BS EN 1997-2-2007 Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Ground investigation and testing《欧洲法规7 土工设计 土地勘测和测试》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN1997-2:2007Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation andtestingICS 91.010.30; 93.020g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g5

2、3g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Incorporating corrigendum June 2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1997-2:2007, incorporating corrigendum June 2010. It supersedes DD ENV 1997-2:2000 and DD ENV 1997-3:2000 which are withdrawn. It partially supersedes BS 5930:1999 and BS

3、1377-9:1990.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum June 2010 is indicated in the text by .The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, st

4、eel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Euroco

5、des of a package are available.Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a coexistence period of a maximum three years. During the coexistence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national

6、provisions. At the end of this coexistence period, the conflicting parts of national standard(s) will be withdrawn.In the UK, the primary corresponding national standard is: BS 5930:1999, Code of practice for site investigations and based on this transition period, this standard will be withdrawn/re

7、vised on a date to be announced, but at the latest by March 2010. For in-situ testing, the primary test method references in BS EN 1997-2:2007 are to new CEN/ISO standards and this will require the withdrawal of some sections of BS 1377-9:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purpose

8、s In-situ tests, as well as parts of BS 5930:1999 as they are published.For laboratory testing, many of the primary test method references in BS EN 1997-2:2007 are new CEN/ISO technical specifications. These will not be adopted in the UK and the standards below will continue to be the preferred stan

9、dards. BS 1377-1:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes General requirements and sample preparation BS 1377-2:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Classification tests BS EN 1997-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the St

10、andards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2007 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 October 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum June 2010ISBN 978 0 580 71872 4BS EN 1997-2:2007i BS 1377-3:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Chem

11、ical and electro-chemical tests BS 1377-4:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Compaction-related tests BS 1377-5:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Compressibility, permeability and durability tests BS 1377-6:1990, Methods of test for soils for

12、civil engineering purposes Consolidation and permeability tests in hydraulic cells and with pore pressure measurement BS 1377-7:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Shear strength tests (total stress) BS 1377-8:1990, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes

13、Shear strength tests (effective stress)Further guidance will be given in the National Annex to EN 1997-2.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.W

14、here a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a par

15、ticular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1997-2 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place.This publication does not purport t

16、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 1997-2March 2007ICS 91.060.01; 91.120.20 Supersedes ENV 19

17、97-2:1999, ENV 1997-3:1999 English VersionEurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testingEurocode 7 - Calcul gotechnique - Partie 2: Reconnaissance des terrains et essaisEurocode 7 - Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 2: Erkundung und Untersuchung

18、desBaugrundsThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliograph

19、ical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CE

20、N member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It

21、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-10

22、50 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1997-2:2007: EIncorporating corrigendum June 2010Contents Page Foreword 7 Section 1 General 10 1.1 Scope 10 1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 7 . 10 1.1.2 Scope of EN 1997-2 10

23、1.2 Normative references 11 1.3 Assumptions . 12 1.4 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules 12 1.5 Definitions 13 1.5.1 Terms common to all Eurocodes 13 1.5.2 Terms common to Eurocode 7 13 1.5.3 Specific definitions used in EN 1997-2 13 1.6 Test results and derived values. 14 1.7 The l

24、ink between EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2 15 Section 2 Planning of ground investigations 20 2.1 Objectives . 20 2.1.1 General 20 2.1.2 Ground 21 2.1.3 Construction materials 22 2.1.4 Groundwater . 22 2.2 Sequence of ground investigations . 22 2.3 Preliminary investigations 23 2.4 Design investigations 24

25、2.4.1 Field investigations . 24 2.4.2 Laboratory tests. 27 2.5 Controlling and monitoring 31 Section 3 Soil and rock sampling and groundwater measurements 33 3.1 General 33 3.2 Sampling by drilling . 33 3.3 Sampling by excavation 33 3.4 Soil sampling 33 3.4.1 Categories of sampling methods and labor

26、atory quality classes of samples 33 3.4.2 Soil identification 34 3.4.3 Planning of soil sampling 34 3.4.4 Handling, transport and storing of samples 35 3.5 Rock sampling 35 3.5.1 Categories of sampling methods. 35 3.5.2 Rock identification 36 3.5.3 Planning of rock sampling 36 3.5.4 Handling, transp

27、ort and storing of samples 37 3.6 Groundwater measurements in soils and rocks 37 3.6.1 General 37 3.6.2 Planning and execution of the measurements. 37 3.6.3 Evaluation of results of groundwater measurements 38 EN 1997-2:2007 (E)21.8 Symbols and Units . 16 BS EN 1997-2:2007Section 4 Field tests in so

28、il and rock. 40 4.1 General 40 4.2 General requirements 40 4.2.1 Planning a specific test programme 40 4.2.2 Execution 41 4.2.3 Evaluation . 41 4.3 Cone penetration and piezocone penetration tests (CPT, CPTU, CPTM) 42 4.3.1 Objectives . 42 4.3.2 Specific requirements 42 4.3.3 Evaluation of test resu

29、lts. 43 4.3.4 Use of test results and derived values . 43 4.4 Pressuremeter tests (PMT) 45 4.4.1 Objectives . 45 4.4.2 Specific requirements 45 4.4.3 Evaluation of test results. 46 4.4.4 Use of test results and derived values . 47 4.5 Flexible dilatometer test (FDT) 48 4.5.1 Objectives . 48 4.5.2 Sp

30、ecific requirements 48 4.5.3 Evaluation of test results. 48 4.5.4 Use of test results and derived values . 49 4.6 Standard penetration test (SPT) 49 4.6.1 Objectives . 49 4.6.2 Specific requirements 49 4.6.3 Evaluation of test results. 49 4.6.4 Use of test results and derived values . 50 4.7 Dynamic

31、 probing tests (DP) . 51 4.7.1 Objectives . 51 4.7.2 Specific requirements 52 4.7.3 Evaluation of test results. 52 4.7.4 Use of test results and derived values . 52 4.8 Weight sounding test (WST) 53 4.8.1 Objectives . 53 4.8.2 Specific requirements 53 4.8.3 Evaluation of test results. 54 4.8.4 Use o

32、f test results and derived values . 54 4.9 Field vane test (FVT) 55 4.9.1 Objectives . 55 4.9.2 Specific requirements 55 4.9.3 Evaluation of test results. 55 4.9.4 Use of test results and derived values . 55 4.10 Flat dilatometer test (DMT) 56 4.10.1 Objectives . 56 4.10.2 Specific requirements 56 4

33、.10.3 Evaluation of test results. 56 4.10.4 Use of test results and derived values . 57 4.11 Plate loading test (PLT) 57 4.11.1 Objectives . 57 4.11.2 Specific requirements 58 4.11.3 Evaluation of test results. 58 4.11.4 Use of test results and derived values . 58 3EN 1997-2:2007 (E)BS EN 1997-2:200

34、7Section 5 Laboratory tests on soil and rock. 60 5.1 General 60 5.2 General requirements for laboratory tests 60 5.2.1.General requirements 60 5.2.2 Procedures, equipment and presentation. 60 5.2.3 Evaluation of test results. 60 5.3 Preparation of soil specimens for testing 61 5.3.1 Objective . 61 5

35、.3.2 Requirements 61 5.4 Preparation of rock specimens for testing 62 5.4.1 Objective . 62 5.4.2 Requirements 62 5.5 Tests for classification, identification and description of soil 63 5.5.1 General 63 5.5.2 Requirements for all classification tests . 63 5.5.3 Water content determination. 63 5.5.4 B

36、ulk density determination. 64 5.5.5 Particle density determination. 64 5.5.6 Particle size analysis . 64 5.5.7 Consistency limits determination 65 5.5.8 Determination of the density index of granular soil . 66 5.5.9 Soil dispersibility determination . 67 5.5.10 Frost susceptibility 68 5.6 Chemical t

37、esting of soil and groundwater 68 5.6.1 Requirements for all chemical tests 68 5.6.2 Organic content determination 70 5.6.3 Carbonate content determination 71 5.6.4 Sulfate content determination . 71 5.6.5 pH value determination (acidity and alkalinity) . 72 5.6.6 Chloride content determination. 72

38、5.7 Strength index testing of soil 73 5.7.1 Objective . 73 5.7.2 Requirements 73 5.73 Use of test results . 73 5.8 Strength testing of soil 73 5.8.1 Objective and scope 73 5.8.2 General requirements 74 5.8.3 Evaluation and use of test results 75 5.8.4 Unconfined compression test 75 5.8.5 Unconsolida

39、ted, undrained triaxial compression test . 76 5.8.6 Consolidated triaxial compression test . 76 5.8.7 Consolidated direct shear box tests. 77 5.9 Compressibility and deformation testing of soil. 78 5.9.1 General 78 5.9.2 Oedometer compressibility testing . 78 5.9.3 Triaxial deformability testing . 8

40、0 5.10 Compaction testing of soil 81 5.10.1 Scope. 81 5.10.2 Compaction tests. 81 5.10.3 California Bearing ratio (CBR) test 81 EN 1997-2:2007 (E)4BS EN 1997-2:20075.11 Permeability testing of soil. 82 5.11.1 Objective . 82 5.11.2 Requirements 82 5.11.3 Evaluation and use of test results 83 5.12 Tes

41、ts for classification of rocks 84 5.12.1 General 84 5.12.2 Requirements for all classification tests . 84 5.12.3 Rock identification and description 84 5.12.4 Water content determination. 85 5.12.5 Density and porosity determination 86 5.13 Swelling testing of rock material 86 5.13.1 General 86 5.13

42、.2 General requirements 87 5.13.3 Evaluation of test results. 87 5.13.4 Swelling pressure index under zero volume change. 87 5.13.5 Swelling strain index for radially-confined specimens with axial surcharge . 88 5.13.6 Swelling strain developed in unconfined rock specimen 89 5.14 Strength testing of

43、 rock material 89 5.14.1 General 89 5.14.2 Requirements for all strength tests 89 5.14.3 Evaluation of test results. 90 5.14.4 Uniaxial compression and deformability test . 90 5.14.5 Point load test 91 5.14.6 Direct shear test. 92 5.14.7 Brazil test 93 5.14.8 Triaxial compression test 94 Section 6 G

44、round investigation report . 95 6.1 General requirements 95 6.2 Presentation of geotechnical information . 95 6.3 Evaluation of geotechnical information . 96 6.4 Establishment of derived values . 97 Annex A (informative) List of test results of geotechnical test standards 98 Annex B (informative) Pl

45、anning of geotechnical investigations . 101 Annex C (informative) Example of groundwater pressure derivations based on a model and long term measurements 109 Annex D (informative) Cone and piezocone penetration tests 111 Annex E (informative) Pressure meter test 121 Annex F (informative) Standard pe

46、netration test . 125 Annex G (informative) Dynamic probing test 129 Annex H (informative) Weight sounding test 13Annex I (informative) Field vane test. 133 Annex J (informative) Flat dilatometer test Example of correlations between EOEDand DMT results 138 Annex K (informative) Plate loading test 139

47、 Annex L (informative) Detailed information on preparation of soil specimens for testing 143 Annex M (informative) Detailed information on tests for classification, identification and description of soil 150 Annex N (informative) Detailed information on chemical testing of soil. 157 5EN 1997-2:2007

48、(E)2 .BS EN 1997-2:2007Annex O (informative) Detailed information on strength index testing of soil . 162 Annex P (informative) Detailed information on strength testing of soil 163 Annex Q (informative) Detailed information on compressibility testing of soil 165 Annex R (informative) Detailed inform

49、ation on compaction testing of soil 166 Annex S (informative) Detailed information on permeability testing of soil 168 Annex T (informative) Preparation of specimen for testing on rockmaterial. 170 Annex U (informative) Classification testing of rock material . 171 Annex V (informative) Swelling testing of rock material 173 Annex W (informative) Strength testing of rock material . 175 Annex X (informative) Bibliography. 180 EN 1997-2:2007 (E)6BS EN 1997-2:2007Foreword This document (EN 1997-2: 2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CE