1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12562:1999 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 12562:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.080.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Textiles Para-aramid multifilament yarns Test methodsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Mater
3、ials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1999 BSI 12-1999 ISBN 0 580 35357 5 BS EN 12562:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the English language versio
4、n of EN 12562:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposal
5、s for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement internati
6、onal or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include
7、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ti
8、tle page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Bru
9、ssels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12562:1999 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12562 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM July 1999 ICS 55.080.20 English version Textiles Para-aramid multifilament yarns Test methods Te
10、xtiles Fils multifilaments para-aramides Me thodes dessai Textilien Para-Aramid Filament-Garne Pru fverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 August 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europea
11、n Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, F
12、rench, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
13、Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 12562:1999 BSI 12-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248, Textiles and textile prod
14、ucts, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2000. Ac
15、cording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portu
16、gal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 EN 12562:1999 BSI 12-1999 Introduction The generic term aramid fibre is defined in ISO 2076:1989. From the group of aramid fibres, para-aramid filament yarns are used for high performance products mostly for industrial and technical texti
17、le applications. Test methods for para-aramid filament yarns for fibre reinforcement of plastics are published by CEN/TC 249. 1 Scope This standard specifies test methods applicable for para-aramid filament yarns designed for high performance applications. It applies to para-aramid filament yarns fo
18、r cables, ropes, belts, braids, and fabrics as used for sports, protective and industrial-textile applications, reinforced rubber goods, tires, etc. It is not applicable for para-aramid filament yarns for fibre reinforced composites. This standard refers to European Standards, but specifies test req
19、uirements in addition where needed. The test methods apply to filament yarns and plied or cabled yarns (cords) twisted from such yarns. This standard includes the following test methods: determination of linear density (see 7.2); determination of breaking force, elongation at break, modulus, and for
20、ce at specified elongation (see 7.3); determination of twist (see 7.4). 2 Normative references This European Standard incoprorates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are li
21、sted hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN ISO 291:1997, Plastics
22、Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. (ISO 291:1997) EN 20139:1992, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. (ISO 139:1973) EN ISO 2060:1995, Textiles Yarn from packages Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method. (ISO 2060:1994) EN ISO
23、 2061:1995, Textiles Determination of twist in yarns Direct counting method. (ISO 2061:1995) EN ISO 2062:1995, Textiles Yarn from packages Determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break. (ISO 2062:1993) EN ISO 2231:1995, Rubber- or plastics coated fabrics Standard atmospheres for
24、 conditioning and testing. (ISO 2231:1989) ISO 471:1995, Rubber Temperatures, humidities and times for conditioning and testing. ISO 2076:1989, Textiles Man-made fibres Generic names. ISO 10012-1:1992, Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment Part 1: Metrological confirmation system fo
25、r measuring equipment. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 cabled yarn; cord yarn with two or more yarns, of which at least one is a folded yarn, combined by one or more twisting operations NOTE For certain industrial uses, the term “cord” is used for
26、 folded or cabled yarns. 3.2 clamps parts of a testing device used to grip the test specimen by means of suitable jaws 3.3 commercial moisture regain arbitrary value formally adopted as the moisture regain to be used with the oven-dry mass when calculating linear density 3.4 elongation ratio of exte
27、nsion of a test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.5 elongation at break elongation of a test specimen at the breaking force 3.6 extension increase in length of a test specimen produced by a tensile force, expressed in units of length 3.7 filament fibre of very great length,
28、 considered as continuousPage 4 EN 12562:1999 BSI 12-1999 3.8 filament yarn yarn composed of one or more filaments, that run essentially the whole length of the yarn NOTE 1 Yarns of one or more filaments are referred to as monofilament or multifilament respectively. NOTE 2 Filament yarns can have th
29、e following morphologies: flat, interlaced, twisted, twistless, textured, or combinations of these. 3.9 folded yarn yarn in which two or more single yarns are combined by a single twisting operation 3.10 breaking force maximum force applied to a test specimen during a tensile test carried to rupture
30、 3.11 force at specified elongation tensile force associated with a specified elongation on the forceelongation curve 3.12 gauge length distance between the two effective clamping points of a testing device NOTE The effective clamping points of jaws can be checked by clamping a test specimen under t
31、he defined pretension with carbon copy paper to produce a gripping pattern on the test specimen and/or faces. 3.13 initial length length of a test specimen under specified pretension at the beginning of a test NOTE For a tensile test the initial length is measured between the two effective clamping
32、points (see 3.12). 3.14 jaws elements of a clamp which grip the test specimen without damaging it and prevent slippage during the test 3.15 modulus property of a material representative of its resistance to deformation. In tensile testing the modulus is expressed as the ratio of tenacity to strain 3
33、.16 chord modulus in a tenacityelongation curve, the ratio of the change in tenacity to the change in elongation divided by 100 between two specified points on the curve 3.17 oven-dry mass constant mass of a specimen obtained by drying in an oven under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidi
34、ty 3.18 pretension tension applied to a test specimen at the beginning of certain tests NOTE Pretension is used to establish a stable length condition. 3.19 tenacity force divided by linear density 3.20 tenacity at break breaking force divided by the linear density of the unstrained material 4 Princ
35、iple The principles of the test methods used in this standard are stated in the appropriate sections of the reference standards specified for each test method. 5 Sampling Select either samples in accordance with the procedure laid down in the material specification, or as agreed between the interest
36、ed parties. Avoid samples which show any signs of damage or accidental dampness incurred in the course of transportation. 6 Atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN 20139:1992. Since related in
37、dustries use these materials, other atmospheric conditions can be applied if agreed by the interested parties. NOTE Atmospheric conditions: Humidity in % Temperature in8C according to EN 20139:1992 for textiles 65 22 0 2 according to EN ISO 291:1997 for plastics 50 52 3 2 according to ISO 471:1995 f
38、or rubber 50 52 3 2 according to EN ISO 2231:1995 for 50 52 3 2o r coated fabrics 65 52 0 2 tires 55 22 4 2 The atmospheric conditions used shall be stated in the test report. Preconditioning of the laboratory sample for 3 h at 508C is essential, followed by conditioning for at least 14 h in the tes
39、ting atmosphere. Para-aramid yarns are sensitive to UV exposure. Store in the dark, except during testing.Page 5 EN 12562:1999 BSI 12-1999 7 Test methods 7.1 General The confirmation system for the measuring equipment shall comply with ISO 10012-1:1992. Use atmospheric conditions according to clause
40、 6. 7.2 Determination of the linear density Determine the linear density of the filament yarns or cord in accordance with EN ISO 2060:1995. For the purposes of this standard use the following test conditions. From the various options specified in clause 4 of EN ISO 2060:1995 for the determination of
41、 the linear density use one of the two following options as mutually agreed: option 1: the mass of the conditioned yarn in equilibrium with the atmosphere for testing or use; option 6: the mass of the scoured oven-dry yarn, plus the commercial moisture regain. For commercial moisture regain use a va
42、lue as agreed by the parties interested in the test results. If no value can be specified use 4,5 %. The value used shall be stated in the test report. The test skeins shall be of the following length: 100 m for yarns of linear density below 100 tex; 10 m for yarns of linear density of more than 100
43、 tex. Wind skeins with a pretension of (0,5 0,3) cN/tex. Discard at least 50 m from the outside of the package before winding test skeins. Test five test specimens per laboratory sample; in case of dispute test 10 test specimens. Round the results to the nearest 0,1 tex. For each laboratory sample t
44、ested, report the test option used, the mean linear density in tex or dtex, and, if required, the coefficient of variation in percentage and the 95 % confidence limits in tex or dtex. State atmospheric conditions used and, if option 6 was applied, the percentage value used for commercial moisture re
45、gain. 7.3 Determination of breaking force, elongation at break, modulus, and force at specified elongation Determine the breaking force and elongation at break of the filament yarn or cord in accordance with EN ISO 2062:1995. For the purposes of this standard use the following test conditions. Gauge
46、 length of 500 mm and a crosshead speed of 50 % elongation per minute (250 mm/min), and a pretension of (2 0,2) cN/tex. If multifilament yarns are supplied untwisted, a twist is inserted for tensile testing. Insert a twist, calculated according to the following formula: turns per metre = 1 055 50 LD
47、 where LD is the linear density in tex. NOTE 1 The manner of inserting the twist into the yarn, manually or with a twisting machine, can influence the results. Machine twisting is recommended for comparisons. The tolerance of 50 allows to apply twist between and 10 5 5+5 0 LD 1 0552 50 LD turns per
48、metre. Report the method of twist in the test report. Because of high breaking force and low elongation of para-aramid yarns, clamps and jaws have to be selected carefully. In practice air activated bollard type jaws as shown in Figure 1 have been found suitable, for linear densities up to 800 tex.
49、For large linear densities clamps with larger jaws and greater holding power may be required to prevent slippage. Figure 1 Principle of bollard type jaws Figure 2 Principle of specimen fixing in bollard type jawsPage 6 EN 12562:1999 BSI 12-1999 Figure 3 Tenacity and elongation curve for the determination of chord modulus Discard at least 50 m from the outside of the package. Unwind the specimen tangentially and insert carefully the yarns into the jaws, specif
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