1、BRITISH STANDARD BSEN 993-1:1995 BS1902-3.8: 1995 Methods of test for Dense shaped refractory products Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity The European Standard EN 993-1:1995 has the status of a British StandardBSEN 993-1:1995 This British Standard, having been
2、 prepared under the directionof the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 May 1995 BSI02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPM/1 Draft for comment 93
3、/301169 DC ISBN 0 580 23603 X Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institu
4、t belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standard Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Aut
5、hority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Sta
6、ndardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN 993-1:1995 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii For
7、eword 2 Text of EN 993-1 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back coverBSEN 993-1:1995 ii BSI 02-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Product
8、s Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version ofEN993-1:1995, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part1:Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS1902-3.8:1989
9、 which is withdrawn. EN 993-1 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a
10、British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theENtitle page, pages2 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This Standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may h
11、ave had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 993-1 February 1995 ICS 81:080 Descriptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped refractory products, determination, bulk de
12、nsity, porosity English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires faonns denses Partie 1: Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente de la porosit ouverte et de la
13、 porosit totale Prfverfahren fr dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse Teil 1: Bestimmung der Rohdichte, offenen Porositt und Gesamtporositt This European Standard was approved by CEN on1995-02-15. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditio
14、ns for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three off
15、icial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
16、 Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de
17、 Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 993-1:1995 EEN993-1:1995 BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC187, Refractory products and materials, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. It is closely based
18、on the corresponding International Standard, Dense shaped refractory products Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Reproducibility and repeatability data are not available, but may be given in a sub
19、sequent edition. EN 993 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of18 Parts: Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity; Part 2: Determination of true density; Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories; Part 4: Determination of perme
20、ability to gases; Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength; Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature; Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures; Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load; Part 9: Determination of creep in compressi
21、on; Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating; Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV); Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent; Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones; Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross-arr
22、ay); Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel); Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids; Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method); Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method). This European Standard sh
23、all be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are
24、 bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative reference 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Princi
25、ple 3 5 Apparatus and materials 3 6 Number and shape of test pieces 4 7 Procedure 4 8 Expression of results 5 9 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Reference 6 Table 1 Density of water as a function of temperature between15C and30C 5EN993-1:1995 BSI 02-1999 3 1 Scope This Part of EN993 specifies a m
26、ethod for the determination of the bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products. NOTEFor shaped insulating refractory products, the bulk density and true porosity are determined in accordance with EN1094-4. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorp
27、orates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Europ
28、ean Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN993-2Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Determination of true density ISO758Liquid chemical products for industrial use Determinat
29、ion of density at20C 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of EN993, the following definitions apply. 3.1 bulk density ( b ) the ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre 3.2 bulk volume (V
30、 b ) the sum of the volumes of the solid material, the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body NOTEThe roughness of the surface limits the accuracy of definition of the bulk volume and, in consequence, of the bulk density. Also, the concept of bulk density becomes less precise when the volu
31、me of the sample diminishes below certain limits or when its texture (size of pores and grains) is too coarse. 3.3 true density ( t ) the ratio of the mass of the material of a porous body to its true volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre 3.4 true volume the
32、 volume of the solid material in a porous body 3.5 open pores those pores that are penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test described NOTEThese pores are, in principle, all those that are connected with the atmosphere, either directly or via one another. Here also the roughness of the surface
33、imposes a limit to the accuracy of the definition of the volume of the open pores. 3.6 closed pores those pores that are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test described 3.7 apparent porosity ( a ) the ratio of the total volume of the open pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expre
34、ssed as a percentage of the bulk volume 3.8 closed porosity ( f ) the ratio of the total volume of the closed pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed as a percentage of the bulk volume 3.9 true porosity ( t ) the ratio of the total volume of the open and closed pores to the bulk volume
35、of the material, expressed as a percentage NOTEConsequently, the true porosity is the sum of the apparent porosity and the closed porosity. 3.10 dense shaped refractory product a product having a true porosity of less than45%(V/V) 4 Principle 4.1 The following are determined by weighing: the mass of
36、 a dry test piece, then its apparent mass when immersed in a liquid with which it has been impregnated under vacuum, and then its mass in air while still soaked with the liquid. From these values and from the true density of the material, determined by the method specified in EN993-2, its bulk densi
37、ty, apparent porosity and true porosity are determined by calculation. 4.2 The precision of the results does not require any correction to be made for the fact that weighings are carried out in air, not in a vacuum. 5 Apparatus and materials 5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at(110 5)C. 5
38、.2 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,01g.EN993-1:1995 4 BSI 02-1999 5.3 Bridge, to be placed over the load-bearing scale pan of the balance (see7.3), if a two-pan balance is used. 5.4 Evacuating equipment, capable of reducing the pressure to a value no greater than2500Pa and a means of measuring the pr
39、essure used. 5.5 Thermometer, accurate to 1 C. 5.6 Immersion liquid, for materials that do not react with water, the immersion liquid may be cold distilled water. For materials that are sensitive to contact with water, a suitable organic liquid shall be used. NOTEFor example, distilled paraffin may
40、be used for hydratable materials. 5.7 Desiccator. 6 Number and shape of test pieces 6.1 The number of items (for example, bricks, shapes, nozzles) to be tested shall be determined by agreement between the interested parties. 6.2 The number of test pieces to be tested per item shall be agreed between
41、 the parties; it shall be stated in the test report. If the test pieces are cut out of bricks or blocks, the same number shall be cut from each one, in order to facilitate statistical analysis. 6.3 Test pieces shall be cut in the form of prisms or cylinders. The bulk volume of a test piece shall be
42、not less than50cm 3 , and shall be not more than200cm 3 . The ratio of the longest to the shortest dimension of a test piece shall not exceed2:1. NOTEWhere it is not possible to obtain the given size and volume from the item, test pieces of other dimensions and volume may be used by agreements betwe
43、en parties, and are to be reported. 6.4 Any test piece showing cracks shall be eliminated, since these might falsify the determination of the bulk volume. 7 Procedure 7.1 Determination of mass of dry test piece(m 1 ) Dry the test piece at(110 5)C to constant mass, i.e. until two successive weighings
44、 made before and after at least2h in the oven do not differ by more than0,1%. Before each weighing, place the test piece in a desiccator until it has cooled to room temperature. Weigh each test piece to the nearest0,01g. The mass determined is the mass of the dry test piece (m 1 ). 7.2 Soaking of te
45、st piece Carry out a check test to ensure that the apparatus will hold a vacuum. Place the cooled and dried test piece in an airtight vessel. After sealing the vessel, evacuate it until a pressure of not more than2500Pa is attained; maintain this vacuum for at least15min. In order to ensure that all
46、 the air has been removed from the open pores, isolate or disconnect the vessel from the vacuum pump and check that pressure does not rise through any degassing of the test piece. Reconnect the vessel to the vacuum pump and progressively introduce the immersion liquid so that, after3min, the test pi
47、ece is covered by about20mm of liquid. Maintain this reduced pressure for30min, then switch off the pump and open the vessel. Wait a further30min to ensure that the liquid penetrates into all the open pores. NOTECertain fine porosity materials such as refractories containing carbon and some clay pro
48、ducts may require longer periods of evaporation. 7.3 Determination of apparent mass of immersed test piece (m 2 ) Suspend the test piece by a thin thread from the load-pan suspension point of a hydrostatic balance and weigh it while completely immersed in a quantity of the immersion liquid, containe
49、d in a beaker standing on the bridge, if used. In this way, the apparent mass of the immersed test piece is obtained (m 2 ). The weighing shall be made to the nearest0,01g. Determine the temperature of the immersion liquid to an accuracy of 1 C. 7.4 Determination of mass of soaked test piece(m 3 ) Remove the test piece from the liquid and immediately sponge it quickly and carefully with a damp sponge or cloth to remove droplets and the surface film of liquid but without drawing liquid out o
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