BS EN 13068-3-2001 Non-destructive testing - Radioscopic testing - General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and gamma rays《无损检验 射线检验 χ和γ射线对金属材料进行射线检验的一.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13068-3:2001 Non-destructive testing Radioscopic testing Part 3: General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and gamma rays The European Standard EN 13068-3:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 19.100; 77.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISS

2、ION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 13068-3:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 September 2001 BSI 25 September 2

3、001 ISBN 0 580 38238 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13068-3:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represent

4、ed on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence

5、Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itsel

6、f confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them

7、in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPE

8、ANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN130683 August2001 ICS19.100 Englishversion NondestructivetestingRadioscopictestingPart3:General principlesofradioscopictestingofmetallicmaterialsbyXand gammarays EssaisnondestructifsContrleparradioscopiePartie3: Principesgnrauxdelessairadioscopiquelaidede r

9、ayonsXetgammadesmatriauxmtalliques ZerstrungsfreiePrfungRadioskopischePrfungTeil3: AllgemeineGrundlagenfrdieradioskopischePrfungvon metallischenWerkstoffenmitRntgenund Gammastrahlen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon25July2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhich

10、stipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,F

11、rench,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Icelan

12、d,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved wo

13、rldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN130683:2001EEN130683:2001(E) Contents F o r e w o r d . 3 Introduction 4 1 S c o p e . 4 2 N o r m a t i v e r e f e r e n c e s 4 3Termsanddefinitions.5 4 R a d i o s c o p i c t e s t i n g 5 5General 6 6Recommendedtechniquesforradioscopicimages 7 7Testreport

14、. 1 1 ANNEXA(informative)Testarrangements;relationbetweengeometricunsharpness andgeometricmagnification. 1 2 Bibliography 1 3 2EN130683:2001(E) Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC138“Nondestructivetesting“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardsh

15、allbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorby endorsement,atthelatestbyFebruary2002,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby February2002. EN13068comprisesaseriesofEuropeanStandardsofradioscopicsystemswhichismadeofthefollowing: EN130681, Nondestr

16、uctivetestingRadioscopictestingPart1:Quantitativemeasurementofimageproperties. EN130682, NondestructivetestingRadioscopictestingPart2:Qualitativecontrolandlongtermstabilityofimaging devices. EN130683, NondestructivetestingRadioscopictestingPart3:Generalprinciplesofradioscopictestingofmetallic materi

17、alsbyXandgammarays . AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowingcountries areboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,

18、Sweden,Switzerlandand theUnitedKingdom. 3EN130683:2001(E) Introduction Thispartspecifiesfundamentaltechniquesofradioscopywiththeobjectofenablingrepeatableresultstobeobtained economically.Thetechniquesarebasedongenerallyacceptedpracticeandthefundamentaltheoryofthesubject. Thegoalofthisstandardistodef

19、inearadioscopictechniqueascloseaspossibletotheradiographicstandardEN444 andEN462.Duetothespecificdifferencesthefollowingdeviationsareessential: 1)Thelimitedinherentunsharpnessoftheintensifierbasedsystemsincomparisontothefilmtechniquerequires carefulhandlingwithIQIs.Therefore,theusageofthedoublewireI

20、QIcorrespondingtoEN4625isadditionally introducedforeachmeasurement.Themaximumpermissibleunsharpnessisdefinedindependenceonthe wall thickness.Thevaluesarecalculatedfromthepermissiblegeometricunsharpnesscorrespondingtotheequation f min ofEN444.Duetotechnicalandeconomicalreasonsuptothedoubleunsharpness

21、correspondingtoEN444 wasacceptedforthelowerwallthicknessrangeinTable4and5.Contrastenhancementbyalowermaximumtube voltageandtherequirementforthesameminimumwireIQIvaluescorrespondingtoEN4623yielda compensationforthelimitationsinthespatialresolution.NovaluesforstepholeIQIsaredefinedbecausewire IQIsarem

22、oretypicalforsmallstructurestodetect. 2)Theprincipleofcompensatingthelimitedspatialresolutionbycontrastenhancementrequiresthenecessityfor imageintegrationformostapplications.Thus,theimagequalitydefinedinTable5fortestingofmetallicmaterials isbasedonradioscopictestimagesacquiredwithimageintegration.Re

23、altimetestingyieldsadvantagesforthe perceptibilityoforientedstructuresbythedynamictestingprincipleandshouldbeappliedalwaysasafirststepfor systemandpositioningoptimization.Thewideapplicationof radioscopyforlightalloytestingjustifiesthedefinition ofspeciallimitedrequirementsforthisapplicationareainTab

24、le4.Here,classSAtestingcanbeperformedbyreal timeradioscopyandclassSBtestingonlyneedsadditionalimageintegration.Theusermaydecideifhedoesapply Table4or5dependingonhistestingproblem. 1 Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesgeneralrulesforindustrialXandgammaradioscopyforflawdetectionpurposes, usingradiosco

25、pictechniques,applicabletothetestingofmetallicmaterials. Itdoesnotlaydownacceptancecriteriaofthediscontinuities. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepubli

26、cationsarelistedhereafter.Fordated references,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanythesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonly whenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublicationreferred toapplies(includingamendments). EN4621, NondestructivetestingIma

27、gequalityofradiographsPart1:Imagequality indicators(wiretype) Determinationofimagequalityvalue EN4623, NondestructivetestingImagequalityofradiographsPart3:ImagequalityofradiogrammesPart3: Imagequalityclassesforferrousmetals EN4625, NondestructivetestingImageQualityofradiographsPart2:Imagequalityindi

28、cators(duplexwiretype) Determinationofimagequalityvalue EN473, NondestructivetestingQualificationandcertificationofNDTpersonnelGeneralprinciples EN1435, NondestructiveexaminationofweldsRadiographicexaminationofweldedjoints EN125441, NondestructivetestingMeasurementandevaluationoftheXraytubevoltagePa

29、rt1:Voltagedivider method EN125442, NondestructivetestingMeasurementandevaluationoftheXraytubevoltagePart2:Constancycheck bythethickfiltermethod EN125443, NondestructivetestingMeasurementandevaluationoftheXraytubevoltagePart3:Spectrometric method 4EN130683:2001(E) EN12681, FoundingRadiographicinspec

30、tion EN130681, NondestructivetestingRadioscopicTestingPart1:Quantitativemeasurementofimageproperties EN130682, NondestructivetestingRadioscopicTestingPart2:Qualitativecontrolandlongtermstabilityof imagingdevices 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitio

31、nsapply: 3.1 nominalthickness, t nominalthicknessofthematerialintheregionundertestingEN444 Manufacturingtolerancesdonothavetobetakenintoaccount. 3.2 penetratedthickness, w thicknessofmaterialinthedirectionoftheradiationbeamcalculatedonbasisofthenominalthicknessEN444 3.3 sourcesize,d sizeofthesourceo

32、fradiation(inaccordancewithEN12679),focalspotsizeoftheusedXraytube(inaccordance withEN125431toEN125435) 3.4 focustodetectordistance,FDD distancebetweenthesourceofradiationandthedetectormeasuredinthedirectionofthebeam 3.5 focustoobjectdistance,FOD distancebetweenthesourceofradiationandthesourcesideof

33、thetestobjectmeasuredalongthecentralaxisofthe radiationbeam 3.6 termsdescribingspatialresolution(seeannexA) geometricunsharpness,U g inherent(screen)unsharpness,U i totalunsharpness,U t 3.7 systemparameter(seeannexA) geometricmagnification,M 3.8 blooming lightovershootorstreakinginareaswithhighinten

34、sitycontrast 4 Radioscopictesting 4.1 Classificationofradioscopictechniques Theradioscopictechniquesaredividedintotwoclasses: TestingclassSA:Basictechniques TestingclassSB:Improvedtechniques. TestingclassSBtechniqueswillbeusedwhentestingclassSAmaybeinsufficientlysensitive. Bettertechniquescomparedwi

35、thtestingclassSBarepossibleandmaybeagreedbetweenthecontractingpartiesby specificationofallappropriatetestingparametersandimprovedminimumrequirementsoftheradioscopicsystem. Thechoiceofradioscopictechniqueshallbeagreedbetweenthepartiesconcerned. 4.2 Minimumrequirementstoradioscopicdetectorsystems Thee

36、quipmentusedforradioscopicworkcandifferinthequalityoftheresultsdependingonthetypeoftestsystem. Threesystemclassesofradioscopictestsystemsaredefined.Thestandarddefinestheminimumsystemclasswhich shallbeusedforaparticularpurpose. 5EN130683:2001(E) Criteriafortheclassificationsaretheinherentdetectorunsh

37、arpness,thedistortionandthehomogeneityinaccordance withPart1ofthisstandard(Table1)measuredwithoutgeometricmagnification.Thevaluesshallbemeasuredwith a6mmsteelplateastestobjectat100kV.Furthermoreacheckof inherentunsharpnessforlongtermstabilityis necessary.ThemeasurementshallbedoneinaccordancewithEN13

38、0681andEN130682. Table1 Minimumrequirementsforradioscopicdetectorsystems Parameter Systemclasses SC1 SC2 SC3 inherentdetectorunsharp nessU i betterthan 0,4mm 0,5mm 0,6mm distortionV d,i betterthan 5% 10% 20% homogeneityH d,i betterthan 10% 20% 30% Thesefeaturesshallbemeasuredatasignaltonoiseratiobet

39、terthan50.Distortionandhomogeneityshallbe measuredat75%oftheradiusoftheusedimagefield. SystemswhichdonotmeetthesystemclassesSC1toSC3arenotsubjectofthisstandard. 5 General 5.1 Protectionagainstionizingradiations WarningExposureofanypartofthehumanbodytoXraysorgammarayscanbehighlyinjurioustohealth. Whe

40、reverXrayequimentorradioactivesourcesareinuse,appropriatelegalrequirementsareapplied. Localornationalorinternationalsafetyprecautionswhenusingionizingradiationshallbestrictlyapplied. 5.2 Surfacepreparationandstageofmanufacture Ingeneral,surfacepreparationisnotnecessary,butwheresurfaceimperfectionsor

41、coatingsmightcausedifficultyin detectingdiscontinuities,thesurfaceshallbegroundsmoothorthecoatingshallberemoved. 5.3 Identificationofradioscopicimages Ifdocumentationisnecessary,aclearidentificationshallbeaffixedtoeachsectionoftheobjectbeinginspected.The imagesofthesesymbolsshallappearintheradioscop

42、icimageoutsidetheregionofinterestwherepossibleandshall ensureunequivocalidentificationofthesection.Incasewhereadocumentationisnecessaryaclearidentificationof eachimageshallbeguaranteed. Alternativelytheidentificationofradioscopicimagescanbeperformedbyinsertingasymbolorreferencenumberinto theimage,th

43、eimageheaderoraparameterfilebyelectronicmeans.Thereferenceshallbestoredaspartofthe radioscopicimage. 5.4 Marking Ifdocumentationisnecessarypermanentmarkingsontheobjecttobetestedshallbemadeinordertoaccurately locatethepositionofeachradioscopicimage. Wherethenatureofthematerialand/oritsserviceconditionsdonotpermitpermanentmarking,thelocationmaybe recordedbymeansofaccuratesketches. 5.5 Overlapofimages Whentestinganareawithtwoormoreseparateimages/videoframes,theseshalloverlapsuffientlytoensurethatthe completeregionofi