1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1994-1-1:2004 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 91.080.40 Incorporating corrigendu m April 2009National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1994-1-1:
2、2004, incorporating corrigendum April 2009. It supersedes DD ENV 1994-1-1:1994 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum April 2009 is indicated in the text by . The structural Eurocodes are
3、 divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national
4、standards will be withdrawn at the end of the co-existence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for the national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a co-existence period of a maximum
5、three years. During the co-existence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. At the end of this co-existence period, the conflicting parts of national standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK, the primary corresponding national standards are: BS 5950-3.1:1990 Structur
6、al use of steelwork in building. Design in composite construction. Code of practice for design of simple and continuous composite beams. BS 5950-4:1994 Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of practice for design of composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting. and based on this transition p
7、eriod, these standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced, but at the latest by March 2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/4, Composite structures. A list of organizations r
8、epresented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP
9、). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1994-1-1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due cour
10、se, after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 1994-1-1:2004 This Britis
11、h Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 February 2005 BSI 2009 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 31 October 2009 Implementation of CEN corrigendum April 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 67675 8 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE
12、EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1994-1-1 December 2004 ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 91.080.40 Supersedes ENV 1994-1-1:1992 English version Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings Eurocode 4: Calcul des structures mixtes acier-bton - Partie 1-1:
13、 Rgles gnrales et rgles our les btiments Eurocode 4: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Anwendungsregeln fr den Hochbau This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 May 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CE
14、N/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to
15、 any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions
16、. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
17、nd and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN
18、 1994-1-1:2004: E Incorporatingcorrigendum April 2009 2 Contents Page Foreword 8 Section 1 General. 12 1.1 Scope 12 1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 4 12 1.1.2 Scope of Part 1.1 of Eurocode 4 12 1.2 Normative references 13 1.2.1 General reference standards. 13 1.2.2 Other reference standards. 13 1.3 Assumpti
19、ons. 14 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 14 1.5 Definitions 14 1.5.1 General 14 1.5.2 Additional terms and definitions used in this Standard. 14 1.6 Symbols. 15 Section 2 Basis of design. 22 2.1 Requirements 22 2.2 Principles of limit state design 23 2.3 Basic variables. 23 2
20、.3.1 Actions and environmental influences. 23 2.3.2 Material and product properties 23 2.3.3 Classification of actions 23 2.4 Verification by the partial factor method. 23 2.4.1 Design values 23 2.4.1.1 Design values of actions 23 2.4.1.2 Design values of material or product properties 23 2.4.1.3 De
21、sign values of geometrical data. 24 2.4.1.4 Design resistances . 24 2.4.2 Combination of actions 24 2.4.3 Verification of static equilibrium (EQU) 24 Section 3 Materials. 24 3.1 Concrete. 24 3.2 Reinforcing steel 25 3.3 Structural steel 25 3.4 Connecting devices. 25 3.4.1 General. 25 3.4.2 Headed st
22、ud shear connectors. 25 3.5 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings. 25 Section 4 Durability. 25 4.1 General. 25 4.2 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings 26 BS EN 1994-1-1:2004 EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) 3 Section 5 Structural analysis. 26 5.1 Structural modelling for
23、analysis 26 5.1.1 Structural modelling and basic assumptions 26 5.1.2 Joint modelling 26 5.1.3 Ground-structure interaction 26 5.2 Structural stability. 27 5.2.1 Effects of deformed geometry of the structure 27 5.2.2 Methods of analysis for buildings 27 5.3 Imperfections. 28 5.3.1 Basis 28 5.3.2 Imp
24、erfections in buildings 28 5.3.2.1 General. 28 5.3.2.2 Global imperfections 29 5.3.2.3 Member imperfections. 29 5.4 Calculation of action effects 29 5.4.1 Methods of global analysis 29 5.4.1.1 General 29 5.4.1.2 Effective width of flanges for shear lag 29 5.4.2 Linear elastic analysis 30 5.4.2.1 Gen
25、eral. 30 5.4.2.2 Creep and shrinkage 31 5.4.2.3 Effects of cracking of concrete. 32 5.4.2.4 Stages and sequence of construction 33 5.4.2.5 Temperature effects 33 5.4.2.6 Pre-stressing by controlled imposed deformations 33 5.4.3 Non-linear global analysis. 33 5.4.4 Linear elastic analysis with limite
26、d redistribution for buildings. 34 5.4.5 Rigid plastic global analysis for buildings 35 5.5 Classification of cross-sections 36 5.5.1 General 36 5.5.2 Classification of composite sections without concrete encasement 37 5.5.3 Classification of composite sections for buildings with concrete encasement
27、. 37 Section 6 Ultimate limit states 38 6.1 Beams. 38 6.1.1 Beams for buildings. 38 6.1.2 Effective width for verification of cross-sections 40 6.2 Resistances of cross-sections of beams40 6.2.1 Bending resistance. 40 6.2.1.1 General 40 6.2.1.2 Plastic resistance moment M pl,Rdof a composite cross-s
28、ection. 40 6.2.1.3 Plastic resistance moment of sections with partial shear connection in buildings 42 6.2.1.4 Non-linear resistance to bending. 43 6.2.1.5 Elastic resistance to bending 44 6.2.2 Resistance to vertical shear. 45 6.2.2.1 Scope. 45 6.2.2.2 Plastic resistance to vertical shear. 45 BS EN
29、 1994-1-1:2004 EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) 4 6.2.2.3 Shear buckling resistance 45 6.2.2.4 Bending and vertical shear. 45 6.3 Resistance of cross-sections of beams for buildings with partial encasement. 46 6.3.1 Scope46 6.3.2 Bending resistance 46 6.3.3 Resistance to vertical shear 47 6.3.4 Bending and vert
30、ical shear 48 6.4 Lateral-torsional buckling of composite beams 48 6.4.1 General. 48 6.4.2 Verification of lateral-torsional buckling of continuous composite beams with cross-sections in Class 1, 2 and 3 for buildings 49 6.4.3 Simplified verification for buildings without direct calculation 51 6.5 T
31、ransverse forces on webs 52 6.5.1 General 52 6.5.2 Flange-induced buckling of webs 52 6.6 Shear connection 52 6.6.1 General 52 6.6.1.1 Basis of design 52 6.6.1.2 Limitation on the use of partial shear connection in beams for buildings 53 6.6.1.3 Spacing of shear connectors in beams for buildings 54
32、6.6.2 Longitudinal shear force in beams for buildings55 6.6.2.1 Beams in which non-linear or elastic theory is used for resistances of one or more cross-sections55 6.6.2.2 Beams in which plastic theory is used for resistance of cross-sections 55 6.6.3 Headed stud connectors in solid slabs and concre
33、te encasement.55 6.6.3.1 Design resistance 55 6.6.3.2 Influence of tension on shear resistance 56 6.6.4 Design resistance of headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting in buildings 56 6.6.4.1 Sheeting with ribs parallel to the supporting beams. 56 6.6.4.2 Sheeting with ribs transverse to the sup
34、porting beams. 57 6.6.4.3 Biaxial loading of shear connectors 58 6.6.5 Detailing of the shear connection and influence of execution 58 6.6.5.1 Resistance to separation 58 6.6.5.2 Cover and concreting for buildings. 58 6.6.5.3 Local reinforcement in the slab 59 6.6.5.4 Haunches other than formed by p
35、rofiled steel sheeting 59 6.6.5.5 Spacing of connectors. 60 6.6.5.6 Dimensions of the steel flange. 60 6.6.5.7 Headed stud connectors 60 6.6.5.8 Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting in buildings 61 6.6.6 Longitudinal shear in concrete slabs 61 6.6.6.1 General. 61 6.6.6.2 Design resistance
36、to longitudinal shear 61 6.6.6.3 Minimum transverse reinforcement. 62 6.6.6.4 Longitudinal shear and transverse reinforcement in beams for buildings. 62 BS EN 1994-1-1:2004 EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) 5 6.7 Composite columns and composite compression members 63 6.7.1 General 63 6.7.2 General method of desi
37、gn . 65 6.7.3 Simplified method of design. 66 6.7.3.1 General and scope 66 6.7.3.2 Resistance of cross-sections 67 6.7.3.3 Effective flexural stiffness, steel contribution ratio and relative slenderness 69 6.7.3.4 Methods of analysis and member imperfections 70 6.7.3.5 Resistance of members in axial
38、 compression 70 6.7.3.6 Resistance of members in combined compression and uniaxial bending. 71 6.7.3.7 Combined compression and biaxial bending. 73 6.7.4 Shear connection and load introduction 74 6.7.4.1 General 74 6.7.4.2 Load introduction 74 6.7.4.3 Longitudinal shear outside the areas of load introduction. 77 6.7.5 Detailing Provisions 76 6.7.5.1 Concrete cover of steel profiles and reinforcement78 6.7.5.2 Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement78 6.8 Fatigue
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