BS EN 12457-4-2002 Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l kw.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12457-4:2002 Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction) The European St

2、andard EN 12457-4:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20 BS EN 12457-4:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Polic

3、y and Strategy Committee on 15 October 2002 BSI 15 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40580 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12457-4:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommitte

4、e B/508/3, Characterisation of waste, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may

5、be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users ar

6、e responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and

7、 keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document

8、indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN124574 September2002 ICS13.030.10;13.030.20 Englishversion CharacterisationofwasteLeachingCompliancetestfor leachingofgranularwastematerialsandsludg

9、esPart4:One stagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof10l/kgformaterials withparticlesizebelow10mm(withoutorwithsizereduction) CaractrisationdesdchetsLixiviationEssaide conformitpourlalixiviationdesdchetsfragmentsetdes bouesPartie4:Essaienbcheuniqueavecunrapport liquide/solidede10l/kgetunegranularitinfri

10、eure10 mm(sansouavecrductiondelagranularit) CharakterisierungvonAbfllenAuslaugung bereinstimmungsuntersuchungfrdieAuslaugungvon krnigenAbfllenundSchlmmenTeil4:Einstufiges SchttelverfahrenmiteinemFlssigkeits /Feststoffverhltnisvon10l/kgfrMaterialenmiteiner Korngreunter10mm(ohneodermit Korngrereduzier

11、ung) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon17August2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standard

12、smaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official v

13、ersions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISC

14、HESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN124574:2002EEN124574:2002(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .6 3.1

15、leachingtest . 6 3.2 leachant.6 3.3 eluate.6 3.4 singlebatchleachingtest .6 3.5 serialbatchleachingtest 6 3.6 liquidtosolidratioL/S (abbreviation:L/S) .6 3.7 liquidwaste .6 3.8 sludge6 3.9 monolithicwaste 6 3.10 granularwaste. .6 3.11 drymattercontentratio (abbreviation:DR) .6 3.12 moisturecontentra

16、tio (abbreviationMC) .7 3.13 laboratorysample 7 3.14 testsample .7 3.15 testportion . 7 4 Compliancetest . 7 4.1 Principle7 4.2 Equipmentandreagents .7 4.3 Samplingstrategyandsamplepreparation 8 5 Procedure .10 5.1 Testingconditions .10 5.2 Descriptionoftheprocedure 10 5.3 Furtherpreparationoftheelu

17、ateforanalysis 11 5.4 Blanktestfortheverificationoftheleachingprocedure . .11 6 Calculation12 7 Documentationandtestreport. 12 7.1 Samplepreparation .12 7.2 Productionofeluate 13 7.3 Analyticaldetermination .13 7.4 Calculationsandblanktestinformation . 13 8 Performancecharacteristics. 14 8.1 Objecti

18、veofthevalidation . .14 8.2 Validationstudy .14 8.3 Validationresults .15 8.4 Summaryoftheperformancecharacteristicsevaluation . 17 AnnexA (informative) Informationontheinfluenceonthetestresultsoftheparametersthataffect leaching.19 AnnexB (informative) Testfordeterminingwhetherwasteisintheliquidstat

19、e.21 AnnexC (informative) ExampleofdatasheetforEN124574 .22 AnnexD (informative) ProcessmapforEN12457423 AnnexE (informative) Exampleofaspecificliquidsolidseparationprocedureforsoilsample.25 AnnexZA Informative NationaldeviationAfromFrance.26 Bibliography 27EN124574:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(E

20、N124574:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC292,“Characterisationof waste“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyNEN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdra

21、wnatthelatestby June2003. ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s). ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisdocument. AccordingtotheCEN/CENE

22、LECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom

23、. ThisdocumenthasbeendevelopedprimarilytosupporttherequirementsforcompliancetestingwithintheEUand EFTAcountries. Thisdocumentwaselaboratedonthebasisof: DIN38414S4:1984 AFNORX31210:1992 NEN7343:1992 NORMS2072:1990 NoexistingEuropeanStandardissupersededbythepublicationofthisEuropeanStandard. AnnexesA,

24、B,C,D,EandZAareinformative. ThisdocumentincludesaBibliography.EN124574:2002(E) 4 Introduction InthedifferentEuropeancountries,testshavebeendevelopedtocharacteriseandassesstheconstituentswhich canbeleachedfromwastematerials.Thereleaseofsolubleconstituentsuponcontactwithwaterisregardedasa mainmechanis

25、mofreleasewhichresultsinapotentialrisktotheenvironmentduringthereuseordisposalof wastematerials.Theintentofthesetestsistoidentifytheleachingpropertiesofwastematerials.Thecomplexityof theleachingprocessmakessimplificationsnecessary. Notalloftherelevantaspectsofleachingbehaviourcanbeaddressedinonestan

26、dard.Teststocharacterise wastematerialsandtheirbehaviourcangenerallybedividedintothreecategories: (1) “BasicCharacterisation“testsareusedtoobtaininformationontheshortandlongtermleaching behaviourandcharacteristicspropertiesofwastematerials.Liquid/solid(L/S)ratios,leachantcomposition, factorscontroll

27、ingleachabilitysuchaspH,redoxpotential,complexingcapacityandphysicalparametersare addressedinthesetests; (2) “Compliance“testsareusedtodeterminewhetherthewastecomplieswithspecificreferencevalues.The testsfocusonkeyvariablesandleachingbehaviouridentifiedbybasiccharacterisationtests; (3) “Onsiteverifi

28、cation“testsareusedasarapidchecktoconfirmthatthewasteisthesameasthatwhich hasbeensubjectedtothecompliancetest(s). TheproceduresdescribedinthisEuropeanStandardfallincategory2:compliancetests. ThefourproceduresdescribedinthefourfollowingEuropeanStandardsarebasedondifferentliquidtosolid(L/S) ratiosandd

29、ifferentparticlesizesbecausetheseparameters,amongothers,playanimportantroleintheleaching process: EN124571, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof2l/kgformaterialswithhighsolidcontentandwith particlesizebelow4mm(withoutorwithsizereduction). EN124572, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof10l/kgf

30、ormaterialswithparticlesizebelow4mm (withoutorwithsizereduction). EN124573, Twostagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof2l/kgand8l/kgformaterialswithhighsolidcontent andwithparticlesizebelow4mm(withoutorwithsizereduction). EN124574, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof10l/kgformaterialswithparticles

31、izebelow10mm (withoutorwithsizereduction). Eachpartspecifiesadistinctprocedure.Thespecificfeaturesofeachpartaredescribedinthescopeandprinciple ofeachpart.Forgivenwastestheresultscanbedifferentforthedifferentprocedures.Therearesixannexesto thisEuropeanStandardgivingusefulinformationontheselectionofth

32、eappropriateprocedure,reference documentsandguidanceonthelimitationsoftheseprocedures. Thechoiceoftheproceduredependsonthedegreeandtypeofinformationrequiredforcompliancetesting.This choicehastobemadebytheorganisationestablishingthecompliancerequirements. ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesacompliancetest.

33、Forbasiccharacterisation,amethodologyforthe determinationoftheleachingbehaviourofwastehasbeendevelopedwithinTC292andformulatedinENV12920.EN124574:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThispartoffourEuropeanStandardsspecifiesacompliancetestprovidinginformationonleachingofgranular wastesandsludgesundertheexperimentalcondi

34、tionsspecifiedhereafter,andparticularlyaliquidtosolidratio of10l/kgdrymatter.Itappliestowastewhichhasaparticlesizebelow10mmwithoutorwithsizereduction(as specifiedin4.3.2) NOTE Insomecases,itcouldbeusefultotestthematerialwithcoarserparticlesupto40mmindiameter.Thisrequiresa largeramountformaterialandl

35、iquid.Inthisparticularcase,particlesizedistributionrelateddifferencesinleachingmay be morepronouncedthaninthestandardprocedure. ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeendevelopedtoinvestigatemainlyinorganicconstituentsfromwastes.Itdoesnot takeintoaccounttheparticularcharacteristicsofnonpolarorganicconstituentsnor

36、theconsequencesof microbiologicalprocessesinorganicdegradablewastes. ThetestprocedurespecifiedinthisEuropeanStandardproducesaneluatewhichshallsubsequentlybe characterisedphysicallyandchemicallyaccordingtoappropriatestandardmethods. NOTE1 Thisprocedurecannotbeapplicabletomaterialswithawatercontentors

37、uchawateraffinitythatagoodmixingof thesolidwiththepredeterminedquantityofliquidisnotachievable. NOTE2 Thisprocedurecannotbeapplicabletomaterialsreactingwiththeleachant,leading,forexample,toexcessivegas emission,asolidifyingeffectoranexcessiveheatrelease. NOTE3 Bycrushingthematerial,newsurfacesareexp

38、osedwhichmayleadtoachangeinleachingproperties. Thistestcannotbeusedalonetodeterminetheleachingbehaviourofawaste,asspecifiedinENV12920. ThisEuropeanStandarddoesnotaddressissuesrelatedtohealthandsafety. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromother

39、publications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatestediti

40、onofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV12506, CharacterizationofwasteAnalysisofeluatesDeterminationofpH,As,Cd,CrVl,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cl, NO 2 ,SO 4 2 . ENV13370, CharacterizationofwasteAnalysisofeluatesDeterminationofAmmoniumN,AOX,conductivity, Hg,phenolindex,TOC,CN easilyliberatabl

41、e,F . EN12880, CharacterisationofsludgesDeterminationofdryresidueandwatercontent. ENISO3696, WaterforanalyticallaboratoryuseSpecificationandtestmethods(ISO3696:1987) . ENISO56673, WaterQualitySamplingPart3:Guidanceonthepreservationandhandlingofsamples(ISO 56673:1994). ISO57255:1998, Accuracy(truenes

42、sandprecision)ofmeasurementmethodsandresultsPart5:Alternative methodsforthedeterminationoftheprecisionofastandardmeasurementmethod. ISO11465, SoilQualityDeterminationofdrymatterandwatercontentonamassbasisGravimetricmethod .EN124574:2002(E) 6 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard

43、,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 leachingtest testduringwhichamaterialisputintocontactwithaleachantandsomeconstituentsofthematerialareextracted 3.2 leachant liquidusedinaleachingtest NOTE ForthepurposeofthisEuropeanStandardtheleachantiswaterasspecifiedin4.2.15 3.3 eluate solutionrecoveredfromaleachingtest 3.4 singlebatchleachingtest leachingtestinwhichafixedamountofmaterialisleachedinonestepwithafixedamountofleachant 3.5 serialbatchleachingtest leachingtestfortwoormoresubsequentextractionsofthesameportionofmaterialwithafr