1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12228:2013Surfaces for sports areas Determination of joint strengthof synthetic surfacesBS EN 12228:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12228:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 12228:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participat
2、ion in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76834 7ICS 97.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy
4、and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12228:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12228 September 2013 ICS 97.220.10 Supersedes EN 12228:2002English Version Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of joint strength
5、 of synthetic surfaces Sols sportifs - Dtermination de la rsistance des joints Sportbden - Bestimmung der Nahtfestigkeit von Kunststoffbelgen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 July 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the cond
6、itions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exist
7、s in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national stan
8、dards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl
9、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv
10、ed worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12228:2013: EBS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Method 1 Direct tension method . 4 4 Method 2 Peel method . 9 5 Test report 12 BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This docum
11、ent (EN 12228:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Marc
12、h 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig
13、hts. This document supersedes EN 12228:2002. Compared with EN 12228:2002, the text has been clarified and editorial errors have been corrected. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan
14、dard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
15、ain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies two test methods for the determination of joint strength of synthetic sports surfaces including synthetic turf. Method 1 describes a procedure for butt joints and ove
16、rlapped adhesive joints in which a direct force is applied. Method 2 describes a procedure for reinforced butt joints in which a peel force is applied. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its appli
17、cation. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines
18、 Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) 3 Method 1 Direct tension method 3.1 General This method is suitable for testing all types of synthetic sports surfaces that incorporate sewn, chemically welded, hot melt bonded or mechanically bonded butt joints as the ma
19、nner of joining adjacent lengths of synthetic sports surfacing (see Figure 1). Key 1 chemical, hot melt adhesive/mechanical joint (including sewn seams) Figure 1 Butt joint 3.2 Principle An increasing tensile force is applied perpendicular to the joint until it breaks and the maximum force applied i
20、s recorded (see Figure 2). BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 5 Key 1 tensile force Figure 2 Principle of test Direct tension method 3.3 Apparatus 3.3.1 Tensile testing machine, conforming to class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1:2004. 3.3.2 Jaws, which are sufficiently wide to hold the entire width of the test p
21、iece and with appropriate means to avoid slippage or damage. 3.4 Test piece 3.4.1 Stitched or welded joint not incorporating joining tape Cut from a sample of surface five test pieces of minimum length 600 mm and width (100 1) mm with the joint centrally located 200 mm across each test piece (see Fi
22、gure 3). BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 6 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 joint 2 test piece Figure 3 Test piece layout stitched or welded joint For any test piece containing a stitched joint, the stitching shall be tied off at the edge of the joint to prevent running. 3.4.2 Stitched or welded jo
23、ints incorporating jointing tape Cut from a sample of surface five test pieces, the length of which shall be the width of the backing material plus 100 mm each side of the backing material and width (100 1) mm (see Figure 4). 600 + 5 BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres Key
24、1 backing material 2 joint 3 test piece Figure 4 Test piece layout for stitched or welded joint incorporating jointing tape 3.4.3 Overlapped adhesive joints Cut from a sample of surface five test pieces, the length of which shall be the width of the overlapped joint plus 100 mm each side of the join
25、t and width (100 1) mm (see Figures 5 and 6). Key 1 adhesive Figure 5 Overlapped adhesive joint BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 overlapped adhesive joint 2 test piece 3 side elevation Figure 6 Test piece layout Overlapped adhesive joint 3.5 Conditioning and test t
26、emperature Condition the test pieces for a minimum of 3 h at the test temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature shall be (23 2) C. Allow wet test pieces to dry to constant mass before conditioning. Allow frozen test pieces to thaw and dry (as above) before conditioning. 3.6 Proce
27、dure Mount the test piece in the testing machine in axial alignment with the direction of pull. Set the moving jaw in motion at a speed of 100 mm/min and, preferably by means of an automatic recording system, note the force at break or the maximum force exerted. Repeat the test on the remaining test
28、 pieces to obtain five sets of values. If the strength of the joint is greater than the strength of the synthetic sports surface it is joining, report the strength of the synthetic sports surface and state in the test report that the strength of the joint is greater than that of the sports surface.
29、If, in the case of an overlapped adhesive joint, the separation takes place parallel to the glued surfaces, the result shall be calculated as a shear force. BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 9 3.7 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the mean value of the force at break or the maximum for
30、ce exerted for the five tests and express the result in Newtons per 100 mm, rounded to the nearest Newton. For an overlapped adhesive joint where the separation takes place parallel to the glued surfaces, the shear force S, expressed in Newtons per square millimetre, shall be calculated from the fol
31、lowing formula. AFS=where F is the force at break, in Newtons; A is 100 mm the width, in millimetres, of the overlapping joint. 4 Method 2 Peel method 4.1 General This method is suitable for all types of synthetic sports surface that incorporate a reinforced butt joint (see Figure 7). Key 1 backing
32、material, e.g. shock-pad or seaming tape Figure 7 Reinforced butt joint 4.2 Principle A peel force is applied to the joint and the average and maximum peel strength values measured (see Figure 8). BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 10 Key 1 tensile machine grip 2 tensile force 3 peel force 4 backing
33、material 5 surfacing Figure 8 Principle of test Peel method 4.3 Apparatus 4.3.1 Apparatus, as described in 3.3. 4.3.2 Means of initiating the peel, e.g. hot iron or suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. 4.4 Test piece Prepare 10 test pieces from five pieces of surface of minimum length 300 mm an
34、d width (100 2) mm with the joint centrally located along each test piece (see Figure 9). BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 test piece 2 seam 3 surfacing 4 backing material and adhesive strip 5 direction of peel (surfacing pulled to separate from backing material)
35、Figure 9 Test piece layout Peel method, reinforced butt joint Cut each piece of surface along the line of the joint forming two test pieces each measuring a minimum length 150 mm and width (100 1) mm. If possible, when preparing the joint, extend the backing material beyond the synthetic surfacing b
36、y 100 mm to 200 mm to help initiate the peel. 4.5 Conditioning and test temperature Condition the test pieces as described in 3.5. 4.6 Procedure For reinforced butt joints, peel the backing material from the synthetic surface for a distance of approximately 100 mm. If a solvent is used, take care to
37、 ensure that the solvent does not work along the joint and affect the recorded peel strength. If a solvent is used for initial separation remove it by storing the test piece in a ventilated oven at 60 C for 2 h, followed by conditioning as described in 4.5. A minimum recorded sample length of 100 mm
38、 is required for a valid measurement. WARNING All solvents should be handled with extreme care in accordance with manufacturers instructions. Clamp the test piece in the jaws of the testing apparatus. Set the moving jaw in motion at a speed of 100 mm/min, and, preferably by means of an automatic rec
39、ording system, note the forces exerted on the test piece. Stop the test within 10 mm of the separation of the joint. If the force fluctuates by 5 %, record a maximum of 10 peaks and calculate the average peak force. BS EN 12228:2013EN 12228:2013 (E) 12 If the backing material or synthetic surfacing
40、consistently breaks during the test, indicating that the peel strength is higher than that of the material, record the breaking strength of the material, and indicate this in the test report. Report also any other types of failure. Repeat the test on the remaining test pieces. 4.7 Calculation and ex
41、pression of results Calculate the average force between 25 % and 75 % of the peel length recorded during the test, by calculating the mean force of the peaks occurring during this portion of the test, as shown in Figure 10. When more than 10 peaks are recorded during the test, use only the 10 highes
42、t peaks to calculate the average peak force. Key 1 force in N 2 length in mm Figure 10 Calculation of average force Calculate the mean value for each test piece and express this result in Newtons per 100 mm. Calculate the mean of the individual results and express the overall result in Newtons per 1
43、00 mm, rounded to the nearest Newton. 5 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 12228:2013, Method 1 or 2; b) complete identification of the surfacing tested, including type and manufacturers reference; c) description of the j
44、ointing process including the orientation of the seam with respect to the construction of the surface; d) temperature of test and relative humidity, if required; e) mean joint force; f) individual test results if required; g) type of failure for each test piece e.g. failure of stitching, failure at
45、bond, between backing material and test piece, failure due to breaking of backing material. This page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. B
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