1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2597:1998 Carbon fibre reinforced plastics Unidirectional laminates Tensile test perpendicular to the fibre direction The European Standard EN2597:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 49.025.40BSEN2597:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared
2、under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15September1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN0 580 30415 9 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN2597:1998. The UK participation in its prepara
3、tion was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, Aerospace structural reinforced plastics, which has the responsibilityto: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK
4、interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications
5、referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
6、f a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN title page, pages
7、2 to10 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National
8、 foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Text of EN2597 3ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN2597 July 1998 ICS49.025.40 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, reinforced plastics, laminates, carbon fibres, tests, tension tests, designation English version Aerospace series Carbon fib
9、re reinforced plasticsUnidirectional laminates Tensile test perpendicular to the fibre direction Srie arospatiale Plastiques renforcs de fibres de carbone Stratifis unidirectionnelsEssai de traction perpendiculairement la direction des fibres Luft- und Raumfahrt Kohlenstoffaserverstrkte Kunststoffe
10、Unidirektionale Laminate Zugversuch senkrecht zur Faserrichtung This European Standard was approved by CEN on15 May1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard withou
11、t any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language mad
12、e by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
13、Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitat
14、ion in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationalMembers. Ref. No. EN2597:1998 EEN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers(AECMA). After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the r
15、ules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
16、text or by endorsement, at the latest by January1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:
17、Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 4 5 Apparatus 4 6
18、 Specimens 4 7 Procedure 5 8 Expression of results 6 9 Designation 7 10 Test report 8 Annex A (normative) Form, dimensions of specimen, test assembly 9 Figure 1Curvature 5 Figure 2Load/strain recording 6 Figure A.1 Specimen type A 9 Figure A.2 Specimen type B 9 Figure A.3 Position of the specimen in
19、 the jaws 10 Table A.1 10EN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 3 1 Scope This standard specifies the method of determination of the ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus and, if required, the Poissons ratio and elongation at failure in tension of carbon fibre reinforced plastics in the form of unidirectional
20、 laminates. This method is only applicable to specimens the axis of which is perpendicular to the direction of the fibres. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropri
21、ate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publicati
22、on referred to applies. EN2489, Aerospace series Fibre reinforced plastics Determination of the action of test fluids. EN2565, Aerospace series Preparation of carbon fibre reinforced resin panels for test purposes 1) . EN2743, Aerospace series Reinforced plastics Standard procedures for conditioning
23、 prior to testing 1) . EN2744, Aerospace series Non-metallic materials Preferred test temperatures. EN2823, Aerospace series Fibre reinforced plastics Test method for the determination of the effect of exposure to humid atmosphere on physical and mechanical characteristics 1) . 3 Definitions For the
24、 purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 tensile stress tensile load experienced by the specimen at any moment during the test, per initial unit cross sectional area within the free length 3.2 ultimate tensile strength ( T22 ) tensile stress at the moment failure occurs 3.3 st
25、rains ( 11and 22 ) change in the distance between reference points in the specimen free length, produced by a tensile load and expressed with respect to the initial distance between these points 11is the strain measured parallel to the fibre direction 22 is the strain measured perpendicular to the f
26、ibre direction (in the plane of the laminate) 3.4 percentage strain to failure (a 22 ) increase in the distance between reference points in the specimen free length, produced by a tensile load and expressed as a percentage of the initial distance between these points and measured at the moment of fa
27、ilure 3.5 secant modulus between F R /10 and F R /2 (E T22 ) on the strain/stress diagram (stress and strain being parallel to the loading axis) the secant modulus is the slope of the straight line passing through: the point corresponding to a stress calculated from F R /2; the point corresponding t
28、o a stress calculated from F R /10. F Ris the load at failure of the specimen 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standardEN2597:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 3.6 poissons ratio (v 21 ) absolute value of the ratio of the difference in strain 11to the difference in strain 22 , m
29、easured between F R /10 and F R /2 (see Figure 2) 4 Principle The method consists of the measurement of the longitudinal and, if required, the lateral strains in the material, in relation to the load applied, during a tensile test carried out at a constant speed until failure occurs. Two types of sp
30、ecimen (A and B) may be used which give significantly different results as far as mean values and scatter are concerned. It shall be specified on which type of specimen the result was obtained. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Micrometer with6mm diameter flat faces and accurate to 0,01mm. 5.2 Testing machine, accura
31、te to1% in the load range used. 5.3 A means of recording strains, in relation to the load (extensometer or strain gauges), accurate to 1% in the strain range used. The instrument shall not mark the specimen in a way which may cause premature failures. 5.4 If necessary, regulated heated cabinet for t
32、ests at temperatures other than ambient, according toEN2744. 5.5 Thermocouple and recorder for tests at temperatures other than ambient. 6 Specimens The specimens shall be taken from panels prepared according to EN2565. These panels shall have a curvature lower than the following limit: 6.1 Form and
33、 dimensions SeeAnnex A. 6.2 Number Minimum of ten NOTEThis number is necessary due to the high scatter in test results specific to this test. where f is the curvature, in millimetres; k is the reference length, in millimetres. f k - # 0,002 EN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 5 7 Procedure 7.1 Conditioning EN27
34、43 for tests in the initial state; EN2489 for tests after immersion; EN2823 for tests after exposure to humid atmosphere. 7.2 Specimen measurement 7.2.1 Type A specimens Measure the width b to 0,01mm at the free length (seeAnnex A). Make three measurements of the thickness to 0,01mm across the width
35、 of the free length. h is the arithmetic mean of these three measurements. 7.2.2 Type B specimens Measure the width to 0,01mm in the centre of the specimen and at two opposite points located50mm from the centre. b is the arithmetic mean of these three measurements. Measure the thickness to 0,01mm in
36、 the centre of the specimen and at two opposite points on the specimen axis and located50mm from the centre. h is the arithmetic mean of these three measurements. 7.3 Tests 7.3.1 Tests at temperatures other than ambient The period separating the conditioning and start of the test shall conform to th
37、e following conditions: for specimens which have not been aged or subjected to immersion, the exposure time at the test temperature shall be established by preliminary tests; for specimens subjected to immersion, seeEN2489; for humidity aged specimens, see EN2823. Figure 1 CurvatureEN2597:1998 6 BSI
38、 05-1999 7.3.2 General requirements 7.3.2.1 The specimen shall be aligned in the test machine jaws so as to avoid the introduction of any bending loads. 7.3.2.2 The specimens shall be positioned in the jaws according to Figure A.3. 7.3.2.3 The load shall be applied at a constant rate of jaw separati
39、on of0,5mm/min. 7.3.2.4 Record the strain 22and, if necessary, the strain 11using the extensometer or strain gauges as a function of load. 7.3.2.5 Record the load at failure F Rand, if necessary, the strain at failure ( 22 ) R . 8 Expression of results 8.1 Ultimate tensile strength T22(MPa) 8.2 Seca
40、nt modulus E T22(MPa) between F R /10 and F R /2 Determine the strains from the load/strain recording (Figure 2). where: F R is the load at failure, in Newtons; b is the width, in millimetres; h is the thickness, in millimetres. Figure 2 Load/strain recordingEN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 7 8.3 Poissons ra
41、tio v 21 8.4 Percentage strain to failure a 22 a 22= 100( 22 ) R where: 8.5 Validity Failure shall occur within the free length of the specimen. If the specimen breaks under the end tabs and the load continues to rise, ignore this first failure and continue the test until failure occurs within the f
42、ree length. 9 Designation EXAMPLE: where: F R is the load at failure, in Newtons; b is the width, in millimetres; h is the thickness, in millimetres; ( 22 ) A is the strain perpendicular to the fibre direction corresponding to F R /10; ( 22 ) B is the strain perpendicular to the fibre direction corr
43、esponding to F R /2. where: ( 22 ) A is the strain perpendicular to the fibre direction corresponding to F R /10; ( 22 ) B is the strain perpendicular to the fibre direction corresponding to F R /2; ( 11 ) A is the strain parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to F R /10; ( 11 ) B is the stra
44、in parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to F R /2. ( 22 ) R is the strain to failure perpendicular to the fibre direction.EN2597:1998 8 BSI 05-1999 10 Test report It shall include the following: designation (see9); all data ensuring the traceability of the material (trade mark, identificati
45、on marking, date of receipt, batch number, etc.); all information regarding specimen preparation; specimen dimensions; test conditions; exposure time at the test temperature; load/strain recording; ultimate tensile strength ( T22 ) and mode of failure; method of strain measurement (extensometer or s
46、train gauges); secant modulus (E T22 ) between F R /10 and F R /2; Poissons ratio (v 2 ) (if required); percentage strain to failure (a 22 ); individual values, arithmetic mean and standard deviation; any incident which may have affected the results.EN2597:1998 BSI 05-1999 9 Annex A(normative) Form,
47、 dimensions of specimen, test assembly Figure A.1 Specimen type A Figure A.2 Specimen type BEN2597:1998 10 BSI 05-1999 Table A.1 Figure A.3 Position of the specimen in the jaws Dimensions in millimetres Symbol Type A Type B Length L 250 1 250 1 Width b 25 0,5 25 0,5 Thickness a h 2 0,2 2 0,2 Length
48、of end tabs b t 120 60 Free length g 10 1 130 1 Projection of jaws c $ 7 $ 7 Gripped length d 50 1 t a If the ply thickness causes any uncertainty regarding the number of plies necessary to obtain a laminate of the required thickness, this number of plies shall be specified in the material standard.
49、 b Specimens shall be provided with end tabs of glass-epoxy laminate (ply thickness0,2mm to0,3 mm) the reinforcing fibres of which are arranged at 45 to the longitudinal axis. The end tabs shall be bonded using an adhesive compatible with the test conditions, the thermal characteristics of the end tabs and those of the material.blankBS EN 2597:1998 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStan
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