made from borosilicate glass 3.3 General rules for design, manufacture and testingBS EN 1595 : 1997 This British Stand
3、ard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PSE/13 Draft for comment 94/7
4、14190 DC ISBN 0 580 27961 8 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PSE/13, Glass piping, upon which the following bodies were represented: British G
5、lass Manufacturers Confederation Chemical Industries Association Institution of Chemical Engineers Society of Glass Technology Coopted membersBS EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative refe
6、rences 3 3 Symbols and units 3 4 Material 3 5 Certification of quality characteristics 6 6 Strength characteristics for design 6 7 Design calculations 6 8 Marking 7 9 Inspection and testing 7 Tables 1 Characteristic values, application limits and chemical resistance of borosilicate glass 3.3 4 2 Typ
7、es of imperfections and criteria for acceptability 5ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1595 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PSE/13, and is the English language version of EN 1595 : 1997, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersed
8、es BS 2598 : Part 1 : 1991 which is withdrawn. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS 3473 Chemical resistance of glass used in the production of laboratory glassware ISO 695 : 1991 Part 1 : 1991 Method for determination of resistance of glass to attack by a boili
9、ng aqueous solution of mixed alkali ISO 719 : 1985 Part 2 : 1987 Method for determination of hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 98 C ISO 720 : 1985 Part 3 : 1987 Method for determination of hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 121 C ISO 1776 : 1985 Part 5 : 1987 Method for determination of
10、 resitance of glass to attack by 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 100 C BS 7034 Viscosity and viscometric fixed points of glass ISO 7884-8 : 1987 Part 8 : 1988 Method for the determination of (dilatometric) transformation temperature ISO 7991 : 1987 BS 7030 : 1988 Method for determination of the coeffic
11、ient of mean linear thermal expansion of glass Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back
12、 cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1595 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1595 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NO
13、RM January 1997 ICS 71.120.10; 81.040.30 Descriptors: Glassware, pressure equipment, pressure vessels, glass tubes, borosilicate glass, design, characteristics, chemical resistance, quality, acceptability, computation, test, marking English version Pressure equipment made from borosilicate glass 3.3
14、 General rules for design, manufacture and testing Equipement sous pression re alise s en verre borosilicate 3.3 Re gles ge ne rales pour calculs, fabrication et essais Druckgera te aus Borosilicatglas 3.3 Allgemeine Grundsa tze fu r Berechnung, Herstellung und Pru fung This European Standard was ap
15、proved by CEN on 1996-12-12. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national s
16、tandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
17、 to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Pa
18、ge 2 EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/CS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be wit
19、hdrawn at the latest by July 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Nethe
20、rlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 Introduction It has been assumed in the drafting of this European Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. 1 Scope This Euro
21、pean Standard specifies material, design, inspection, testing and marking requirements of pressure equipment (e.g. vessels, pipes, valves) made from borosilicate glass 3.3 with a coefficient of mean linear thermal expansion of (3,3 0,1)3 10 26 K 21 . It is not applicable to: circular, flat and tubul
22、ar sight glasses; equipment made from borosilicate glass with another coefficient of thermal expansion. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the
23、 text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to a
24、pplies. ISO 695 Glass Resistance to attack by a boiling aqueous solution of mixed alkali Method of test and classification ISO 719 Glass Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 98 degrees C Method of test and classification ISO 720 Glass Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 121 degrees C Method
25、 of test and classification ISO 1776 Glass Resistance to attack by hydrochloric acid at 100 degrees C Flame emission or flame atomic absorption spectrometric method ISO 7884-8 Glass Viscosity and viscometric fixed points Part 8: Determination of (dilatometric) transformation temperature ISO 7991 Gla
26、ss Determination of coefficient of mean linear thermal expansion 3 Symbols and units For the purposes of this European Standard the following symbols and their definitions apply: c p specific heat capacity kJkg 21 K 21 c p20/100 mean specific heat capacity between 20 C and 100 C kJkg 21 K 21 c p20/2
27、00 mean specific heat capacity between 20 C and 200 C kJkg 21 K 21 E modulus of elasticity kNmm 22 K strength characteristic Nmm 22 S safety factor K S permissible stress to be employed for calculations N.mm 22 DT temperature difference between inner and outer surface of the wall K u a temperature o
28、f the medium around the pressure equipment C u B maximum temperature of the medium in contact with glass C u g transformation temperature C u i temperature of the medium in the pressure equipment C a coefficient of linear thermal expansion K 21 a 20/300 coefficient of mean linear thermal expansion o
29、ver the range between 20 C and 300 C K 21 l thermal conductivity Wm 21 K 21 l 20/200 mean thermal conductivity between 20 C and 200 C Wm 21 K 21 n Poissons ratio (transverse contraction ratio) r density gcm 23 s T thermal wall stress, stress as a consequence of linear temperature gradient Nmm 22 Du
30、temperature difference u i 2 u a K 4 Material 4.1 Properties For the construction of glass pressure equipment borosilicate glass 3.3 having the properties specified in table 1 shall be used.Page 4 EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 Table 1. Characteristic values, application limits and chemical resistance of b
31、orosilicate glass 3.3 Coefficient of mean linear thermal expansion a 20/300 = (3,3 0,1) 10 26 K 21 Test method: ISO 7991 Mean thermal conductivity between 20 C and 200 C l 20/200 = 1,2 Wm 2 K 21 Mean specific heat capacity between 20 and 100 C c p20/100 = 0,8 kJkg 21 K 21 Mean specific heat capacity
32、 between 20 and 200 C c p20/200 = 0,9 kJkg 21 K 21 Density at 20 C r = (2,23 0,02) gcm 23 Modulus of elasticity E = 64 kNmm 22 Poissons ratio n = 0,2 (transverse contraction ratio) Transformation temperature u g = (525 15) C Test method: ISO 7884-8 Maximum temperature of the medium in contact with g
33、lass 1) u B # 300 C Hydrolytic resistance at 98 C Test method: ISO 719 Hydrolytic resistance grain class ISO 719-HGB1 Hydrolytic resistance at 121 C Test method: ISO 720 Hydrolytic resistance grain class ISO 720-HGA1 Acid resistance Test method: ISO 1776 Sodium oxide (Na 2 O) # 100mg per 1 dm 2 of g
34、lass when the glass as a material is tested (including preliminary acid treatment) Resistance to attack by a boiling aqueous solution of mixed alkali Test method: ISO 695 Alkali resistance class ISO 695-A2 or better 1) With temperatures u B # 200 C special precautions shall be taken for the preventi
35、on of abrupt temperature fluctuations. 4.2 Quality The glass shall be annealed to commercially acceptable quality and shall be homogeneous enough to be free from imperfections, which can affect the mechanical strength. Types of imperfections and criteria for acceptability shall be as given in table
36、2.Page 5 EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 Table 2. Types of imperfections and criteria for acceptability Types of imperfections Description Criteria for acceptability Solid inclusions Solid inclusions are non-transparent inclusions in the solidified glass. The solid inclusions may be both undissolved constit
37、uents of the glass batch, and also foreign bodies, e.g. particles from the refractory lining of the furnace or constitutents of glass that have crystallized out. Solid inclusions which lie in the vicinity of the surface of the glass, and which therefore deform or interrupt the line of the surface an
38、d can thus be detected by touch, are not permissible. Solid inclusions from which cracks extend into the surrounding glass are not permissible. Solid inclusions within the glass wall are permissible: if their diameter is no greater than 50 % of the wall thickness, but does not exceed 4 mm; and if th
39、e distance between them is at least ten times the diameter of the smaller inclusion. Bubbles Bubbles are gaseous inclusions. They may be closed or open. Open bubbles are bubbles that have opened up at the surface of the glass wall, or bubbles sited at such a short distance beneath the surface that t
40、hey can be made to collapse easily. Open bubbles or bubbles which can be made to collapse easily are not permissible. Closed bubbles are permissible if the sum of their breadth and length is no greater than 30 mm, the breadth is no greater than 10 mm and the bubbles thickness is less than 50 % of th
41、e wall thickness but does not exceed 4 mm. Knots Knots are roundish integrated inhomogeneities within the glass. They have a different refractive index and are therefore visible. Knots from which cracks extend into the surrounding glass are not permissible. Cords Cords are filamentary or threadlike
42、inhomogeneities in the glass which for the most part follow a twisting path. They have a different refractive index and are therefore visible. Cords from which cracks extend into the surrounding glass are not permissible. Cracks Cracks are breaks in the glass body which propagate right through or pa
43、rtly through the wall thickness. Cracks are not permissible. Scratches The term scratches is used to describe damage to the surface of the glass which follows a linear path, is rough and which as a rule has a dull appearance. Scratches which can be detected clearly by touch, and those associated wit
44、h cracking, are not permissible. Knocks Knocks are points at the surface of the glass which have been chipped as a consequence of impacts or blows. Knocks are not permissible.Page 6 EN 1595 : 1997 BSI 1997 5 Certification of quality characteristics By marking as defined in clause 8, the manufacturer
45、 certifies the following: 1) that the type of glass designated through the application of his brand name has the specified physical and chemical properties of borosilicate glass 3.3; 2) that the shape, dimensions and wall thickness requirements have been met. 6 Strength characteristics for design 6.
46、1 If the surface is ground and polished or simply ground, or if an initially flame-polished undamaged surface is altered as a result of mechanical effects (e. g. scratches) when being utilized in the manner intended, or if it is possible for it to be altered under service conditions, the permissible
47、 tensile stress shall be: = 7 Nmm 22 K S 6.2 If the flame-polished surface produced during the hot-forming process has neither been subjected to further mechanical processing, nor has been altered as a consequence of mechanical effects (e.g. scratches), and if this flame-polished state can be preven
48、ted from undergoing any alterations during the planned service period through the application of a protective surface finish firmly bonded to the glass, or through the adoption of other safety measures, the permissible tensile stress shall be: = 10 Nmm 22 K S 6.3 The permissible compressive stress s
49、hall be: = 100 Nmm 22 K S 6.4 The characteristics given in 6.1 to 6.3 already embrace a safety factor S, for which no figure has been specified, which makes allowance for practical experience and for the theoretical finding relating to the strength behaviour of borosilicate glass 3.3 determined in experiments. Even with the application of a continuous maximum permissible load under unfavourable ambient conditions, a sufficiently low failure prob
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