BS EN 12226-2012 Geosynthetics General tests for evaluation following durability testing《土工合成材料 随动耐久性试验评定通用试验》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12226:2012Geosynthetics General tests for evaluation following durability testingBS EN 12226:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implement

2、ation of EN 12226:2012. It supersedes BS EN 12226:2000, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e B / 5 5 3 , G e o t e x t i l e s a n d g e o m e m b r a n e s .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtain

3、ed on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 70559 5 ICS 59.080.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immu

4、nity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 12226:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12226 January 2012

5、 ICS 59.080.70 Supersedes EN 12226:2000English Version Geosynthetics - General tests for evaluation following durability testing Gosynthtiques - Essais gnraux dvaluation aprs essais de durabilit Geokunststoffe - Allgemeine Prfverfahren zur Bewertung nach Bestndigkeitsprfungen This European Standard

6、was approved by CEN on 26 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning suc

7、h national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own

8、 language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy

9、, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,

10、 B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12226:2012: EBS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Principle 44 Specimens 44.1 Number of specimens .44.2

11、 Sampling .54.3 Conditioning and exposure 65 Procedures .75.1 Visual examination 75.2 Microscopic examination 75.3 Tensile properties 75.4 Compression properties .76 Expression of results 76.1 Change in maximum tensile load .76.2 Change in elongation at break (for GBR-B and GBR-P only) 76.3 Change i

12、n compressive strength .87 Test report 8BS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12226:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, ei

13、ther by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or C

14、ENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12226:2000. The main changes compared to the previous edition are: a) the title and scope of the standard was extended from geotextiles and geotextile-related products to geosynthetics; b)

15、 normative references revised; c) new Table 1 “Sampling of specimens for tensile testing of geosynthetics after exposure“ added; d) new subclause 5.4 “Compression properties“ added; e) new subclause 6.3 “Change in compressive strength“ added. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the na

16、tional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland

17、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the change in specific properties of aged geosynthetics. 2 Normative referenc

18、es The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12311-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing

19、Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing Determination of tensile properties EN 29073-3, Textiles Test methods for nonwovens Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation EN ISO 527-3, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-

20、3) EN ISO 527-4, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4) EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 10318, Geosynthetics Terms and definitions (ISO

21、10318) EN ISO 10319, Geosynthetics Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319) EN ISO 13934-1, Textiles Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method (ISO 13934-1) EN ISO 25619-2, Geosynthetics Determination of compression behavio

22、ur Part 2: Determination of short-term compression behaviour (ISO 25619-2) ISO/TS 13434, Geosynthetics Guidelines for the assessment of durability 3 Principle The test specimens are exposed to a durability test for geosynthetics. The exposure is followed by visual and, if required, microscopic inspe

23、ction and by determination of changes in tensile or compressive properties, as appropriate. NOTE For further information on relevant durability tests see ISO/TS 13434. 4 Specimens 4.1 Number of specimens For each durability test the number of test and control specimens shall be a minimum of five, in

24、 both the machine and the cross-direction, unless the nature of the geosynthetic makes this inappropriate. BS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 5 4.2 Sampling Prepare specimens in accordance with EN ISO 9862. An overview of test methods, specimen sizes and test conditions per product type is given in T

25、able 1. For woven and knitted geotextiles (GTX-W and GTX-K), cut pairs of test and control specimens at least 60 mm wide and 300 mm long containing the same yarns or strips in the direction of test, i.e. adjacent along the shorter dimension. Count the number of these yarns or strips within 50 mm in

26、the machine direction and in the cross machine direction. Record the numbers as n1and n2respectively. For woven geotextiles remove threads in approximately equal numbers from each of the long edges of the cut strip until the width of the exposed and control specimens contains a number of threads ide

27、ntical to the corresponding numbers n1and n2. For machine and cross machine direction record separately the tensile strengths of the control specimens as Fciand of the exposed as Fei. If required, record the strains at maximum load as ciand eirespectively, “i“ indicating the number of specimen. For

28、nonwoven geotextiles (GTX-N), cut pairs of test and control specimens at least 50 mm wide and 300 mm long adjacent along the larger dimension. For geogrids (GGR), cut specimens containing one or more complete ribs in width with a minimum of one junction and preferably three junctions in length. Ther

29、e shall be one junction at the centre of the specimen. GGR shall be tested according to EN ISO 10319, modified as necessary for one rib or more in width. For geostrips (GST), cut specimens in full width and at least 300 mm long. For geonets (GNT), geomats (GMA) and geospacers (GSP) cut pairs of test

30、 and control specimens at least 50 mm wide and at least 300 mm long adjacent along the larger dimension. For geocomposites (GCO) consisting of more than one geosynthetic product, the components shall be individually tested for durability. If this is not feasible, a technical justification for an alt

31、ernative testing approach shall be presented and reported. For certain products, e.g. geospacers (GSP), tensile tests are not always applicable. For those products compression tests according to EN ISO 25619-2 shall be performed. A compression test specimen shall contain at least three load bearing

32、elements in machine direction and in cross-machine direction. If this is not feasible, a technical justification for an alternative testing approach shall be presented and reported. For geosynthetic barriers (GBR), components will only be separately tested if so specified in the relevant application

33、 standards. Polymeric and bituminous geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P and GBR-B) shall be sampled as test plates in accordance with the relevant exposure test methods. Clay geosynthetic barriers (GBR-C) shall be sampled as geocomposite products. NOTE 1 GCD (drainage geocomposite) can consist of GTX and

34、GNT or GMA or GSP. NOTE 2 GCR (reinforcement geocomposite) can consist of GTX, GGR or a structure similar to GGR. NOTE 3 Geocells (GCE) or other erosion control products are not included, because the harmonized standards for the application as surface erosion control are not available so far. NOTE 4

35、 The variability in the tensile strength of nonwovens may be reduced if tensile strength is assumed to correlate with the mass of the specimens. The outer 10 % of the roll width together with any areas with visible faults should be discarded. The specimens should then be cut or punched out with equa

36、l dimensions, weighed, and the mean mass (m) and the standard deviation (s) of the mass calculated. All specimens, whose mass miis greater or less than one standard deviation from the mean should be discarded, amounting to about one third of the specimens. From these specimens of mass mi, sets of n

37、specimens can be compiled for each exposure time such that the total mass of each set (mi) fulfils the relation: BS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 6 smnmsmn + iTable 1 Sampling of specimens for tensile testing of geosynthetics after exposure Product type aTest Method Specimen Size (specimen length x

38、 specimen width) Test Conditions (distance between the clamps L; width B of test specimen or test specimen type; test speed or strain rate; elongation measurement technique GTX-N EN 29073-3 300 mm x 50 mm L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GTX-W, GTX-K EN ISO 13934-1 300

39、mm x 60 mm L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GGR following EN ISO 10319 width: 1 rib, length: 300 mm to 500 mm L 200 mm, 20 % L/min, grip separation measurement GST following EN ISO 10319 full width, length: 300 mm L = 200 mm, 20 % L/min, grip separation measurement GNT

40、following EN ISO 13934-1 300 mm x 50 mm L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GMA following EN ISO 13934-1 300 mm x 50 mm L = 200 mm, B =50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GSP following EN ISO 13934-1 300 mm x 50 mm, depending on the studs L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm,

41、100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GCO following EN ISO 13934-1; each component to be tested separately as GTX or GTP 300 mm x 50 mm L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement aGBR-C following EN ISO 13934-1; each component to be tested separately (see GCO) 300 mm x 50 mm L

42、= 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, grip separation measurement GBR-B EN 12311-1 300 mm x 50 mm L = 200 mm, B = 50 mm, 100 mm/min, gauge length L0= 180 mm aGBR-P, homogeneous EN ISO 527-3 test plate (130 mm x 180 mm) Type 5, L = 80 mm, 100 mm/min, gauge length L0= 25 mm aGBR-P, reinforced EN ISO 527-4

43、300 mm x 50 mm Type 2, L = 150 mm, 5 mm/min, gauge length L0= 50 mm aato be measured with extensometer 4.3 Conditioning and exposure Store the control specimens in the dark. Expose the other specimens as described in the relevant durability standard, following the guidelines of ISO/TS 13434. Before

44、testing, both the control and exposed specimens shall be conditioned in the standard atmosphere as defined in the relevant test standards. The specimens can be considered to have been conditioned when the change in mass in successive weightings made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed

45、0,25 % of the mass of the specimen. BS EN 12226:2012EN 12226:2012 (E) 7 Conditioning and testing in standard atmosphere may only be omitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by changes in temperature an

46、d humidity exceeding the limits. Test both control specimens and exposed specimens together one after the other after finalizing of exposure. 5 Procedures 5.1 Visual examination Inspect the exposed specimens with the naked eye and report changes relative to the control specimens, e.g. discoloration.

47、 5.2 Microscopic examination When required, use a microscope with a magnification of approximately 250 or an electronic microscope if necessary and or relevant to give a qualitative prediction of obvious differences between the exposed specimens and the control specimens, e.g. damage to individual f

48、ibres. Report the magnification factor. Specimens for microscopic examination may be taken separately from the specimens for tensile testing. 5.3 Tensile properties Test tensile properties according to Table 1. Tensile properties of GBR-P and GBR-B shall be measured according to the test methods spe

49、cified in the relevant required characteristics standards. 5.4 Compression properties The compression properties of geospacers shall be tested according to EN ISO 25619-2. 6 Expression of results 6.1 Change in maximum tensile load Calculate the mean maximum tensile load of the exposed specimens, Fe, and its standard deviation. Calculate the mean tensile strength of the control specimens, Fc, and its standard deviation. Calculate the percentage retained tensile strength RFto one decimal