BS EN 960-2006 Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets《防护头盔的测试用头型》.pdf

1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 960:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.340.20Headforms for us

2、e in the testing of protective helmetsBRITISH STANDARDBS EN960:2006BS EN 960:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48908 6Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or Eur

3、opean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include a

4、ll the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 38, a

5、n inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. present to

6、the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language

7、 version of EN 960:2006. It supersedes BS EN 960:1995 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/6, Head protection, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 960June

8、 2006ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 960:1994 English VersionHeadforms for use in the testing of protective helmetsFausses ttes utiliser lors des essais de casques deprotectionPrfkpfe zur Prfung von SchutzhelmenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply wit

9、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat

10、 or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversi

11、ons.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,

12、Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No.

13、 EN 960:2006: EEN 960:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope . 6 2 Terms and definitions 6 3 Requirements 7 3.1 Materials and general characteristics. 7 3.2 Dimensions 8 3.3 Marking . 8 Annex A (normative) Spherical coordinates 11 Annex B (informative) Equations defining the rad

14、ii of the spherical coordinate system for sizes 495 to 645 . 33 Annex C (informative) Tabular history of headform H, 565 mm and dimension y 36 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC . 37 Bibliography. 38 EN 960:200

15、6 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 960:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 158 “Head protection“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the l

16、atest by December 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2006. This document supersedes EN 960:1994. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential

17、requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europea

18、n Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 960:

19、2006 (E) 4 Introduction In preparing this revision of EN 960 it was decided to address several areas of concern, which had arisen during the life of the previous version of this European Standard, namely: dimensional errors are present; several desirable definitions, characteristics and headform mar

20、kings are missing; it is impossible to verify or demonstrate compliance of a headform with the standard because of the absence of tolerances associated with the specified dimensions; the method of dimensioning the headforms, whilst essential to enable manufacture of the original wooden headforms, do

21、es not facilitate a straightforward method of tolerancing these dimensions. It was also acknowledged that headforms are specified, in various helmet standards, for tests where other than a full headform is required. Accordingly, in this revision, “half headforms” and “three-quarter headforms” have b

22、een specified, in addition to “full headforms”. Half headforms are usually rigidly mounted (not falling), so consequently their mass is not important and is, therefore, not specified in this European Standard. Three-quarter headforms are also used rigidly mounted, but are often used in a falling hea

23、dform and helmet assembly arrangement for shock absorption tests, where they are typically supported by means of a ball joint and cantilever. In such cases, the falling mass comprises that of the headform and of the supporting system. Some helmet standards specify total falling mass, whereas some sp

24、ecify only the mass of the headform. For this reason, only the dimensions, not the masses, of the three-quarter headforms are specified in this European Standard. It is to be hoped that in future revisions, mass will also be agreed. The opportunity has been taken to specify more adequately the centr

25、e of gravity and the geometric centre of headforms, including the nomination of which of these characteristics is more appropriate to the different types of headform specified and to whether the headforms are intended to be used rigidly mounted or in guided fall or in free fall. Whilst, in the past,

26、 the nominal sizes of headforms have been specified in multiples of ten millimetres (50, 51, 52 etc.), the actual circumferences are closer to five millimetres greater or less than nominal. In this revision therefore, the size designations have been specified according to the actual nominal circumfe

27、rence, in increments of ten millimetres (505, 515, 525 etc.). Helmets for children have been available for a number of years but headforms to test them are not specified in EN 960:1994. Following searches of the literature it was found that smaller headforms were specified in other publications. How

28、ever, when comparing the dimensions given for these headforms with those specified for the headforms in EN 960, it was quite obvious that these smaller headforms were not specified as comprehensively as those in EN 960. Hence, incorporation of these data would be neither straightforward nor consiste

29、nt. It was decided therefore, to develop, from the existing EN 960 dimensions, the specification for five new, smaller, headforms below size 495. In order to overcome the problems of tolerancing, it was decided to replace the existing dimensioning system with a spherical coordinate system. Namely, u

30、sing point R (the geometric centre) as the datum and then specifying the radius of points on the outer surface of the headform at various angles measured from point R. Appropriate tolerances have then been assigned to the radius and to the angles. As part of the process, linear regression lines thro

31、ugh the existing data sets for head sizes A to Q were established and the spherical coordinates were specified from the equations of these regression lines. The coordinates of the new, smaller heads, sizes 445 to 485, were derived by simple scaling of the corresponding points of head size 495 in pro

32、portion to the respective circumferences. EN 960:2006 (E) 5 Partly because of the impossibility of assigning these smaller heads code letters less than A (the other end of the alphabet was considered and dismissed), it was decided to abandon the code letter system of identification. Further, the con

33、cept of internal circumference of a helmet was removed. Instead, headforms have now been classified only according to a size designation, which corresponds to their circumference. During this revision the opportunity was taken to correct obvious errors present in the existing tables, which evidence

34、themselves on the headforms as spurious bumps and depressions. Also, the data points were smoothed where obvious discontinuities occurred and the protruding chin was removed. Whilst, ideally, the dimensions of headforms already in existence, which satisfy EN 960:1994, should comply with the dimensio

35、ns given in this revision, because of the preceding paragraph, there are a few points which fall outside of the tolerances specified. The spherical coordinates of head sizes 445 to 645 are given in the normative Annex A. The equations, which define the radii of the spherical coordinates in terms of

36、headform circumference and vertical and horizontal angles, are given in the informative Annex B. The first international draft standard for headforms was ISO/R1511:1970, followed many years later by ISO/DIS 6220:1983. Both of these documents were based upon the British Standard, BS 1869:1960, which

37、itself was developed from the first set of test headforms produced by the UK Transport and Road Research Laboratory in the 1950s. The TRRL headforms were designated solely by their size, given in inches. The increment between each size was one eighth of an inch. During the drafting of BS 1869, the c

38、oncept of code letters was introduced, but unfortunately, errors of transposition from the TRRL data were made, which resulted in incorrect dimensions being specified and the inclusion of headform code letter H, circumference 565 mm. This headform was also specified in R1511, but subsequently droppe

39、d from ISO/DIS 6220 and EN 960:1994. The dimensional errors however, were carried forward through R1511, ISO/DIS 6220 and EN 960:1994. A summary of this brief history is tabulated in informative Annex C. EN 960:2006 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the dimensional and constructional de

40、tails of headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 headform three dimensional approximation of part, or all, of the human head, excluding facial features and pinnae. Three

41、 general forms are characterized in this European Standard, viz: full headform - extends from the crown downwards to below the chin and includes part of the neck; three-quarter headform - extends from the crown downwards at the sides and rear to below the level of the basic plane; half headform - ex

42、tends from the crown downwards at the sides and rear to approximately the level of the basic plane 2.2 size designation circumference of a given headform, expressed in mm, as shown in Table 1 2.3 circumference, C for a given headform, the length of its periphery, measured at the level of the referen

43、ce plane 2.4 AA plane for a given headform, the horizontal transverse plane located at a vertical distance 12,7 mm above and parallel to the reference plane NOTE This plane is deemed to correspond to the level of the lower edge of the headband of a helmet. It is the basis upon which the size designa

44、tion of a helmet may be specified. 2.5 reference plane for a given headform, when erect, the horizontal plane located at a vertical distance y measured down the central vertical axis from the centre of the crown NOTE All horizontal datum levels are quoted relative to this plane. 2.6 central vertical

45、 axis vertical axis lying along the intersection of the vertical longitudinal plane and the vertical transverse plane 2.7 crown area on the upper, outer surface of a headform, centred on the central vertical axis 2.8 vertical longitudinal plane for a given headform, the vertical plane of symmetry, p

46、erpendicular to the reference plane and located mid-way between the left hand and right hand extremities of the headform EN 960:2006 (E) 7 NOTE This corresponds to the mid-sagittal plane of the human head. 2.9 vertical transverse plane for a given headform, the vertical plane perpendicular to both t

47、he vertical longitudinal plane and the reference plane and located mid-way between the front and rear extremities of the headform NOTE This corresponds to the coronal plane of the human head. 2.10 basic plane for a given headform, the horizontal plane located at a vertical distance x below and paral

48、lel to the reference plane NOTE This corresponds to the basic plane of the human head being the longitudinal plane which passes through the lower level of the eye orbits and the upper level of the external opening of the ear canals. 2.11 centre of gravity of the three-quarter headform point A for a

49、given headform, the point on the central vertical axis located at a vertical distance 12,7mm above the reference plane 2.12 centre of gravity of the full headform point G for a given headform, the point on the central vertical axis located at a vertical distance z below the reference plane, as given in Table 1 2.13 geometric centre point R for a given headform, the point on the central vertical axis, located at its intersection with the reference plane NOTE This point is the datum for all the dimensions g