BS EN 13018-2016 Non-destructive testing Visual testing General principles《无损试验 目视检验 一般原理》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13018:2016Non-destructive testing Visual testing GeneralprinciplesBS EN 13018:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13018:2016.It supersedes BS EN 13018:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation

2、 was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicati

3、on. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 88554 9ICS 19.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2

4、9 February 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 13018:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13018 February 2016 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 13018:2001English Version Non-destructive testing - Visual testing - General principles Essais n

5、on destructifs - Examen visuel - Principes gnraux Prfung - Sichtprfung - Allgemeine Grundlagen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 December 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard th

6、e status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Fren

7、ch, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

8、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

9、andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.

10、No. EN 13018:2016 EBS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 Pre-test documentation . 4 5 Direct visual testing 5 6 Remote visual testing . 6 7 Personnel 6 8 Evaluation . 6 9 Post-test documentation . 6

11、10 Records 7 BS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 13018:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either b

12、y publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CEN

13、ELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13018:2001. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium

14、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla

15、nd, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the general principles for visual testing both directly and remotely when it is used to determine the compliance of a product with specified requirements (e.g. surface condition of the par

16、t, alignment of mating surfaces, shape of part). This European Standard does not apply to viewing activities linked to the use of any other destructive or non-destructive test method. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and

17、 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-10, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 10: Terms used in visual testing EN ISO 859

18、6, Ophthalmic optics - Visual acuity testing - Standard optotype and its presentation (ISO 8596) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-10

19、 and the following apply. 3.1 direct visual testing visual testing where there is an uninterrupted optical path from the observers eye to the test area. This is either unaided or aided via e.g. mirror, lens, endoscope or fibre optic 3.2 remote visual testing visual testing where there is an interrup

20、ted optical path from the observers eye to the test area. Remote visual testing covers the use of photography, video systems, automated systems and robots 4 Pre-test documentation 4.1 An instruction shall be written which includes the minimum testing requirements in accordance with 4.4. 4.2 When req

21、uired (e.g. product standard, contract) a written procedure shall be prepared in accordance with 4.4 to 4.7. Written procedures may be in a general form applicable without adaptation to a variety of unlisted products or situations, thereby reducing the overall number of written procedures required.

22、4.3 Copies of the written instructions and/or the procedures shall be made available to the relevant personnel. BS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 5 4.4 As a minimum, the following aspects shall be considered for applicability: a) the object to be tested, location, accessibility and geometry; b) the

23、extent of test coverage; c) the technique and sequence of performing the test; d) the surface condition; e) the surface preparation; f) the stage of manufacture or service life when testing is carried out; g) the requirements of personnel (see Clause 7); h) the acceptance criteria; i) the illuminati

24、on (type, level and direction); j) the visual testing equipment to be used; k) the post-test documentation (see Clause 9). 4.5 A demonstration test piece shall be used to prove the procedure. The test piece should be as close as possible to the component with respect to relative reflectivity, surfac

25、e texture, contrast ratio and accessibility. The procedure should be demonstrated on the least discernible location in the area to be tested. This demonstration test piece may be replaced by the component to be tested or an approved system of reference. 4.6 Changes in equipment and in the details of

26、 the tests arrangement which do not adversely affect sensitivity levels shall not require the procedure to be reproven. 4.7 Any record of the image shall be of the same standard as defined in the procedure. 5 Direct visual testing 5.1 Direct visual testing may usually be made for local visual testin

27、g when access is sufficient to place the eye within 600 mm of the surface to be tested and at an angle not less than 30 to the surface to be tested. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision, and aids such as a magnifying lens, endoscope and fibre optic may be used to assist testing. 5.2 Di

28、rect visual testing may also be made at greater distances than 600 mm specifically for general visual testing. A viewing distance appropriate to the test shall be used. 5.3 The specific part, component, vessel, or section thereof, under immediate test, shall be illuminated, if necessary, with auxili

29、ary lighting, to attain a minimum of 160 lx for general visual testing and a minimum of 500 lx for local visual testing. BS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 6 5.4 Consideration shall be given to the application of illuminance to maximize the effectiveness of the test by: a) using the optimum direction

30、 of light with respect to the viewing point; b) avoiding glare; c) optimizing the colour temperature of the light source; d) using an illumination level compatible with the surface reflectivity. 6 Remote visual testing 6.1 When direct visual testing cannot be utilized, it may have to be substituted

31、by remote visual testing. Remote visual testing uses visual aids such as endoscopes and fibre optics, coupled to cameras or other suitable instruments. 6.2 The suitability of the remote visual testing system to perform the designated task shall be proven. 7 Personnel Personnel who carry out tests ac

32、cording to this standard shall be shown to: a) be familiar with relevant standards, rules, specifications, equipment and procedures/instructions; b) be familiar with the relevant manufacturing procedure used and/or with the operating conditions of the component to be tested; c) have satisfactory vis

33、ion in accordance with EN ISO 9712. In addition, when performing general visual testing far vision shall be checked using the standard optotype in accordance with EN ISO 8596 visual acuity grade 0,63 in at least one eye corrected or uncorrected. Vision shall be checked at least every 12 months. 8 Ev

34、aluation All visual tests shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria specified (e.g. product standard, contract). 9 Post-test documentation When required (e.g. product standard, contract) a written test report shall be provided detailing the following: a) date and place of test; b) metho

35、d used according to Clauses 5 or 6; c) acceptance criteria and/or written procedure/instruction reference; d) equipment and/or system utilized including set-up; BS EN 13018:2016EN 13018:2016 (E) 7 e) reference to customers order; f) name of organization carrying out test; g) description and identifi

36、cation of test object; h) details of test findings with respect to the acceptance criteria (e.g. size, location); i) extent of test coverage; j) name and signature of person conducting test with date; k) name and signature of person supervising test with date, if required; l) marking of component te

37、sted, when appropriate; m) results. This may be accomplished by referencing the visual testing written procedure and/or the instruction. 10 Records Records shall be maintained as required (e.g. product standard, contract). This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the

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