BS EN 13444-1-2001 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Measurement of emissions of hybrid vehicles - Electrically propelled road vehicles - Measurement of emissions of hybrid ve.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13444-1:2001 Electrically propelled road vehicles Measurement of emissions of hybrid vehicles Part 1: Thermal electric hybrid vehicles The European Standard EN 13444-1:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 43.120 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY

2、 COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 13444-1:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 September 2001 BSI 12 September 2001 ISBN 0 580 38455

3、1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13444-1:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/69, Electric vehicles, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

4、 obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Fi

5、nd” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from lega

6、l obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages

7、 This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE

8、 EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13444-1 April 2001 ICS 13.040.50; 43.120 English version Electrically propelled road vehicles Measurement of emissions of hybrid vehicles Part 1: Thermal electric hybrid vehicles Vhicules routiers propulsion lectrique Mesurage des missions des vhicules hybrides Partie 1: Vhicules

9、 hybrides lectriques thermiques Elektrisch angetriebene Straenfahrzeuge Messung der Emissionen von Hybridfahrzeugen Teil 1: Thermische Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeuge This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which s

10、tipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard

11、exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards b

12、odies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUN

13、G Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13444-1:2001 EEN 13444-1:2001 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions.

14、 4 4 Measurement of the emissions in hybrid mode 6 4.1 Principle 6 4.2 Cycle . 6 4.3 Equipment. 6 4.4 Fuel . 6 4.5 Parameters, units and accuracy of measurements 6 4.6 Test conditions 6 4.7 Operation mode 7 4.8 Expression of the results. 7 Annex A (normative) Measurement of the emissions 8 A.1 Gener

15、al . 8 A.2 Recorded values . 9 A.3 Calculation 9 A.4 Expression of results. 14 Annex B (informative) Example of calculation of gaseous emission with a continuous analysismethod 15 B.1 General . 15 B.2 Measured values for emissions 15 B.3 Calculation 16 B.4 Expression of the results. 18 Annex C (info

16、rmative) Technical information of the test thermal hybrid vehicle . 19 Annex D (informative) Test report on the emissions of a thermal electric hybrid vehicle 20 Bibliography . 21EN 13444-1:2001 3 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 301, Electrically prope

17、lled road vehicles, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by

18、October 2001. CEN TC 301 is dealing with “Electrically propelled road vehicles”. This title includes, in fact a wide range of electric road vehicles (see the definitions in EN 13447:2001) which can be divided as follows: Pure electric vehicle : this is an electrically propelled and infrastructure in

19、dependent exclusively electrically supplied road vehicle. Road vehicle fitted with an electric transmission : this vehicle remains in the scope of CEN/TC 301 but is considered as a conventional (e.g. an internal combustion engine vehicle) vehicle with a specific transmission (no standards to be deve

20、loped). Thermal electric hybrid vehicles where the thermal engine has such a low level of power 1) compared to that of the power train power may be treated as a pure electric vehicle from the measuring point of view. Other infrastructure independent electric vehicles which are today called electric

21、hybrid vehicles. These electric hybrid vehicles can run with a zero level pollutant emission. Infrastructure dependent electrically propelled road vehicles are excluded from application of this standard. A large amount of work has been undertaken on electric hybrid vehicles, and there is still a lot

22、 to discover on these vehicles which can for instance incorporate several driving modes (more than two). To remain today within what is most common, the term thermal electric hybrid vehicle will be understood as an electric road vehicle fitted with a thermal machine (which is fed with fuel). This Eu

23、ropean Standard EN 13444 consists of the following parts, under the general title “Electrically propelled road vehicles Measurement of emissions of hybrid vehicles“: Part 1: Thermal electric hybrid vehicles; Part 2: Other hybrid vehicles than those fitted with a thermal machine. Annex A forms an int

24、egral part of EN 13444-1. Annex B to Annex D are for information only. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany

25、, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.1)In order to be able to use existing measuring facilities.EN 13444-1:2001 4 1 Scope This standard aims at defining the emission measurements for a thermal electric hybrid

26、road vehicle from M 1 , N 1 , or M 2 2)category, and for tricycles and quadricycles from the motorcycle types 3) . This standard applies to the above mentioned vehicles whose emission can be tested following the provisions already laid down for conventional vehicles (i.e. Internal Combustion engine

27、vehicle) from the equivalent categories. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated refer

28、ences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 13447:2001, Electrically propel

29、led road vehicles Terminology. EN 1986-2:2001, Electrically propelled road vehicles Measurement of the energy performances Part 2 : Thermal electric hybrid vehicles. EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998). 3 Te

30、rms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply (see also EN 13447:2001). 3.1 electrically propelled road vehicle road vehicle in which electric energy is transformed by electrical machine(s) into mechanical energy for traction purpose NOTE T

31、raction is the term used with the same meaning as propulsion, but for historical reasons, this is the most widely used term. 3.2 electric hybrid (road) vehicle hybrid (road) vehicle in which one of the reversible energy source produces electric energy 3.3 thermal electric hybrid vehicle electric hyb

32、rid vehicle in which the traction system contains a thermal machine NOTE Vehicle integrating electric machine(s) for functional assistance to the engine such as load levelling devices, starter, electrically driven auxiliary units, etc. should not be considered as electric hybrid vehicles, in so far

33、they do not participate to the traction.2)Categories of vehicle M1, N1, and M2 are defined in Directive 92/53/EEC. 3)Motor tricyles and quadricycles are defined in Directive 92/61/EEC. In practice, tricycles and quadricycles with a maximum speed over 45 km/h fall within the scope of this standard.EN

34、 13444-1:2001 5 3.4 pure electric mode driving mode when only the secondary on board electric energy source delivers energy for traction purpose. The pure electric mode can be either selected by the driver or automatically selected by the system For definitions of primary or secondary on board elect

35、ric energy source, refer to EN 13447:2001 (Terminology). 3.5 pure thermal mode for a thermal electric hybrid vehicle is the driving mode which can be selected by the driver when only the additional other kind of on board energy source (including the thermal machine) participates in the propulsion of

36、 the vehicle. In this case, the on board secondary electric energy source is not active even for energy recovery 3.6 hybrid mode (for an electric hybrid vehicle) another driving mode than the pure electric mode if selected by the driver, or the pure thermal mode. All the on board energy sources can

37、participate in the propulsion of the vehicle, in accordance with the management system logic. The hybrid mode includes the pure electric mode when it is automatically selected by the system 3.7 series electric hybrid vehicle series hybrid vehicle in which all energy sources deliver electric energy 3

38、.8 parallel electric hybrid vehicle electric hybrid vehicle for which the wheel propulsion is produced either by the electric drive train and/or by the additional form of on board energy source delivering mechanical power, both through a transmission which can be common or individual 3.9 on board en

39、ergy source subsystem of the traction system consisting of a combination of at least storage(s) and possibly converter(s), transmission(s), ancillary device(s). The on-board energy source delivers energy to the power train for traction purpose EXAMPLE 1 For a pure electric vehicle, the on board ener

40、gy source can be made of: for the storage : an electrochemical storage battery; for the energy delivery system: cables; for the ancillary devices: thermal management of the battery, on board charger, protection devices. EXAMPLE 2 For a series thermal electric hybrid vehicle, the additional other kin

41、d of on board energy source can be made of: for the storage : a petrol tank; for the energy delivery system : a generating set including an IC engine plus an alternator and a rectifier; for the ancillary devices : electronic controllers and a cooling system.EN 13444-1:2001 6 4 Measurement of the emi

42、ssions in hybrid mode 4.1 Principle The exhaust emission measurement results follow the same test procedure as for the consumption measurement results, i.e. same vehicle conditions (including driving mode), and same speed profile. If a pure thermal mode can be selected by the driver, the test of the

43、 emission in hybrid mode shall be performed in pure thermal mode following strictly Directive 70/220/EEC as amended 4) . Then, the thermal electric hybrid vehicle behaves like a thermal engine vehicle, and no test procedure in hybrid mode is required. Otherwise, the whole test procedure has to be fu

44、lfilled in hybrid mode (see 4.7). The following test procedure ensures that the additional other form of on board energy source participates to the propulsion of the vehicle. This is the reason why the total distance travelled shall exceed the range of the vehicle in pure electric mode (see clause 4

45、 in EN 1986-2:2001), thus implying at least one cold start of the thermal engine. Annex A completes the operation mode, and defines the measurements to perform and the calculations. 4.2 Cycle The cycle is the same as that described in 6.2 in EN 1986-2:2001. 4.3 Equipment The equipments are the same

46、as those described in 6.3 in EN 1986-2:2001. 4.4 Fuel The fuel is the same as that described in 6.4 in EN 1986-2:2001. 4.5 Parameters, units and accuracy of measurements They are the same as those described in Table 1 in EN 1986-2:2001 with the following additions: Table 1 Parameter Units Accuracy P

47、recision Nitrogen oxide vol ppm1) 2 % 1 vol ppm 1) Particulates (for compression ignition engine only) g 5 g1 g 1)Vol ppm means parts per million in volume. 4.6 Test conditions The test conditions are the same as described in 6.6 in EN 1986-2:2001.4)At the time of the elaboration of this standard, D

48、irective 70/220/EEC was last amended by Directive 96/69/EC. In case of further amendments, a check of their compatibility with this standard should be undertaken.EN 13444-1:2001 7 4.7 Operation mode The operation mode is that described in 6.7 in EN 1986-2:2001, but replacing the set “hydrocarbon, ca

49、rbon monoxide and carbon dioxide” with the following set “hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and particulates”. Additionally the Annex A proposed in EN 1986-2:2001 is to be replaced by the Annex A of this European standard, and Annex D by Annex C. Furthermore, it is recommended to measure the emissions only when the thermal engine is on. 4.8 Expression of the results The emissions noted in the test report are the following: HC as the hydrocarbon emission expressed in grams per kilometre;