BS EN 1900-1998 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Non-metallic tableware - Terminology《接触食品的材料和物品 非金属餐具 术语》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1900:1998 The Europ

2、ean Standard EN 1900:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.040.97; 97.040.60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Non-metallic tableware TerminologyBS EN 1900:1998 This British Standard, having been prepar

3、ed under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 30236 9 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This Bri

4、tish Standard is the English language version of EN 1900:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/29, Tableware, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the inte

5、rpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards wh

6、ich implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does

7、not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside

8、 front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any for

9、m and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1900:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1900 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM July 1998 ICS 01.040.97; 67.250; 97.040.60 Descriptors: glassware, tableware, ceramics, earthenware, porcelain, stoneware, plastics, foodcontainer con

10、tact, vocabulary English version Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Non-matallic tableware Terminolgy Mate riaux et ustensiles en contact avec les denre es alimentaires Articles de table non me talliques Terminologie Werkstoffe und Gegensta nde in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln Nichtmetall

11、isches Tafelgeschirr Terminologie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date

12、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the r

13、esponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

14、 Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1900:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194, Utensils in contact with food, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This standard is one of a series of standards for term

15、inology related to utensils in contact with food stuffs. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Januar

16、y 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nor

17、way, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 Annex A (informative) Summary of the characteristics of materials used for articles in contact with foodstuffs (for ceramics: body characterist

18、ics) 6 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 7 Alphabetical index 8Page 3 EN 1900:1998 BSI 1998 1) The other characteristics of this glass and its designation are given in EC Council Directive 69/493/EEC 1. Introduction This European Standard defines terms related to materials for non-metallic tablewar

19、e. The materials comprise three main groups: ceramics; glass and glass ceramics; and plastics. The definitions of articles in contact with foodstuffs are not dealt with as these articles are of quite different nature in the various countries and a harmonization seems to be unnecessary and not feasib

20、le. Enamelled articles are also not included because the main part of these articles is of a metallic nature. The selection of terms for definitions was governed by the needs of customs regulations. The informative annex A contains a table which summarizes some aspects of the classification of the m

21、aterials. The aim is to provide a quick survey on those characteristics which are used to distinguish the various materials. Annex B is an informative annex listing the informative documents. 1 Scope This European Standard defines terms related to certain materials for non-metallic tableware in cont

22、act with foodstuffs. It only includes those articles composed of the following materials: glass, glass ceramics, porcelain, vitreous china/vitrified tableware, stoneware, earthenware, common pottery or plastic. NOTE Main tableware articles in contact with foodstuffs are: plates, soup tureens, salad

23、bowls, vegetable dishes and trays of all kinds, from oven to tableware, coffee-pots, teapots, sugar bowls, milk jugs, beer mugs or tankards, cups, sauce-boats, fruit bowls, butter dishes, cruets, salt cellars, mustard pots, and drinking glasses. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorpor

24、ates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Europea

25、n Standard only when Incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1184:1997, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for translucency of ceramic articles. EN 1217:1997, Materials and articles

26、in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for water absorption of ceramic articles. ISO 62:1980, Plastics Determination of water absorption. 3 Definitions 3.1 glass 3.1.1 glass inorganic non-metallic material produced by the complete fusion of a mixture of raw materials at high temperature into a homo

27、geneous liquid which is then cooled to a rigid condition essentially without crystallization NOTE Different types of glasses are different in composition. In silicate glass the main constituent is silica. 3.1.2 soda-lime-silicate glass glass in which the main constituents are silica, sodium oxide an

28、d calcium oxide 3.1.3 crystal glass 1) silicate glass with an oxide content of 10 % by mass or more of the following: zinc oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide and/or potassium oxide; 2) silicate glass containing barium oxide, lead oxide, and potassium oxide; one of these oxides or the sum of all the oxi

29、des being 10 % by mass or more 1) . 3.1.4 lead crystal glass silicate glass containing 24 % by mass or more of lead oxide 1) 3.1.5 full lead crystal glass silicate glass containing 30 % by mass or more of lead oxide 1) 3.1.6 borosilicate glass thermal shock resistant silicate glass containing usuall

30、y about 10 % by mass of boron oxide 3.2 glass ceramic inorganic non-metallic material, produced by the complete fusion of a mixture of raw materials at high temperature, into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled into a rigid material and heat treated to achieve a certain degree of crystallizati

31、on, mainly submicroscopic small crystallitesPage 4 EN 1900:1998 BSI 1998 3.3 ceramic 3.3.1 ceramic inorganic non-metallic material made by firing a mixture of raw materials at high temperature. The firing temperature is high enough to give the necessary strength to the article, which is already shap

32、ed, but lower than the temperature which is necessary to achieve complete fusion of the mixture 3.3.2 biscuit unglazed first fired ceramic ware 3.3.3 body (fired) ceramic material shaped to constitute the ware, more or less vitrified, which can be, and is generally, coated with a glaze 3.3.4 china;

33、porcelain glazed ceramic material, vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured), translucent and resonant. The water absorption of the body is less than 0,5 % (determined according to method A of EN 1217:1997) china or porcelain body is made generally from kaolin (or other china clays), s

34、ilica, feldspar or feldspathic fluxes and sometimes calcium carbonate or alumina bone china is a particular type of china containing at least 35 % by mass of the fired body, or tricalcium orthophosphate, which can be introduced in the form of bone ash NOTE The definitions of “china or porcelain” giv

35、en here apply only to tableware and do not concern other applications such as technical porcelain. 3.3.5 vitrified tableware; vitreous china glazed ceramic bodies vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured), slightly translucent, made of clays, silica, feldspar and sometimes alumina. The

36、 water absorption of the body is less than 0,5 % (determined according to method A of prEN 1217:1997) NOTE For vitrified tableware or vitreous china that is coloured, of high thickness and/or strengthened by alumina, translucency is not an intrinsic characteristic. 3.3.6 stoneware glazed ceramic mat

37、erial, partially, vitrified, impervious, generally naturally coloured, hard and opaque. Its body is generally made of clays, silica and flux. The water absorption of the body is less than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 1217:1997) 3.3.7 earthenware glazed ceramic material of low vitrific

38、ation, white to cream (or artificially coloured), opaque, with a porous and fine texture. The different elements of the body (grains, pores) are 0,15 mm or less and therefore not visible to the naked eye. Its body is generally made of clays, silica, feldspar or feldspathic fluxes and/or calcium carb

39、onate. The water absorption of the body is greater than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 1217:1997) 3.3.8 common pottery glazed ceramic material, more or less vitrified, opaque, generally naturally coloured, with more or less porous and grained texture, generally made with a mixture of cl

40、ays. Some elements of the body (grains, pores) are larger than 0,15 mm. The water absorption of the body is greater than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 1217:1997) 3.4 plastics organic macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition or any other simila

41、r process from molecules with a lower molecular weight or by chemical alteration of natural macromolecules silcones and other similar macromolecular compounds are also regarded as plastics. Other substances or matter can be added to macromolecular compounds NOTE This definition is taken from EC Coun

42、cil Directive 90/128/EEC 2. 3.5 glaze substance resulting from the melting or sintering of inorganic constituents and designed to form a surface layer which is fused, in one or more coats, and the firing temperature of which is higher than 5008C NOTE Glazes can be opaque or transparent. NOTE A trans

43、parent glaze, vitrified at high temperature at the same time as the final firing of body is called “couverte” in French and “Scharffeuerglasur” in German. A transparent glaze vitrified fired subsequently at a temperature lower than that used for firing the body is called “glaure” in French. 3.5.1 gl

44、azing application of a glaze on to a ceramic body 3.5.2 salt glazing glazing process which consists of throwing a salt (sodium chloride or sodium borate) into the kiln when the firing is approaching the maximum temperature for developing a glaze NOTE This process is used only occasionally.Page 5 EN

45、1900:1998 BSI 1998 3.6 decoration graphic design elements (geometric lines and shaded tones arranged usually with colour or gold or platinum) to embellish an article NOTE Decoration can be applied: a) under the glaze by application to the biscuit or clayware, covered with glaze and then fired; b) on

46、 the glaze, or on the unglazed surface; c) in the glaze by applying the decoration on the glazed area and then firing at a temperature above the softening point of the glaze so that the decoration sinks into the glaze layer. 3.7 properties 3.7.1 water absorption of ceramic quantity of water that can

47、 be absorbed by the body of a ceramic ware. For customs requirements this characteristic is measured in accordance with method A of EN 1217:1997 3.7.2 translucency ability to transmit incident light. For ceramics this property is measured in accordance with method A of EN 1184:1997Page 6 EN 1900:199

48、8 BSI 1998 Table A.1 Material Colour Water absorption Optical properties Visible structure Glass Colourless (or naturally or artificially coloured) None Transparent or translucent or opaque Homogeneous Glass ceramic White, colourless or coloured None Transparent or translucent or opaque Homogeneous

49、China or porcelain White (or artificially coloured)3 % 1) Opaque Heterogeneities3 % 1) Opaque Heterogeneities 0,15 mm Plastic White, slightly yellow or artificially coloured Low or very low 3) Transparent or translucent or opaque Homogeneous 1) Determined according to method A of EN 1217:1997. 2) Determined according to method A of EN 1184:1997. 3) Determined according to ISO 62:1980. Annex A (informative) Summary of the characteristics of materials used for articles in contact with foodstuffs (for ceramics: body characteristics