1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-9 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 993-9 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 9. Determination of creep in compressionThis British Standard, having been prepared under t
3、he direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 ISBN 0 580 28318 6 BS EN 993-9 : 1997 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This Brit
4、ish Standard is the English language version of EN 993-9 : 1997. It supersedes BS 1902 : Section 4.10 : 1990, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials, to Subcommittee RPI/1/1, Sampling and physical test
5、ing of refractory materials, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments
6、and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue und
7、er the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside
8、front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any for
9、m and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref. No. EN 993-9 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 993-9 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1997 ICS 81.080 Descriptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped refractory products, shaped insulated refractory products,
10、 mechanical tests, compression tests, creep tests English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 9: Determination of creep in compression Me thodes dessai pour produits re fractaires fac onne s denses Partie 9: De termination du fluage a la compression Pru fverfahren fu r
11、dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse Teil 9: Bestimmung des Druckfleiverhaltens This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-04-21. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a natio
12、nal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
13、 other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, German
14、y, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 993-9 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory products and materials, the secretariat of whic
15、h is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1997. Reproducibility and repeatabi
16、lity data are not available at present but may be included in a subsequent edition. EN 993 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of 18 Parts: Part 1 : Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity Part 2 : Determination of true density Part 3 : Test metho
17、ds for carbon-containing refractories Part 4 : Determination of permeability to gases Part 5 : Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6 : Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature Part 7 : Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8 : Determination of r
18、efractoriness-under-load Part 9 : Determination of creep in compression Part 10 : Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11 : Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV) Part 12 : Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent Part 13 : Specification for pyrometric cones
19、 Part 14 : Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross-array) Part 15 : Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel) Part 16 : Determination of resistance to acids Part 17 : Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method) Part 18 : Determination of bulk d
20、ensity of granular material (water method) According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
21、Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Test pieces 4 7 Procedure 4 8 Calculation of results 5 9 Test report 5 Annex A (informative)
22、Measuring device below or above the furnace 10Page 3 EN 993-9 : 1997 BSI 1997 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining creep in compression of dense and insulating shaped refractory products, creep being the deformation of a refractory product subjected to a constant load un
23、der isothermal conditions. NOTE. The apparatus is the same as that used in the determination of refractoriness-under-load (see EN 993-8). 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cite
24、d at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition
25、 of the publication referred to applies. EN 993-8 : Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products: Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load EN 60584-1 : Thermocouples Part 1: References tables EN 6058-2 : Thermocouples Part 2 : Tolerances ISO 3599 : Vernier calipers reading to 0,1 m
26、m and 0,05 mm. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definition applies. creep in compression Isothermal deformation of a compressive stressed product as a function of time. 4 Principle A test piece is submitted to a constant load and then heated under specified con
27、ditions to a given temperature. The deformation of the test piece is recorded and the percentage change evaluated as a function of time. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Loading device 5.1.1 General The loading device shall be capable of applying a load centred on the common axis of the loading column, the test piec
28、e and the supporting column, and directed vertically along this axis at all stages of the test. The loading device consists of the items given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5. A constant compressive load is applied axially to the test piece in a downward direction from above the test piece resting directly or ind
29、irectly on a fixed base. The deformation of the test piece is measured by a device that passes either through the applied load or through an intermediate base. The text and figures 1 and 2 show the measuring device passing through the base but, by interchanging the bored column and refractory plate
30、with the unbored column and plate, the measuring device may pass through the load, as in figure 3. NOTE. Although both arrangements are within the scope of this standard, it is preferable that the measuring device should be positioned below the assembly, as shown in the figures. The reasons for this
31、 are outlined in annex A. 5.1.2 Fixed column, at least 45 mm in overall diameter and with an axial bore (see 5.1.5). 5.1.3 Moving column, at least 45 mm in overall diameter. NOTE. Arrangements can be made for the upper moving column to be fixed to the furnace, and the combination of furnace and colu
32、mn then forms the moveable loading device. 5.1.4 Two discs, 5 mm to 10 mm thick, at least 50,5 mm in diameter and not less than the actual diameter of the test pieces, which shall be of an appropriate refractory material compatible with the material under test. NOTE. For example, high fired mullite
33、or alumina for alumino-silicate products, and magnesia or spinel for basic products. These discs are placed between the test piece and the fixed and moving columns. The disc placed between the test piece and the fixed column shall have a central bore (see 5.1.5). The ends of the fixed and moving col
34、umns shall be plane and perpendicular on their axes; the face of each disc shall be plane and parallel. If chemical reaction is expected between discs and test piece, a platinum or platinum/rhodium foil (0,2 mm thickness) shall be placed between them. 5.1.5 The arrangement of the two columns, the tw
35、o discs, the platinum sheet if used, and the test piece is shown in figure 2, which also shows typical diameters of the bores in the fixed column and the disc between then. 5.1.6 The columns and the discs shall be capable of withstanding the applied load up to the final test temperature without sign
36、ificant deformation. There should be no reaction between the discs and the loading system. NOTE. The material from which the discs are made should be a T 1 value greater than or equal to the temperature of which the test material has a T 5 value (see clause 8), these values being measured in accorda
37、nce with EN 993-8.Page 4 EN 993-9 : 1997 BSI 1997 5.2 Furnace (preferably with a vertical axis), capable of raising the temperature of the test piece to the final test temperature at the specified rate (see 7.3)i na n atmosphere of air. The temperature of the region of the furnace occupied by the te
38、st piece, when at a stable temperature above 500 C, shall be uniform around the test piece (12,5 mm above and below) to within 20 K; this shall be verified by carrying out tests using the thermocouples located at different points on the curved surface of the test piece. During the period of constant
39、 temperature, the fluctuations of temperature indicated by the control thermocouple should not exceed 5 K. NOTE.The furnace design should be such that the whole of the column assembly can be easily reached, either by movement of the supporting column or, if access into the furnace is restricted, by
40、movement of the furnace itself. The assembly should be such that the test piece and loading column stand vertically and co-axially with the support column when unrestrained. 5.3 Measuring device, consisting of the following items: 5.3.1 Outer alumina tube, placed inside the fixed column to abut on t
41、he lower side of the lower disc, and free to move within the fixed column (see 5.3.3). 5.3.2 Inner alumina tube, placed inside the outer alumina tube and passing through the bores in the lower disc and in the test piece to abut on the lower face of the upper disc, and free to move within the outer a
42、lumina tube, the lower disc and the test piece (see 5.3.3). The alumina tubes shall be capable of withstanding the load imposed on them by the measuring instrument at all temperatures up to the final test temperature, without significant distortion. 5.3.3 The arrangements of the two tubes, the two d
43、iscs and test pieces as shown in figure 2, which also indicates typical external and internal diameters of the outer and inner alumina tubes. 5.3.4 Appropriate measuring instrument (for example a dial-gauge or length transducer connected to an automatic recording system), fixed to the end of the out
44、er tube (see 5.3.1) and actuated by the inner tube (see 5.3.2). The sensitivity of the measuring device shall be at least 0,005 mm. 5.4 Temperature-measurement devices 5.4.1 Central thermocouple, passing through the inner alumina tube (see 5.3.2) of the dilatometer, with its junction at the mid-poin
45、t of the test piece, for measuring the temperature of the test piece at its geometric centre. 5.4.2 Control thermocouple, which shall be placed in a sheath and situated outside the test piece (see figure 1), for regulating the rate of rise of temperature. NOTE 1. For certain furnace constructions, i
46、t may be advisable to place the thermocouple nearer to the heating elements. The thermocouples (see 5.4.1 and 5.4.2) shall be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. They shall be in accordance with EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2. The accu
47、racy of the thermocouples shall be checked on a regular basis. NOTE 2. The thermocouple may be connected to a continuous recording device which may form part of a temperature/displacement recording system. In this case calibration of the instrumentation should be carried out regularly. 5.5 Vernier c
48、allipers, to measure to 0,1 mm, in accordance with ISO 3599. 5.6 Levelling plate 6 Test pieces 6.1 The test piece shall be a cylinder 50 mm 0,5 mm in diameter and 50 mm 0,5 mm in height, with a hole from 12 mm to 13 mm in diameter, extending throughout the height of the test piece, bored co-axially
49、with the outer cylindrical surface. NOTE. The axis of the test piece should preferably be in the direction in which the product was pressed, or should be agreed between interested parties. 6.2 The top and bottom faces of the test piece shall be made plane and parallel by sawing (and grinding, if necessary), and shall be perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. All surfaces of the cylinder shall be free from visible defects. Measurements of the height at any two points, using vernier callipers (see 5.5) shall not differ by mor
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