BS EN 13087-2-2012 Protective helmets Test methods Shock absorption《防护头盔 试验方法 减震》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13087-2:2012Protective helmets TestmethodsPart 2: Shock absorptionBS EN 13087-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1

2、3087-2:2012.It supersedes BS EN 13087-2:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/6, Head protection.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to incl

3、ude all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68425 8ICS 13.340.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Briti

4、sh Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13087-2:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13087-2 February 2012 ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 13087-2:2000En

5、glish Version Protective helmets - Test methods - Part 2: Shock absorption Casques de protection - Mthodes dessai - Partie 2: Absorption des chocs Schutzhelme - Prfverfahren - Teil 2: Stodmpfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 December 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the

6、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management

7、Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as

8、 the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom

9、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means

10、reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13087-2:2012: EBS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Prerequisites 55 Test methods 65.1 General 65.2 Falling mass method .65.2.1 Principle 65

11、.2.2 Apparatus .65.2.3 Procedure .75.2.4 Test report 75.3 Falling headform method 75.3.1 Principle 75.3.2 Apparatus .75.3.3 Procedure .95.3.4 Test report 9Annex A (normative) Test results Uncertainty of measurement 10Annex B (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard

12、and EN 13087-2:2000 11Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC Personal Protective Equipment 12BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13087-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee

13、 CEN/TC 158 “Head protection”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the la

14、test by August 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13087-2:2000. This document has been

15、prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Annex B provides details of s

16、ignificant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. This European Standard consists of the following ten parts Part 1 : Conditions and conditioning; Part 2 : Shock absorption; Part 3 : Resistance to penetration; Part 4 : Retention system effectiveness; Part 5 : Rete

17、ntion system strength; Part 6 : Field of vision; Part 7 : Flame resistance; Part 8 : Electrical properties; Part 9 : Mechanical rigidity1; Part 10 : Resistance to radiant heat. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are boun

18、d to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S

19、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. 1To be published. BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is intended as a supplement to the specific product standards for protective helmets (helmet standards). This method or other test methods may be applicabl

20、e to complete helmets or parts thereof, and may be referenced in the appropriate helmet standards. Performance requirements are given in the appropriate helmet standard, as are such prerequisites as the number of samples, preconditioning, preparation of samples for the tests, sequence and duration o

21、f testing and assessment of test results. If deviations from the test method given in this standard are necessary, these deviations will be specified in the appropriate helmet standard. BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope The European Standard specifies methods of test for protective hel

22、mets. The purpose of these tests is to enable assessment of the performance of the helmet as specified in the appropriate helmet standard. This European Standard specifies the method for determination of shock absorption. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable fo

23、r the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 960:2006, Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets EN 13087-1, Protective helmets Test

24、methods Part 1: Conditions and conditioning ISO 6487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions used in this standard can be found in the appropriate helmet standard. 4 Prerequisites In or

25、der to implement this part of EN 13087, at least the following parameters need to be specified in the appropriate helmet standard: a) performance requirements; b) number of samples; c) preparation of samples; d) sequence of conditioning; e) sequence of tests; f) method of test - 5.2 or 5.3; g) sizes

26、 of headforms; h) type of striker or anvil; i) fitting instructions; j) number and location of impact points on helmets; k) for each impact, the impact energy, including tolerance, of the falling mass for the falling mass method, or the impact speed, including tolerance, of the helmet/headform assem

27、bly for the falling headform method. BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 6 5 Test methods 5.1 General Testing shall be performed in the ambient conditions specified in EN 13087-1. When the test method specifies that the helmet shall be fitted to a headform, this shall be done in accordance with th

28、e appropriate helmet standard. Two test methods are specified. The appropriate helmet standard will state which of these methods is applicable. Annex A refers to the uncertainty of measurement. 5.2 Falling mass method 5.2.1 Principle A specified striker is allowed to fall with specified energy on to

29、 a helmet which is fitted to a rigidly mounted headform. The transmitted force is measured by means of a force transducer located beneath the headform. 5.2.2 Apparatus 5.2.2.1 Base The base shall be solid, made of steel or a combination of steel and concrete and have a mass of not less than 500 kg.

30、At least the uppermost 25 mm shall consist of steel, which shall be firmly attached to the concrete if present. No part of the base and headform mounting assembly shall have a resonant frequency liable to affect the measurements. NOTE See 5.2.2.6.2 regarding frequency response. 5.2.2.2 Test headform

31、s The headforms shall comply with EN 960:2006, 2.2, 3.1.2 and 3.2. The sizes to be used are specified in the helmet standard, but shall be selected from size designations 495, 535, 575, 605 and 625 (equivalent to codes A, E, J, M and O, respectively, EN 960:1994). When in the upright position, the h

32、eadform shall be positioned so that its central vertical axis coincides with those of the force transducer and striker. 5.2.2.3 Striker Two types of striker are specified - a flat one and a hemispherical one. The type of striker to be used is specified in the appropriate helmet standard. The striker

33、 shall be made of steel and have a mass of (5 0,05) kg. The flat striker shall have a flat striking face of diameter (100 2) mm, with the edge of its circumference radiused to nominally 2 mm. The hemispherical striker shall have a hemispherical striking face of radius (50 1) mm. 5.2.2.4 Guidance sys

34、tem Means shall be provided for the striker to be dropped in free or guided fall. The guidance system shall be such as to ensure that the striker: shall be positioned above the headform so that its central axis coincides with the central vertical axis of the force transducer; and falls on to the req

35、uired impact point with an impact speed of not less than 95% of that which would theoretically obtain for a free fall. BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 7 5.2.2.5 Means to measure impact speed Unless free fall is employed, means shall be provided to measure the striker speed at a distance of no

36、more than 60 mm prior to impact, to within an accuracy of 1 %. The impact speed shall be measured during the commissioning of the apparatus. It need not be done for each impact, but has to be sufficiently regular to comply with 5.2.2.4. 5.2.2.6 Instrumentation to record and analyse the data 5.2.2.6.

37、1 Force transducer The non-inertial force transducer shall be firmly attached to the base and arranged so that its sensitive axis coincides with the vertical axis passing through the centre of gravity of the headform and the centre of the striker. The transducer shall be capable of withstanding a co

38、mpressive force of 40 kN without damage. 5.2.2.6.2 Signal conditioning instrumentation The instrumentation shall provide for the complete measuring channel to have a frequency response in accordance with channel frequency class (CFC) 600 of ISO 6487. If digital sampling is employed, a sample rate of

39、 at least 6 kHz shall be used. The required low pass filter may be included within the computer software. Means shall be provided to record the maximum force transmitted during impact, to the nearest 10 N. 5.2.3 Procedure Within 1 min of its removal from conditioning (this time applies to temperatur

40、e conditioning only), fit the helmet to the appropriate headform in the manner in which it is intended to be worn on the head and allow the striker to fall on to the specified impact point. The impact energy shall be as specified in the appropriate helmet standard. If the design of the helmet permit

41、s direct contact between the striker and the headform, the test shall not be performed and the result shall be declared a failure. 5.2.4 Test report Record and report the maximum force transmitted during the impact to the nearest 10 N. 5.3 Falling headform method 5.3.1 Principle The helmet to be tes

42、ted is fitted to a headform and the assembly is allowed to fall with specified speed on to a rigidly mounted anvil. The deceleration of the headform is measured by means of a tri-axial accelerometer located within the headform. 5.3.2 Apparatus 5.3.2.1 Base The base shall be solid, made of steel or a

43、 combination of steel and concrete and have a mass of not less than 500 kg. At least the uppermost 25 mm shall consist of steel, which shall be firmly attached to the concrete if present. No part of the base and anvil assembly shall have a resonant frequency liable to affect the measurements. NOTE S

44、ee 5.3.2.6.2 regarding frequency response. BS EN 13087-2:2012EN 13087-2:2012 (E) 8 5.3.2.2 Anvil Two types of anvil are specified - a flat one and a kerbstone one. Both shall be made of steel. The anvil to be used is specified in the appropriate helmet standard. The flat anvil shall have a flat impa

45、ct face of diameter (130 3) mm, with the edge of its circumference radiused to nominally 2 mm. The kerbstone anvil shall have two faces, each inclined at (52,5 2,5) to the vertical and meeting along a striking edge with a radius of (15 0,5) mm. The height shall be not less than 50 mm and the length

46、not less than 125 mm. 5.3.2.3 Guidance system Means shall be provided for the headform/helmet assembly to be dropped in free or guided fall. The guidance system shall provide for the positioning of any impact point on the helmet vertically above the anvil, within a radius of 10 mm. It shall be such

47、as to ensure that the headform/helmet assembly falls on to the anvil with an impact speed of not less than 95 % of that which would theoretically obtain for a free fall. Its characteristics shall not affect the measurement of acceleration of the headform/helmet assembly. 5.3.2.4 Means to measure imp

48、act speed Unless free fall is employed, means shall be provided to measure the headform/helmet assembly speed at a distance of not more than 60 mm prior to impact, to within an accuracy of 1 %. 5.3.2.5 Test headforms The headforms shall comply with EN 960:2006, 2.2, 2.12, 3.1.1, 3.2. The sizes to be

49、 used are specified in the helmet standard, but shall be selected from size designations 495, 535, 575, 605 and 625 (equivalent to codes A, E, J, M and O, respectively, EN 960:1994). 5.3.2.6 Instrumentation to record and analyse the data 5.3.2.6.1 Accelerometer The tri-axial accelerometer shall be firmly attached to the headform near to its centre of gravity. NOTE ISO 6487 recommends that the Z axis of the accelerometer should coincide with the vertical axis passing throu