BS EN 458-2016 Hearing protectors Recommendations for selection use care and maintenance Guidance document《听力保护装置 选择、使用、维护及维修的推荐规程 指导性文件》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 458:2016Hearing protectors Recommendations forselection, use, care andmaintenance GuidancedocumentBS EN 458:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 458:2016. Itsupersedes BS EN 458:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK partic

2、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/7, Hearing protectors.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i

3、ts correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 82040 3ICS 13.340.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and S

4、trategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 458:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 458 March 2016 ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 458:2004English Version Hearing protectors - Recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance

5、- Guidance document Protecteurs individuels contre le bruit - Recommandations relatives la slection, lutilisation, aux prcautions demploi et lentretien - Document guide Gehrschtzer - Empfehlungen fr Auswahl, Einsatz, Pflege und Instandhaltung - Leitfaden This European Standard was approved by CEN on

6、 8 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may

7、be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to

8、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

9、Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management

10、 Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 458:2016 EBS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms

11、 and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9 5 Types of hearing protectors 9 5.1 Design forms . 9 5.1.1 Earmuffs . 9 5.1.2 Helmet mounted earmuffs 10 5.1.3 Earplugs . 10 5.2 Function mode . 10 5.2.1 Basic function mode 10 5.2.2 Level-dependent hearing protectors 11 5.2.3 Active noise reducti

12、on (ANR) protectors 11 5.2.4 Hearing protectors with external audio input 11 6 Selection 12 6.1 Principles 12 6.2 Selection according to sound attenuation . 12 6.2.1 Guide to protection rating . 12 6.2.2 Sound attenuation in practice (Real-world attenuation) 13 6.2.3 Acoustical selection methods 13

13、6.2.4 Selection of combination of earmuffs and earplugs 15 6.3 Selection according to work environment 15 6.3.1 Factors of work environment overview . 15 6.3.2 Acoustical factors . 15 6.3.3 Environmental factors (non-acoustic) . 17 6.4 Communication . 19 6.4.1 Essential work related speech communica

14、tion, especially speech intelligibility 19 6.4.2 Effects of over-protection 19 6.5 Compatibility with other PPE 19 6.6 Selection according to hearing protector types 19 6.6.1 Earmuffs General. 19 6.6.2 Helmet-mounted earmuffs . 19 6.6.3 Earplugs General . 19 6.6.4 Hearing protectors with additional

15、function modes . 20 6.7 Medical disorders. 20 6.8 Ergonomics and fitting . 20 6.9 Conformity with relevant requirements for incorporated electronics 21 6.9.1 Intrinsic safety 21 6.9.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 21 7 Use . 21 7.1 General . 21 7.2 Availability of hearing protectors 21 7.3 C

16、orrect fitting 21 7.3.1 General . 21 BS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 3 7.3.2 Earmuffs . 21 7.3.3 Earplugs . 22 7.3.4 Fit check for hearing protectors 22 7.4 Simultaneous use of hearing protector with other PPE . 22 7.4.1 General . 22 7.4.2 Protective clothing . 22 7.4.3 Spectacles 22 7.4.4 Goggles 22

17、7.4.5 Face shields . 22 7.4.6 Hoods 23 7.4.7 Safety helmets 23 7.4.8 Respiratory protection devices . 23 7.5 Speech intelligibility and signal audibility 23 7.6 Instruction and training . 23 7.6.1 General . 23 7.6.2 Information . 23 7.6.3 Special instructions for use including training 24 7.7 Period

18、 of use . 24 7.8 Leisure activities . 25 8 Care and maintenance 25 8.1 General . 25 8.2 Hygiene and cleaning 25 8.3 Inspection and replacement . 25 8.4 Storage 25 8.5 Disposal 25 Annex A (normative) Methods for assessing the sound attenuation of a passive hearing protector 26 A.1 General . 26 A.2 Oc

19、tave band method 29 A.3 HML method . 30 A.4 HML check method . 32 A.5 SNR method . 33 Annex B (informative) Method for assessing the sound attenuation of a hearing protector for impulsive noise . 34 B.1 General . 34 B.2 Method 34 Annex C (informative) Selection method for sound-restoration level-dep

20、endent hearing protectors using HML-data 36 C.1 General . 36 C.2 Method 1: HML Method . 36 C.3 Method 2A: HML check method - Measurement check . 37 C.4 Method 2B: HML check method - Listening method. 37 Annex D (informative) Selection method for active noise reduction hearing protectors . 38 Annex E

21、 (informative) Calculation method for hearing protectors with audio input 39 E.1 General . 39 BS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 4 E.2 Method . 39 Annex F (informative) Improving field performance and special instructions for use . 41 F.1 Improving field performance 41 F.2 Special instructions for optimu

22、m use . 42 Annex G (informative) Further guidance on fit check methods for earplugs 45 G.1 General information 45 G.2 Fit check methods suitable for all types of earplugs . 45 G.3 Fit check method exclusive to custom moulded earplugs . 46 Annex H (informative) Noise Types 47 BS EN 458:2016EN 458:201

23、6 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 458:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 159 “Hearing protectors”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorseme

24、nt, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for ident

25、ifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 458:2004. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

26、following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan

27、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard is intended to guide employers, supervisors and safety advisors. Additionally, the standard gives information to a

28、ll who need to use hearing protectors. Hearing protectors are items of personal protective equipment (PPE) intended to reduce the harmful effects that sound and noise may have on the hearing. Guidance is provided on how to best select, use and take care of such devices. Tools to estimate the noise e

29、xposure level, when a certain hearing protector is used, are also provided. National bodies may develop national application documents based on this standard. Hearing protectors are generally available in two main forms: earmuffs and earplugs. Both forms are available with additional features and fu

30、nctions. All have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of attenuation, comfort, ease of use, communication facilities and cost. In hearing conservation programmes noise hazard areas are identified and the personal noise exposure is assessed. Before a suitable hearing protector is considered,

31、priority should be given to reducing noise at source and/or reducing the exposure time. If the use of a hearing protector is found necessary or advisable, choosing optimum devices is a complex task. The most important concern is for the protector to provide sufficient attenuation. It is often desira

32、ble to retain the ability to hear speech and warning signals. To achieve this, the hearing protector should not overprotect. In particular, this needs attention at moderate noise levels. Hearing protectors are supplied with attenuation data in various formats. The attenuation is expressed in decibel

33、s and has been derived from laboratory tests. It is important to note that these data have been achieved under controlled laboratory conditions using trained test subjects. Under real working conditions, the attenuation achieved by the user may be lower than that generated by the laboratory testing.

34、 The performance of hearing protectors is subject to natural variability amongst users. Correct fitting, training, regular inspection and user motivation are important to obtain the desired protection. Due to the natural variability, it is not possible to calculate the exact attenuation that a certa

35、in hearing protector will give for an individual. If a more accurate prediction is required, some form of individual attenuation check can be made. At high noise level exposures it is advisable to seek expert advice. In some cases dual protection i.e. the use of an earmuff and an earplug combination

36、, may be required. For hearing protectors to be effective they should be used at all times when the user is in a potentially hazardous noise environment. When selecting hearing protectors, attention should be given to factors influencing comfort and user preference. BS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 7 1

37、 Scope This European Standard gives recommendations for the selection, use, care and maintenance of hearing protectors. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, on

38、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 352-1, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 1: Ear-Muffs EN 352-2, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 2: Ear-plugs EN 352-3, Hearing protectors

39、 General requirements Part 3: Ear-muffs attached to an industrial safety helmet EN 352-4, Hearing protectors Safety requirements and testing Part 4: Level-dependent ear-muffs EN 352-5, Hearing protectors Safety requirements and testing Part 5: Active noise reduction ear-muffs EN 352-6, Hearing prote

40、ctors Safety requirements and testing Part 6: Ear-muffs with electrical audio input EN 352-7, Hearing protectors Safety requirements and testing Part 7: Level-dependent ear-plugs EN 352-8, Hearing protectors Safety requirements and testing Part 8: Entertainment audio ear-muffs EN 24869-1, Acoustics

41、Hearing protectors Subjective method for the measurement of sound attenuation (ISO 4869-1) EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1) EN ISO 4869-2, Acoustics Hearing protectors Part 2: Estimation of effective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing pr

42、otectors are worn (ISO 4869-2) EN ISO 7731, Ergonomics Danger signals for public and work areas Auditory danger signals (ISO 7731) EN ISO 9612, Acoustics Determination of occupational noise exposure Engineering method (ISO 9612) EN ISO 9921, Ergonomics Assessment of speech communication (ISO 9921) 3

43、 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 daily noise exposure level (LEX,8h) A-weighted noise exposure level normalized to a nominal 8 h working day BS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 8 3.2 peak sound pressure level (Lp,Cpeak) C-weighted ins

44、tantaneous peak sound pressure level according to EN ISO 9612 3.3 national regulation level (LNR) daily noise exposure level (LEX,8h) effective to the ear according to national regulations Note 1 to entry: National laws or regulations will stipulate at which levels of exposure hearing protectors sha

45、ll be provided or used. 3.4 national peak regulation level (LNR,peak) peak pressure level Lp,Cpeakeffective to the ear according to national regulations Note 1 to entry: National laws or regulations will stipulate at which levels of exposure hearing protectors shall be provided or used. 3.5 effectiv

46、e attenuation measure of protection afforded by the hearing protector for the user 3.6 over-protection selection and use of a hearing protector with too high attenuation which may lead to a sense of isolation and difficulties with perception of sounds 3.7 A-weighted sound pressure level (Lp,A) sound

47、 pressure level with frequency weighting A according to EN 61672-1 3.8 A-weighted sound pressure level effective to the ear (Lp,A) A-weighted diffuse field equivalent sound pressure level under the hearing protector for the external sound pressure level Lp,A3.9 C-weighted sound pressure level (Lp,C)

48、 sound pressure level with frequency weighting C according to EN 61672-1 3.10 A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level effective to the ear (Lp,A,eqT) A-weighted diffuse field equivalent sound pressure level under the hearing protector for the external sound pressure level for time period T Lp,A,e

49、qTNote 1 to entry: For simplicity of notation, the subscript T is omitted throughout the following text. 3.11 effective daily noise exposure level (LEX,8h) A-weighted diffuse field equivalent sound pressure level under the hearing protector for the external noise exposure level LEX,8hBS EN 458:2016EN 458:2016 (E) 9 3.12 peak sound pressure level effective to the ear (Lp,Cpeak) C-weighted peak sound pressure level under the hearing protector for the external sound pressure level Lp,Cpeak3.13 flat frequ