BS EN 1885-1998 Feather and down - Terms and definitions《羽毛和羽绒 术语和定义》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1885:1998 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Feather and down Terms and definitions The European Standard EN 1885:1998, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003, has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.040.59; 59.040 BS EN 1885:1998 This British Standard, having been prepare

2、d under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1998 BSI 22 June 2004 ISBN 0 580 29873 6 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1885:199

3、8, including amendment A1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/67, Household textiles, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British St

4、andards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. T

5、his publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible Eu

6、ropean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,

7、pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 15129 22 June 2004 Changes to Clause 1 and addition of Annex BEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

8、EN 1885 April 1998 + A1 December 2003 ICS 01.040.59; 59.040 Descriptors: stuffings, feathers, lining processes, vocabulary. English version Feather and down Terms and definitions (includes amendment A1:2003) Plumes et duvets Termes et dfinitions (inclut lamendement A1:2003) Federn und Daunen Benennu

9、ngen und Definitionen (enthlt nderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 1998; amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 14 November 2003. CENmembers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard

10、the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germ

11、an). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Fi

12、nland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: r

13、ue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1885:1998 + A1:2003 EEN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 222, Feath

14、er and down as filling material for any article, as well as finished articles filled with feather and down, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by

15、 October 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1998. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European standard: Austria, Belgi

16、um, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This document EN 1885:1998/A1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 222, Feath

17、er and down as filling material for any article, as well as finished articles filled with feather and down, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI. This amendment to the European Standard EN 1885:1998 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by

18、 endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgi

19、um, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 3 1 Scope This European Standard defines the principal terms u

20、sed in the field of feather and down. Annex B (informative) gives information on the “Qualitative identification of the elements constituting the plumage of fowl species”. 2 Terms and definitions concerning the structure 2.1 plumage all elements (quill feathers, feathers, down, plumule) of a plumage

21、 from different kinds of waterfowl and landfowl 2.2 quill feather stiff, coarse, wing and tail plumage; it has a longer and stiffer vane (2.11) than a feather (2.3.1) 2.3 feather 2.3.1 feather (general) plumage (2.1) without quill feathers (2.2) 2.3.2 feather (specific) (see Figure 1) horny integume

22、nt of fowls; it has a shorter and softer vane (2.11) than quill feather (2.2) and, unlike plumules (2.16), a well developed quill (2.7) 2.4 neck feather (see Figure 2) smallest feathers from the neck and head area, some with very sharp quill points 2.5 nestling feather (pin feather) (see Figure 6) f

23、eather (2.3.1) not fully developed, having no distinguishable quill (2.7) but with relatively short coarse barbs (2.19) 2.6 flat feather feather (2.3.1) with straight vane (2.11) 2.7 quill (see Figure 1) axial part of quill feather (2.2) and feathers (2.3.1); it is formed by the quill point (2.9) an

24、d the quill shaft (2.8) 2.8 quill shaft (see Figure 1 and Figure 7) part of the quill (2.7) which carries the vane (2.11) 2.9 quill point (see Figure 1 and Figure 7) part of the quill (2.7) inserted in the skin and partially protruding from it 2.10 after shaft (see Figure 8) feather (2.3.1) that bra

25、nches off from the same quill point (2.9) of a normal feather and that is smaller than this one; it is typical of chickens and turkeys 2.11 vane (see Figure 7) the whole of feather barbs (2.19) intimately connected among them by means of barbules (2.21); it branches off from the quill shaft (2.8) NO

26、TE Present in quill feather (2.2) and feathers (2.3.1) but absent in down (2.12). EN 1885:1998 4 BSI 22 June 2004 2.12 down (see Figure 4) plumage forming the undercoating of waterfowl, consisting of clusters of light, fluffy filaments (e.g. down and plumule barbs 2.20) growing from one scantly sket

27、ched down core (2.13) but without any quill shaft (2.8) or vane (2.11) NOTE Conventionally at least two barbs connected at one point are considered as down. 2.13 down core centre growth point in a cluster of down 2.14 nestling down (see Figure 5) down (2.12) not fully developed, with barbules (2.21)

28、 emanating from the basal end covered with a sheath (2.15) and without any quill (2.7) 2.15 sheath (see Figure 5) covering at the basal end of nestling down (2.14) which holds the barbules (2.21) together 2.16 plumule (see Figure 3) downy three-dimensional waterfowl plumage, produced in the early we

29、eks of life, with underdeveloped soft and flaccid quill (2.7) and feather barbs (2.19) indistinguishable from the barbs of down NOTE It is conventionally recorded as down. 2.17 feather fibre feather barb (2.19) detached from the quill shaft (2.8) 2.18 down fibre down barb (2.20) or plumule barb (2.2

30、0) detached respectively from the down core (2.13) or the quill shaft (2.8) 2.19 feather barb (see Figure 7) main structure of the vane (2.11), directly growing from the quill shaft (2.8) and bearing barbules (2.21), with prongs (2.22), thorns (2.23) and clamp teeth (2.24); it normally has no nodes

31、(2.25) 2.20 down barb and plumule barb (see Figure 9) filamentary structure furnished with barbules (2.21) with nodes (2.25), but generally without prongs (2.22), thorns (2.23) and clamp teeth (2.24). The down barb emanates directly from the down core (2.13), while the plumule barb emanates form the

32、 quill shaft (2.8) of the plumule 2.21 barbule (see Figure 9 and Figure 10) branch of the barb (2.19) with either its nodes (2.25) or prongs (2.22) 2.22 prong (see Figure 7 and Figure 10) short spiny outgrowths emanating from barbules (2.21) 2.23 thorn (see Figure 10) little prominence of lower barb

33、ules (2.21) having the same function as prongs (2.22) 2.24 clamp tooth (see Figure 10) little prominence of lower barbules (2.21) EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 5 2.25 node (see Figure 9 and Figure 11) protuberance or swelling appearing on barbules (2.21) 2.26 internode (see Figure 11) distance betwe

34、en the basis of two consecutive nodes (2.25) 3 Terms and definitions according to the type of animal (see Annex A) 3.1 waterfowl feather feather (2.3.1) derived from the plucking of waterfowl, such as ducks and geese, and/or picked in eiderducks nests 3.1.1 goose feather (see Figure 12) feather (2.3

35、.1) derived from the plucking of geese (Anser anser) 3.1.2 duck feather (see Figure 13) feather (2.3.1) derived from the plucking of ducks (Anas anas) 3.1.3 down of eiderduck down (2.12) picked from eiderducks nests (Anas somateria mollissima) 3.2 landfowl feather feather (2.3.1) derived from the pl

36、ucking of landfowl (gallinaceans), includes chicken feathers (3.2.1) and turkey (3.2.2) 3.2.1 chicken feather (see Figure 8) feather derived from the plucking of chickens (Gallus gallus); also feather of all kind of landfowls (3.2) 3.2.2 turkey feather feather (2.3.1) derived from the plucking of tu

37、rkeys (Melagris gallopavo) EN 1885:1998 6 BSI 22 June 2004 4 Other terms and definitions 4.1 raw feather feather (2.3.1) and/or down (2.12) obtained by plucking the animal, wet or dry; with or without dust, possibly disinfected or treated merely for preservation; pretreated feather which has been ri

38、nsed, dried or sorted; feather which has been already used as filling material, not yet reprocessed 4.2 finished feather feather (2.3.1) which has been passed through all the working processes, including washing, drying and all hygienic treatments 4.2.1 new feather feather (2.3.1) not previously use

39、d after plucking as filling material 4.2.2 reprocessed feather feather (2.3.1) which has been previously used as filling material and again subjected to treatment according to 4.2 4.3 milled feather new feather (4.2.1) which has been chopped or curled by means of a mechanical process 4.4 broken feat

40、her feather (2.3.1) whose quill (2.7) is broken NOTE A feather is broken when more than 40 % of the quill is missing. A bare, but complete quill is classified as a broken feather. A feather whose quill has been “fractured not separated” or “snapped” is also classified as a broken feather. 4.5 stripp

41、ed feather group of barbs (2.19) of a feather (2.3.1) stripped from the quill shaft (2.8) but not separated into feather fibres (2.17) 4.6 damaged feather (see Figure 14) feather (2.3.1) with unbroken shaft which while retaining its original form is exhibiting damage to the vane (2.11) due to chemic

42、al and/or biological causes or due to missing barbs (2.19) or missing part of the vane and/or upper quill due to mechanical causes NOTE A feather is damaged when more than 25 % of the feather surface is missing. 4.7 residual matter quill pith, quill fragments, trash or any other foreign matter EN 18

43、85:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 7 Key A Quill point (2.9) B Quill shaft (2.8) C Quill (2.7) D Upper quill (see damaged feather 4.6) Figure 1 Feather (2.3.2) Figure 2 Neck feathers (2.4) EN 1885:1998 8 BSI 22 June 2004 Figure 3 Plumule (2.16) EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 9 Figure 4 Down (2.12) EN 1885:1998

44、 10 BSI 22 June 2004 Key 1 Sheath (2.15) Figure 5 Nestling down (2.14) Figure 6 Nestling feather (2.5) EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 11 Key 1 Prong (2.22) 2 Barbule (2.21) 3 Barb (2.19) 4 Quill shaft (2.8) 5 Quill point (2.9) Figure 7 Feather (2.3.1) with magnification of the vane (2.11) EN 1885:199

45、8 12 BSI 22 June 2004 Figure 8 Chickens feather (3.2.1) with after shaft (2.10) EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 13 Key 1 Nodes (2.25) 2 Barbules (2.21) 3 Barb (2.20) Figure 9 Down barb and plumule barb (2.20) with nodes (2.25) EN 1885:1998 14 BSI 22 June 2004 a) Outer face of the quill b) Sketch of up

46、per barbules with prongs c) Sketch of lower barbules with thorns and clamp teeth Key 1P r o n g s ( 2.22) 2 Barb (2.19) 3 Upper barbules (2.21) 4 Lower barbules (2.21) 5T h o r n s ( 2.23) 6 Clamp teeth (2.24) Figure 10 Feather vane (2.11) with details of upper and lower barbules (2.21) EN 1885:1998

47、 BSI 22 June 2004 15 Key 1 Nodes (2.25) 2 Internodes (2.26) Figure 11 Barbules (2.21) EN 1885:1998 16 BSI 22 June 2004 Figure 12 Goose feather (3.1.1) EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June 2004 17 Figure 13 Duck feather (3.1.2) EN 1885:1998 18 BSI 22 June 2004 Figure 14 Damaged feathers EN 1885:1998 BSI 22 June

48、2004 19 Annex A (informative) Zoological scheme for waterfowl and landfowlEN 1885:1998 20 BSI 22 June 2004 Annex B (informative) Qualitative identification of the elements constituting the plumage of fowl species B.1 General The morphological characteristics of the various types of feathers and down

49、 are at times rather similar and therefore a sufficiently accurate description is not always possible in view of a definite identification. The qualitative analysis is carried out by visual examination as well as with microscopical analysis. B.2 Morphological characteristics allowing to differentiate the elements Down (2.12) three-dimensional clusters of barbs (2.20), directly forthcoming from a scantly sketched core (2.13). The