BS EN 13001-2-2014 Crane safety General design Load actions《起重机安全 一般设计 负载效应》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13001-2:2014Crane safety General designPart 2: Load actionsBS EN 13001-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13001-2:2014. It supersedes BS EN 13001-2:2011, which is withdrawn.This standard, together with BS EN 130

2、01-1:2004+A1:2009, BS EN 13001-3-1:2012+A1:2013, BS EN 13001-3-2:2014, BS EN 13001-3-3, BS EN 13001-3-4 and DD CEN/TS 13001-3-5:2010, supersedes BS 2573-1:1983 and BS 2573-2:1980, which will be withdrawn on publication of all parts of the BS EN 13001 series.Users attention is drawn to the fact that

3、neither BS 2573-1:1983 nor BS 2573-2:1980 should be used in conjunction with theEN 13001 series as they are not complementary. The BS 2573 series will remain current until all parts of the BS EN 13001 series cited above have been published to ensure that a coherent package of standards remains avail

4、able in the UK during the transition to European standards.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/3/1, Crane design.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include

5、 all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78691 4ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Brit

6、ish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13001-2 August 2014 ICS 53.020.20 English Version Crane safety - Gen

7、eral design - Part 2: Load actions Scurit des appareils de levage charge suspendue - Conception gnrale - Partie 2: Charges Kransicherheit - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2: Lasteinwirkungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 June 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENEL

8、EC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or

9、 to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the offi

10、cial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,

11、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of

12、exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-2:2014 EBS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Terms and defini

13、tions .5 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 6 4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Loads . 10 4.2.1 General . 10 4.2.2 Regular loads 11 4.2.3 Occasional loads 18 4.2.4 Exceptional loads . 25 4.3 Load combinations . 33 4.3.1 General . 33 4.3.2 High risk situations. 34 4.3.3 Favo

14、urable and unfavourable masses . 34 4.3.4 Partial safety factors for the mass of the crane 35 4.3.5 Partial safety factors to be applied to loads determined by displacements 36 4.3.6 Load combinations for the proof of competence 37 4.3.7 The proof of crane stability 40 Annex A (informative) Aerodyna

15、mic coefficients . 42 A.1 General . 42 A.2 Individual members 45 A.3 Plane and spatial lattice structure members . 51 A.4 Structural members in multiple arrangement 53 Annex B (informative) Illustration of the types of hoist drives 55 Annex C (informative) Calculation of load factor for indirect lif

16、ting force limiter . 58 Annex D (informative) Guidance on selection of the risk coefficient . 60 Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application 62 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Dir

17、ective 2006/42/EC . 63 Bibliography . 64 BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 3Foreword This document (EN 13001-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Crane Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar

18、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

19、CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13001-2:2011. The major changes in this revision are in 4.2.2.2, 4.2.3.4, 4.2.4.10, 4.3.2, 4.3.4 and 4.3.7. There are new issues in 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8, Annex B, Annex C and Annex

20、 D. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Th

21、is European Standard is one Part of EN 13001. The other parts are as follows: Part 1: General principles and requirements Part 2: Load actions Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems Part 3-3:

22、Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex E. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Reg

23、ulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

24、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to pro

25、vide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) of the crane and the designer, as well as between

26、the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components. This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in the EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. When

27、provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standar

28、d. BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 51 Scope This European Standard specifies load actions to be used together with the standard EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-3, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and provides a method of verificati

29、on of those requirements. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use an

30、d foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards: a) Instability of the crane or its parts (tilting). b) Exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue). c) Elastic instability of the crane or its parts (b

31、uckling, bulging). d) Exceeding temperature limits of material or components. e) Exceeding the deformation limits. This document is not applicable to cranes that are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normat

32、ively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design EN 13001-1, Cran

33、es General Design Part 1: General principles and requirements ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, Clause 6 of ISO 4306-1:2007 and th

34、e following apply. 3.1.1 hoist load sum of the masses lifted by the crane, taken as the maximum that the crane is designed to lift in the configuration and operational conditions being considered 3.1.2 single failure proof system force carrying arrangement of several components, arranged so that in

35、case of a failure of any single component in the arrangement, the capability to carry the force is not lost BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 6 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations

36、 Symbols, abbreviations Description A1 to A4 Load combinations including regular loads A Characteristic area of a crane member AgProjection of the hoist load on a plane normal to the direction of the wind velocity AcArea enclosed by the boundary of a lattice work member in the plane of its character

37、istic height d AjArea of an individual crane member projected to the plane of the characteristic height d bhWidth of the rail head b Characteristic width of a crane member B1 to B5 Load combinations including regular and occasional loads c Spring constant co, ca, coy, cozAerodynamic coefficients C1

38、to C11 Load combinations including regular, occasional and exceptional loads CFF, CFM Coupled wheel pairs of system F/F or F/M d Characteristic dimension of a crane member di, dnDistance between wheel pair i or n and the guide means eGWidth of the gap of a rail f Friction coefficient fiLoads fqnatur

39、al frequency frecTerm used in calculating v(z) F Force in general F, Fy, FzWind loads FMaximum buffer force Fi,FfInitial and final drive force F Change of drive force Fx1i, Fx2i, Fy1i, Fy2iTangential wheel forces FyGuide force Fz1i, Fz2iVertical wheel forces BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 7Sy

40、mbols, abbreviations Description F/F, F/M Abbreviations for Fixed/Fixed and Fixed/Moveable, characterizing the possibility of lateral movements of the crane wheels g Acceleration due to gravity h Distance between instantaneous slide pole and guide means of a skewing crane h(t) Time dependent unevenn

41、ess function hsHeight of the step of a rail H1, H2Lateral wheel forces induced by drive forces acting on a crane or trolley with asymmetrical mass distribution HC1 to HC4 Stiffness classes HD1 to HD5 Classes of the type of hoist drive and its operation method i Serial number IFF, IFM Independent whe

42、el pairs of system F/F or F/M j Serial number k Serial number K Drag coefficient of terrain K1, K2Roughness factors l Span of a crane laAerodynamic length of a crane member loGeometric length of a crane member mHMass of the hoist load m Mass of the crane and the hoist load mHReleased or dropped part

43、 of the hoist load n Number of wheels at each side of the crane runway nmExponent used in calculating the shielding factor p Number of pairs of coupled wheels q Equivalent static wind pressure q Mean wind pressure q(z) Equivalent static storm wind pressure q(3) Wind pressure at v(3) r Wheel radius R

44、 Out-of-service wind recurrence interval Re Reynold number sgSlack of the guide syLateral slip at the guide means BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 8 Symbols, abbreviations Description syiLateral slip at wheel pair i S Load effect SMaximum load effect Si, SfInitial and final load effects S Chang

45、e of load effect t Time u Buffer stroke Maximum buffer stroke v Travelling speed of the crane v Constant mean wind velocity *v Constant mean wind velocity if the wind direction is not normal to the longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration v(z) Equivalent static storm wind velocity v

46、(z)* Equivalent static storm wind velocity if the wind direction is not normal to the longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration v(3) Gust wind velocity averaged of a period of 3 seconds vgThree seconds gust amplitude vhHoisting speed vh,maxMaximum steady hoisting speed vh,CSSteady ho

47、isting creep speed vm(z) Ten minutes mean storm wind velocity in the height z vrefReference storm wind velocity wbDistance between the guide means z Height above ground level z(t) Time-dependent coordinate of the mass centre rRelative aerodynamic length wAngle between the direction of the wind veloc

48、ity v or v(z) and the longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration Skewing angle gPart of the skewing angle due to the slack of the guide G, sTerms used in calculating 4tPart of the skewing angle due to tolerances wPart of the skewing angle due to wear Angle between horizontal plane and

49、 non-horizontal wind direction BS EN 13001-2:2014EN 13001-2:2014 (E) 9Symbols, abbreviations Description 2Term used in calculating 23Term used in calculating 3fOverall safety factor mResistance coefficient nRisk coefficient pPartial safety factor sAdditional safety factor for stability Term used in calculating 1SConventional start force factor MConventional mean drive force factor Shielding factor WFactor for remaining hoist load in out of service condition Aerodynamic slenderness ratio , Parts of t