1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13036-4:2011Incorporating corrigendum March 2013BS EN 13036-4:2011Road and airfield surfacecharacteristics Test methodsPart 4: Method for measurement of slip/skidresistance
2、 of a surface: The pendulum testBS EN 13036-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13036-4:2011. It supersedes BS EN 13036-4:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/5, Surface cha
3、racteristics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published
4、 by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 81260 6ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011.Amendments/co
5、rrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 March 2013 Correction to supersession details in national forewordBS EN 13036-4:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13036-4 October 2011 ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120 Supersedes EN 13036-4:2003English Version Road and airf
6、ield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface: The pendulum test Caractristiques de surface des routes et arodromes - Mthode dessai - Partie 4: Mthode dessai pour mesurer ladhrence dune surface: Lessai au pendule Oberflcheneigenscha
7、ften von Straen und Flugpltzen - Prfverfahren - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Messung der Griffigkeit von Oberflchen: Der Pendeltest This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
8、 this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offici
9、al versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of A
10、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. E
11、UROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13036-4:2011: EBS EN 1303
12、6-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Safety 55 Principle 56 Test equipment 57 Calibration . 128 Additional items required for testing 129 Test measurements 129.1 Measurements in the field 129.2 Measurements in the laborato
13、ry . 1310 Field sampling . 1311 Test procedure 1312 Calculations . 1513 Precision 1614 Test report . 17Annex A (normative) Validation and Calibration of the pendulum friction tester . 18A.1 Validation of the performance of the Pendulum Tester 18A.1.1 General . 18A.1.2 Procedure 18A.1.3 Checking for
14、error. 19A.2 Preparation of a new slider 19A.2.1 General . 19A.2.2 Preparation of a new slider 20A.2.3 Re-preparation of a used slider . 20A.3 Calibration of the pendulum friction tester 20A.3.1 General . 20A.3.2 Pre-calibration verification 20A.3.3 Checking/setting the centre of gravity of the pend
15、ulum arm and slider assembly . 21A.3.4 Distance of centre of gravity to centre of rotation 22A.3.5 Checking/setting the effective spring tension . 22A.3.6 Checking/setting the slider force/deflection characteristics . 24A.3.7 Checking/setting the levelness of the frame . 27A.3.8 Final calibration 28
16、A.3.9 Calibration report and marking (external calibration). 28Annex B (informative) Details of scales . 29Annex C (informative) Typical test report 31Bibliography . 32BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13036-4:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227
17、 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Fe
18、bruary 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13036-4:2003. This European Standard is one o
19、f a series of standards as listed below: EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique CEN/TS 13036-2, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 2: Assessment of the s
20、kid resistance of a road pavement surface by the use of dynamic measuring systems EN 13036-3, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 3: Measurement of pavement surface horizontal drainability EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 4: Method for m
21、easurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface The pendulum test prEN 13036-5, Road longitudinal evenness Definition (and calculation methods) of the longitudinal evenness indices EN 13036-6, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 6: Measurement of transverse and longitudinal p
22、rofiles in the evenness and megatexture wavelength ranges EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses: the straightedge test EN 13036-8, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 8: Determination of transve
23、rse unevenness indices According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
24、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method for determining the s
25、lip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location. The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a slider mounted at the end of a pendulum arm. The method provides a measure of the slip/skid resistance properties of a surface either in the field or in t
26、he laboratory. This method measures the slip/skid resistance of a small area of a surface (approximately 0,01 m2). This should be considered when deciding its applicability to a surface which may have non-homogeneous surface characteristics, e.g. containing ridges or grooves, or is rough textured (e
27、xceeding 1,2 mm mean texture depth). NOTE As the results from this test are taken at one small location, the results cannot be compared with results from devices e.g. mobile devices, that measure the slip/skid resistance over a long length of a surface. 2 Normative references The following reference
28、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1097-8, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Pa
29、rt 8: Determination of the polished stone value ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 4662, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of rebound resilience ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determinatio
30、n of indentation hardness Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness) ISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 slip/sk
31、id resistance property of the trafficked surface which limits the relative movement between the contact patch of pedestrian footwear or a vehicle tyre and the surface NOTE 1 Loss of slip/skid resistance leads to loss of control by the pedestrian/driver with consequent increase in the risk of falling
32、/ crashes. NOTE 2 There are numerous factors which contribute to skid resistance, including the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern and rubber composition of the tyre or sole; the alignment, texture and frictional characteristics of the surface; the vehicle speed; the weather conditions, i.e.
33、 wet/dry and presence of surface contamination. NOTE 3 Slip/ Skid resistance is not a constant but varies with climate and traffic and the effect of these on the characteristics of the surface material itself. BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 5 3.2 friction resistance to relative motion between
34、 two bodies in contact. The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area 3.3 Pendulum Test Value (PTV) loss of energy as the standard rubber coated slider assembly slides across the test surface and provides a standardised value of skid resistance 3.4 test procedure to deter
35、mine the Pendulum Test Value at a single location or for a single sample in the laboratory. In the field a number of tests will be required to determine the slip/skid resistance of an area 4 Safety When carrying out the test in the field, the equipment and operator will form a stationary obstruction
36、. Adequate safety measures shall be in place to maintain a safe working area in accordance with regulations. 5 Principle The Pendulum Tester incorporates a spring-loaded slider made of a standard rubber mounted to the end of a pendulum arm. Upon releasing the pendulum arm from a horizontal position,
37、 the loss of energy as the slider assembly passes over the test surface is measured by the reduction in length of the upswing using a calibrated scale. 6 Test equipment 6.1 The pendulum tester shall consist of the essential features given below and as illustrated in Figure 1. BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13
38、036-4:2011 (E) 6 Key 1 pendulum arm 2 mark (in the centre of rotation) 3 release mechanism (knob) 4 frame 5 rear support foot 6 screw for rear support foot 7 spacer of rough adjustment of the sliding length (optional) 8 levelling screw 9 bottom plate (hinged, optional) 10 slider assembly 11 slider s
39、upport rod 12 vertical screw (for vertical adjustment) 13 slider lifting handle 14 pendulum head 15 clamp for vertical adjustment 16 spirit level 17 gauge (see Figure 2) 18 pendulum foot 19 friction ring (including locking ring) 20 pointer 21 pointer counterbalance 22 unit scale 23 unit scale F 24 u
40、nit scale C 25 release catch 26 pointer cam (calibration purpose: pointer adjustment screw) 27 handle 28 lock nut Individual testers might have a slightly different configuration or appearance. Figure 1 Pendulum Tester BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 7 6.1.1 A spring-loaded slider assembly as
41、specified in 6.3 (wide slider assembly) and 6.4 (narrow slider assembly). It shall be mounted on the end of a pendulum arm so that the sliding edge is (514 6) mm from the axis of rotation. 6.1.2 Means for setting the support column of the equipment vertical. NOTE The three leveling screws are normal
42、ly used, together with the bubble sprit level accurate to within 4 of arc (0,06) or 1 in 1 000 however a magnetic 90 engineers spirit level with a nominal sensitivity of 62 of arc may be used on the vertical central pillar. 6.1.3 A frame of sufficient mass to ensure the equipment remains stable duri
43、ng the test. NOTE A mass of the frame of 3,5 kg has been found suitable. 6.1.4 Means of raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the pendulum arm so that the slider can: swing clear of the surface of the specimen, and be set to traverse a surface over a fixed length of (126 1) mm. A gauge with
44、 this distance marked is required as shown in Figure 2. NOTE The sliding length may be measured on the surface using tapered gauge 126. Alternatively, gauge 124 of thickness (8 0,2) mm may be used to set the sliding length, which has appropriate marks, aligning the marks with the aluminium backing a
45、s shown in Figure 2. BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2a Figure 2b Key 1 gauge 2 slider a measured sliding length b actual sliding length Figure 2 Sliding length gauges 6.1.5 Means of holding and releasing the pendulum arm so that it falls freely from a horizo
46、ntal position. 6.1.6 A pointer of nominal length 300 mm, balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the position of the pendulum arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale (unit scale). The mass of the pointer shall be not more than 85 g. 6.1.7 The friction in the poi
47、nter mechanism shall be adjustable so that, with the pendulum arm swinging freely from a horizontal position, the outward tip of the pointer may be brought to rest on the forward swing of the arm at a point (10 1) mm below the horizontal. This is the 0 reading. 6.1.8 A circular scale (unit scale C)
48、as described in Table B.1, calibrated for a nominal sliding length of 126 mm on a flat surface marked from 0 to 150 at intervals of five. Tests in this mode of operation give the Pendulum Test Value directly. BS EN 13036-4:2011EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 9 6.1.9 A circular scale (unit scale F) as described
49、in Table B.2, calibrated for a nominal sliding length of 76 mm sliding length on a flat surface marked from 0 to 1 at intervals of 0,05 units, may also be present. This is used for a number of laboratory tests as described in the relevant Standards. The Pendulum Test Value may be estimated by calculation. NOTE In EN 10978-8, the narrow slider and the sliding length of (761) mm is used. 6.1.10 All bearings
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