BS EN 12047-1997 Solid fertilizers - Measurement of static angle of repose《固体肥料 静态休止角测量》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12047 : 1997 The Eu

2、ropean Standard EN 12047 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 65.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Solid fertilizers Measurement of static angle of reposeBS EN 12047 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sect

3、or Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CII/37 Announced in BSI Update October 1995 ISBN 0 580 27623 6 Amendment

4、s issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/37, Fertilizers and related chemicals, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Public Ana

5、lysts British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries Chemical Industries Association Consumers Association Fertiliser Manufacturers Association Ltd. Institute of Trading Standards Administration Laboratory of the Government Chemist Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Water Services Asso

6、ciation of England and WalesBS EN 12047 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Specification 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definition 3 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Procedure 3 7 Expression of results 4 8 Precision 4 9 Test r

7、eport 4 Annex ZA (informative) Bibliography 5 Figure 1 Apparatus for the determination of static angle of repose 4ii BSI 1997 BS EN 12047 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CII/37, and is the English language version of EN 12047 : 1996, Solid fert

8、ilizers Measurement of static angle of repose (ISO 8398 : 1989 modified), published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It was derived by CEN from ISO 8398 : 1989, Solid fertilizers Measurement of static angle of repose, published by the International Organization for Standardizatio

9、n (ISO). It supersedes BS 5551 : Part 3 : Section 3.6 : 1989 which is withdrawn. Cross-reference Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS 5497 Precision of test methods ISO 5725 : 1986 Part 1 : 1987 Guide for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test

10、 method by inter-laboratory tests Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN Eu

11、ropean Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 12047 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12047 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM Septembe

12、r 1996 ICS 65.080 Descriptors: Fertilizers, tests, determination, angle of repose English version Solid fertilizers Measurement of static angle of repose (ISO 8398 : 1989 modified) Engrais solides Mesurage de langle de talus de boulement (ISO 8398 : 1989 modifie e) Feste Du ngemittel Bestimmung des

13、statischen Schu ttwinkels (ISO 8398 : 1989 modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-03-21. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a

14、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tr

15、anslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemb

16、ourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 12047 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 134, Fertilizers and soil conditioners, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has b

17、een taken over as a European Standard by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 260, Fertilizers and liming materials, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the late

18、st by March 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1997. In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, I

19、reland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of International Standard ISO 8398 : 1989 was approved by CEN as a European Standard with agreed common modifications as given below. In clause 9, ISO 8398 has bee

20、n replaced by EN 12047. In clause 9, a requirement to include the method of sampling and sample preparation in the test report has been added. A bibliography has been added as informative annex ZA. The common modifications have been inserted in the text of the reference document and indicated by a v

21、ertical line in the margin.Page 3 EN 12047 : 1996 BSI 1997 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the measurement of the static angle of repose of solid fertilizers. The method is applicable to free flowing fertilizers and is suitable for measuring static angles of repose greater

22、 than 20. The method is not suitable for materials which contain a large proportion of particles exceeding 5 mm in diameter. NOTE. The measurement of the static angle of repose is of importance for the calculation of storage capacities. The angle measured according to this method is normally the max

23、imum value resulting in practice. For the determination of the dynamic angle of repose (angle of slide) other methods (e.g. a tilting box method) are available. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Inte

24、rnational Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below.

25、 Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid international standards. ISO 3944 : 1980 Fertilizers Determination of bulk density (loose) ISO 5725 : 1986 Precision of test method Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests. 3

26、 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies: 3.1 static angle of repose The angle at the base of the cone of fertilizer obtained by allowing a sample to fall onto a horizontal base-plate under specified conditions. 4 Principle Measurement of the heig

27、ht and diameter of the base of the cone of fertilizer obtained by allowing a sample to fall through a fixed distance from a defined funnel onto a horizontal base-plate. Calculation of the angle of repose. 5 Apparatus Only the dimensions given in the text are mandatory. The apparatus (see figure 1) s

28、hall be composed of the following parts. 5.1 Funnel, of rigid plastics or stainless steel, having a spout of internal diameter 25 mm and fitted with a slide. NOTE. The funnel illustrated in figure 1 is identical to that specified in ISO 3944. 5.2 Square base-plate, 750 mm3 750 mm, of rigid construct

29、ion, made of metal, plastic or wood. The base-plate shall be plain, undeformable and damp-proof. Its surface shall not be polished but shall be matt; if necessary, this condition can be achieved by fixing a suitable filter paper on the surface of the base-plate. Four straight lines shall be drawn at

30、 angles of 45 to each other, intersecting at the centre of the plate. 5.3 Funnel support, comprising a frame of substantial construction to support the funnel (5.1) so that the axis of the funnel passes through the centre of the base-plate and the tip of the funnel spout is 120 mm above the surface

31、of the base-plate. 6 Procedure 6.1 Test sample Take a test sample of appropriate size. NOTE. Usually 10 kg will be sufficient. 6.2 Determination 6.2.1 Carry out the determination at ambient temperature. 6.2.2 Check that the base-plate (5.2) is level and that the funnel (5.1) is properly located and

32、fixed in the support (5.3). 6.2.3 Pour the test sample (6.1) into the funnel (5.1) with the slide closed. Then open the slide and allow the fertilizer to discharge in a steady stream, taking care not to vibrate the apparatus. If the amount of fertilizer is not sufficient, i.e. if the top of the cone

33、 which is formed on the base-plate does not reach the tip of the funnel spout, pour an additional amount of the test sample into the funnel in a steady stream with the slide still open until the top of the cone reaches the tip of the funnel spout. Mark the circumference of the base of the cone on th

34、e eight radii drawn on the base-plate, ignoring any grains which form only a single layer around the base of the cone. Remove the fertilizer from the base-plate and measure the four marked diameters.Page 4 EN 12047 : 1996 BSI 1997 Figure 1. Apparatus for the determination of static angle of repose 7

35、 Expression of results The angle of repose, a, expressed in degrees, is given by the equation: a = arctan 240 d2 25 or a = arctan 2h d2 d i where: h is the height of the cone, in millimetres; d is the arithmetic mean of the four diameters measured as specified in 6.2.3, in millimetres; d i is the in

36、ternal diameter of the funnel spout, in millimetres. 8 Precision The precision of the method was established by an inter-laboratory test carried out in accordance with ISO 5725. For the obtained repeatability limit and reproducibility limit a probability level of 95 % holds. 8.1 Repeatability The ab

37、solute difference between two single test results, obtained under repeatability conditions, will exceed 1 on average not more than once in 20 cases. | | | Both results should be considered suspect if this limit is exceeded. NOTE. Repeatability conditions: Conditions where mutually independent test r

38、esults are obtained with the same method on identical test material in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment under the same conditions within short intervals of time. 8.2 Reproducibility The absolute difference between two single test results, obtained under reproducibili

39、ty conditions, will exceed 2 on average not more than once in 20 cases. Both results should be considered suspect if this limit is exceeded. NOTE. Reproducibility conditions: Conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test material in different laboratories with dif

40、ferent operators using different equipment under different conditions. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) the reference of the method used, i.e. EN 12047; b) methods of sampling and sample preparation; c) the results and the method of expression used; d) detail

41、s of any unusual features noted during the determination; e) details of any operations not specified in this International Standard, or in the International Standard to which reference is made, or regarded as optional.Page 5 EN 12047 : 1996 BSI 1997 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annex ZA (informative) B

42、ibliography ISO 3963 : 1977 Fertilizers Sampling from a conveyor by stopping the belt ISO 7742 : 1988 Solid fertilizers Reduction of samples ISO 8358 : 1991 Solid fertilizers Preparation of samples for chemical and physical analysis ISO 8633 : 1992 Solid fertilizers Simple sampling method for small

43、lots EN 1482 : 1996 Sampling of solid fertilizers and liming materials6 blank BSI 1997 BS EN 12047 : 1997 List of references See national foreword.BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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