1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 280:2013Mobile elevating workplatforms Designcalculations Stability criteria Construction Safety Examinations and testsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
2、icense from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 280:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 280:2001+A2:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/12/-/1, Lifting Platforms - Mobile
3、 elevating workplatforms.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013.
4、Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 67376 4ICS 53.020.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013.Amendments issued since pub
5、licationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 280 July 2013 ICS 53.020.99 Supersede
6、s EN 280:2001+A2:2009English Version Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests Plates-formes lvatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs de conception - Critres de stabilit - Construction - Scurit - Examens et essais Fahr
7、bare Hubarbeitsbhnen - Berechnung - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit - Prfungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nati
8、onal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ver
9、sion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
10、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom
11、. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 280:2013: ECopyright E
12、uropean Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Li
13、st of hazards 14 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 19 5.1 General . 19 5.2 Structural and stability calculations 19 5.2.1 General . 19 5.2.2 Loads and forces . 19 5.2.3 Determination of loads and forces 19 5.2.4 Stability calculations 21 5.2.5 Structural calculations . 23 5.3 Chassis and stabili
14、sers 37 5.3.1 Chassis . 37 5.3.2 Stabilisers . 41 5.4 Extending structure . 42 5.5 Extending structure drive systems . 46 5.5.1 General . 46 5.5.2 Wire rope drive systems 47 5.5.3 Chain drive systems 49 5.5.4 Lead-screw drive systems . 50 5.5.5 Rack and pinion drive systems . 50 5.6 Work platform .
15、51 5.7 Controls 54 5.8 Electrical equipment 55 5.9 Hydraulic systems 56 5.10 Hydraulic cylinders 58 5.11 Safety devices 62 6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures 64 6.1 Examinations and tests . 64 6.1.1 General . 64 6.1.2 Design check 64 6.1.3 Manufacturing check . 64 6.1.4 Tests
16、. 65 6.2 Type tests of MEWPs . 70 6.3 Tests before placing on the market . 70 7 Information for use . 70 7.1 Instruction handbook . 70 7.2 Marking . 74 Annex A (informative) Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12,5 m/s (Beaufort-Scale) . 76 Annex B (informative) Dynamic factors in stability and
17、 structural calculations 77 B.1 Stability calculations 77 B.2 Structural calculations . 77 Annex C (normative) Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78 C.1 General . 78 C.2 Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78 C.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c) 79 Copyright European Committe
18、e for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 3 C.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys coefficient (h1 h2) 79 C.5 Efficiency o
19、f wire rope drive systems . 82 Annex D (informative) Calculation example - Wire rope drive systems 84 D.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for 5.5.2 (wire rope drive systems) using the load cycle figures in 5.2.5.3 and operating speeds in 5.4.5 . 84 D.2 Calculation of the di
20、ameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys 87 Annex E (informative) Calculation examples - factor “z“, kerb test 90 Annex F (normative) Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems . 92 F.1 General . 92 F.2 Control limitation 92 F.3 Stop . 92 F.4 Serial data communication
21、 92 F.5 Use of more than one operator control station . 93 F.6 Battery-powered operator control stations . 93 F.7 Receiver 93 F.8 Warnings . 93 F.9 Information for use . 93 Annex G (normative) Dimensions of steps and ladders 94 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and t
22、he Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 96 Bibliography 97 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN
23、 280:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and confli
24、cting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This docume
25、nt supersedes EN 280:2001+A2:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
26、part of this document. EN 280:2013 includes the following major changes with respect to EN 280:2001+A2:2009: Entry 1.4: the groups into which MEWPs are divided have been prcised; Subclause 5.3 “Chassis and stabilisers“ has been totally restructured and new requirements have been added; Entry 5.3.1.2
27、: requirements for inclination have been reviewed; Entry 5.3.1.18: requirements for rail mounted MEWPs have been included; Subclause 5.3.2.3: requirements for MEWPs equipped with one or more oscillating axles have been included; Entry 5.4.1.7: variable working envelope by manual selection of more th
28、an one rated load has been prcised; Entry 5.6.1: adjustments of the platform levels have been included; Entry 5.6.3: on work platforms with fixed guard handrails minimum dimensions of openings for the purpose of access to it have been added; Entry 5.6.14: “Anchorage(s) for the connection of a restra
29、int device“ has been added; Entry 5.6.15: requirements with regard to vibrations have been included; Entry 5.6.16: requirements for protection of operators on the platform have been added; Entry 5.6.17: requirements for “Exchangeable work platforms“ have been included; Entry 5.7.9 “Overriding of eme
30、rgency stops respectively safety functions“ has been totally revised; Subclause 5.11: for safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) that perform the relevant safety function the references to categories according to EN 954-1 (see Table 4) have been replaced by references to performance levels
31、 according to EN ISO 13849-1; Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 5 Subclause 6.1.4.2: requirements for platform with extension have bee
32、n added; New Annex F “Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems“ has been added. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croat
33、ia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and th
34、e United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 6 Introduction This standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
35、The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standa
36、rd take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. The object of this European Standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons and objects against the risk of accidents associated wit
37、h the operation of Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs). This European Standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical, mechanical or structural component. The safety requirements of this European Standard have been drawn up on the basis that MEWPs are peri
38、odically maintained according to manufacturers instructions, working conditions, frequency of use and national regulations. It is also assumed that MEWPs are checked for function daily before start of work and are not put into operation unless all required control and safety devices are available an
39、d in working order. If a MEWP is seldom used, the checks may be made before start of work. Furthermore it is assumed that persons on the work platform in case of power supply failure are not incapacitated and can assist in the emergency lowering. As far as possible this European Standard sets out on
40、ly the requirements that materials and equipment need to meet in the interest of safety, and it is assumed that persons operating MEWPs are adequately trained. Where for clarity an example of a safety measure is given in the text, this does not need to be considered as the only possible solution. An
41、y other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an equivalent level of safety is achieved. As no satisfactory explanation could be found for the dynamic factors used for stability calculations in previous national standards, the results of the tests carried out by the former CE
42、N/TC 98/WG 1 to determine a suitable factor and stability calculation method for MEWPs have been adopted. The test method is described in Annex B (informative) as a guide for manufacturers wishing to use higher or lower operating speeds and to take advantage of developments in control systems. Simil
43、arly, to avoid the unexplained inconsistencies in coefficients of utilisation for wire ropes found in other standards for lifting devices, appropriate extracts of the widely accepted standard DIN 15020-1 have been taken into 5.5.2 and Annex C (normative) with a worked example in Annex D (informative
44、). Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 280:2013EN 280:2013 (E) 7 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and
45、 sizes of Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis. NOT
46、E Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable equipment are regarded as MEWPs. 1.2 This European Standard is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are
47、 first put into service. It identifies the hazards arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards. It does not cover the hazards arising from: a) use in potentially explosive atmospheres; b) electromagnetic incompatibility; c) work from the plat
48、form on external live electric systems; d) use of compressed gases for load bearing components; e) getting on and off the work platform at changing levels; f) specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations. 1.3 This European Standard does not apply to: a) machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, EN 12159); b) fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777); c) unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808); d) elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (
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