BS EN 13001-3-3-2014 Cranes General design Limit states and proof of competence of wheel rail contacts《起重机 通用设计 轮 轨接触能力的极限状态和检验》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13001-3-3:2014Cranes - General designPart 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contactsBS EN 13001-3-3:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13001-3-3:2014. Together with BS EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009

2、, BS EN 13001-2:2014, BS EN 13001-3-1:2012+A1:2013, BS EN 13001-3-2:2014, BS EN 13001-3-4 and DD CEN/TS 13001-3-5:2010 supersedes BS 2573-1:1983 and BS 2573-2:1980, which will be withdrawn on publication of all parts of the BS EN 13001 series.Users attention is drawn to the fact that neither BS 2573

3、-1:2014 nor BS 2573-2:2014 should be used in conjunction with the EN 13001 series as they are not complementary. The BS 2573 series will remain current until all parts of the BS EN 13001 series cited above have been published to ensure that a coherent package of standards remains available in the UK

4、 during the transition to European standards.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/1, Crane design.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This public

5、ation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 79310 3ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity

6、 from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13001-3-3 October 2014 ICS 53.020.20 English Ve

7、rsion Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Conception gnrale - Partie 3-3 : Etats limites et vrification daptitude des contacts galet/rail Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-3: Grenzzustnde und Sic

8、herheitsnachweis von Laufrad/Schiene-Kontakten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any altera

9、tion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made

10、by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia

11、, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDAR

12、DIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-3-3:2014 EBS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 130

13、01-3-3:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Terms and definitions .5 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 6 4 General 7 4.1 General principles7 4.2 Line and point contact cases .8 4.3 Hardness profile b

14、elow contact surface .9 4.4 Equivalent modulus of elasticity . 10 5 Proof of static strength 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Design contact force 10 5.3 Static limit design contact force . 11 5.3.1 General . 11 5.3.2 Calculation of the limit design force . 11 5.3.3 Edge pressure in line contact 12 5.3.4 Non

15、-uniform pressure distribution in line contact 12 6 Proof of fatigue strength 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Design contact force 13 6.3 Limit design contact force . 13 6.3.1 Basic formula 13 6.3.2 Reference contact force . 14 6.3.3 Contact force history parameter . 14 6.3.4 Contact force spectrum factor 1

16、5 6.3.5 Counting of rolling contacts 15 6.3.6 Relative total number of rolling contacts . 16 6.3.7 Classification of contact force history parameter . 16 6.4 Factors of further influences . 17 6.4.1 Basic formula 17 6.4.2 Edge pressure for fatigue 17 6.4.3 Non-uniform pressure distribution for fatig

17、ue 17 6.4.4 Skewing . 17 6.4.5 Mechanical drive factor 18 Annex A (informative) Strength properties for a selection of wheel and rail materials 19 Annex B (informative) Conversion table of hardnesses . 20 Annex C (informative) Examples for wheel/rail material pairs and their wear behaviour . 21 Anne

18、x D (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application 22 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 23 Bibliography . 24 BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Fo

19、reword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Terms and definitions .5 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 6 4 General 7 4.1 General principles7 4.2 Line and point contact cases .8 4.3 Hardness profile below contact surface .9 4.4 Equiva

20、lent modulus of elasticity . 10 5 Proof of static strength 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Design contact force 10 5.3 Static limit design contact force . 11 5.3.1 General . 11 5.3.2 Calculation of the limit design force . 11 5.3.3 Edge pressure in line contact 12 5.3.4 Non-uniform pressure distribution in

21、line contact 12 6 Proof of fatigue strength 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Design contact force 13 6.3 Limit design contact force . 13 6.3.1 Basic formula 13 6.3.2 Reference contact force . 14 6.3.3 Contact force history parameter . 14 6.3.4 Contact force spectrum factor 15 6.3.5 Counting of rolling contac

22、ts 15 6.3.6 Relative total number of rolling contacts . 16 6.3.7 Classification of contact force history parameter . 16 6.4 Factors of further influences . 17 6.4.1 Basic formula 17 6.4.2 Edge pressure for fatigue 17 6.4.3 Non-uniform pressure distribution for fatigue 17 6.4.4 Skewing . 17 6.4.5 Mec

23、hanical drive factor 18 Annex A (informative) Strength properties for a selection of wheel and rail materials 19 Annex B (informative) Conversion table of hardnesses . 20 Annex C (informative) Examples for wheel/rail material pairs and their wear behaviour . 21 Annex D (informative) Selection of a s

24、uitable set of crane standards for a given application 22 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 23 Bibliography . 24 BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13001-3-3:2014) has bee

25、n prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting national standard

26、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared unde

27、r a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one part of EN 1

28、3001, Cranes General design. The other parts are as follows: Part 1: General principles and requirements Part 2: Load actions Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structure Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems Part 3-4: Limit states and p

29、roof of competence of machinery Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex D. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to i

30、mplement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roma

31、nia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to provide a means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential heal

32、th and safety requirements. This European Standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components. This European Standard is a type C standard as s

33、tated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the Scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take pre

34、cedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to provide a means for the mechanical design and t

35、heoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements. This European Standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cra

36、nes and components. This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the Scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in ty

37、pe A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is to

38、 be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wheel/rail contacts of cranes by design and theoretical verification. This European Standard covers requirements for steel and cast iron wheels and

39、is applicable for metallic wheel/rail contacts only. Roller bearings are not in the scope of this European Standard. Exceeding the limits of strength is a significant hazardous situation and hazardous event that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 5 to C

40、lause 6 of this European Standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with this hazard. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval of this European Standard by CEN, and serves as a reference base for product standards of pa

41、rticular crane types. This European Standard is for design purposes only and should not be seen as a guarantee of actual performance. EN 13001-3-3 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively re

42、ferenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13001-1, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and re

43、quirements EN 13001-2, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1) EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100) ISO 4306-1, Cran

44、es Vocabulary Part 1: General ISO 12488-1:2012, Cranes Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks Part 1: General 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100, ISO 4306-1 and t

45、he following apply. 3.1.1 wheel rolling component in a rolling contact enabling relative movement between two crane parts EXAMPLE Crane travel wheels, trolley traverse wheels, guide rollers and wheels/rollers supporting slewing structures. Note 1 to entry: Roller elements in rolling bearings are not

46、 considered as wheels. BS EN 13001-3-3:2014EN 13001-3-3:2014 (E) 6 3.1.2 unit-conform hardness Brinell hardness HBW of the material given with the unit of the modulus of elasticity EXAMPLE A Brinell hardness HBW of 300 results in a unit-conform hardness HB = 300 N/mm2. Note 1 to entry: Annex B provi

47、des a table of hardness conversion for different methods of hardness measurements. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols, abbreviations Description b Effective load-bearing widt

48、h DwWheel diameter EmEquivalent modulus of elasticity ErModulus of elasticity of the rail material EwModulus of elasticity of the wheel material F Wheel load FRd,sLimit design contact force FSd,sDesign contact force FRd,fLimit design contact force for fatigue FSd,fMaximum design contact force for fa

49、tigue FSd,f,iDesign contact force for fatigue in contact (i) FSd0,sNon-factored design contact force (calculated with partial safety factors set to 1) FuReference contact force ffFactors of further influences in fatigue ff1Decreasing factor for edge pressure in fatigue ff2Decreasing factor for non-uniform pressure distribution in fatigue ff3Decreasing factor for skewing in fatigue ff4Decreasing factor for driven wheels in fatigue f1Decreasing factor for edge pressure f2Decreasing factor for non-uniform pressure distribution fyYield stress or 0,2 % p